Pooled safety analysis and management of sotorasib-related adverse events in KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: We describe the safety of sotorasib monotherapy in patients with KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discuss practical recommendations for managing key risks.

Methods: Incidence rates of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were pooled from 4 clinical trials: CodeBreaK 100 (NCT03600883), CodeBreaK 101 (NCT04185883), CodeBreaK 105 (NCT04380753), and CodeBreaK 200 (NCT04303780) and graded according to CTCAE v5.0.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities in the detection of acute scaphoid fracture: a critical review.

This paper discusses the current literature surrounding the potential use of artificial intelligence and machine learning models in the diagnosis of acute obvious and occult scaphoid fractures. Current studies have notable methodological flaws and are at high risk of bias, precluding meaningful comparisons with clinician performance (the current reference standard). Specific areas should be addressed in future studies to help advance the meaningful and clinical use of artificial intelligence for radiograph interpretation.

Healthcare worker views on antimicrobial resistance in chronic respiratory disease.

Background And Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global crisis, however, relatively little is known regarding its impact in chronic respiratory disease and the specific challenges faced by healthcare workers across the world in this field. We aimed to assess global healthcare worker views on the challenges they face regarding AMR in chronic respiratory disease.

Methods: An online survey was sent to healthcare workers globally working in chronic respiratory disease through a European Respiratory Society clinical research collaboration (AMR-Lung) focussed on AMR in chronic lung disease.

Antimicrobial peptide glatiramer acetate targets Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides to breach membranes without altering lipopolysaccharide modification.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key components of innate immunity across all domains of life. Natural and synthetic AMPs are receiving renewed attention in efforts to combat the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis and the loss of antibiotic efficacy. The gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most concerning infecting bacteria in AMR, particularly in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) where respiratory infections are difficult to eradicate and associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Limitations of current techniques in clinical antimicrobial resistance diagnosis: examples and future prospects.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to public health. Without proactive intervention, common infections may become untreatable, restricting the types of clinical intervention that can be undertaken and reversing improvements in mortality rates. Effective antimicrobial stewardship represents one approach to restrict the spread of antimicrobial resistance but relies on rapid and accurate diagnostics that minimise the unnecessary use of antibiotics.

REVEAL-CP: Selective Screening of Pediatric Patients for Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency with a Guthrie Card and Structural Modeling of One Index Case.

The main objective of this prospective, multicenter study (REVEAL-CP) was to test children with cerebral palsy-like signs and symptoms for raised 3--methyldopa (3-OMD) blood levels, a biomarker for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCd). A secondary objective was to characterize the molecular basis for the defective aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) gene product. Patients were identified in pediatric secondary and tertiary care hospitals through database searches and personal communication.

Vascular Access and Closure Management for Electrophysiological Interventions: Small Interventions Big Impact.

Purpose Of The Review: This review examines the role of vascular access and closure management in cardiac electrophysiology (EP) procedures, emphasising their impact on patient outcomes and safety. It synthesises current evidence and highlights advancements, challenges, and opportunities in this critical area of EP practice.

Recent Findings: Ultrasound-guided vascular access has significantly reduced complications and improved success rates compared to traditional methods.

Position statement on longitudinal cracks and fractures of teeth.

This position statement is a consensus view of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). The statement is based on current clinical and scientific evidence as well as the collective reflective practice of the committee. The aim is to provide clinicians with evidence-based, authoritative information on the aetiology, clinical presentation, and management of cracks and fractures that typically manifest along the long axis of the crown and/or root.

Is videoconference pulmonary rehabilitation associated with improvements in knowledge in people living with COPD? A propensity-matched service-evaluation.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) services are increasingly using alternative programme delivery modes, for example telerehabilitation strategies including videoconferencing, to improve patient choice and accessibility. Although telerehabilitation results in improvements in core outcomes, the effect on knowledge attainment is not known. To observe the real-world responses of patients choosing to undergo videoconference PR to a matched control group choosing to undergo in-person PR, in terms of knowledge attainment.

Abnormally Low HbA Caused by Hemolytic Anemia, a Case Report and Literature Review.

Hemoglobin A is a widely used diagnostic tool for monitoring glycemic control in diabetes management. However, its accuracy can be influenced by various factors. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy with abnormally low Hemoglobin A levels caused by warm autoantibody-induced hemolytic anemia.

2024 British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) UK national guideline on the management of vulval conditions.

Background: The management of vulval disorders in Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinics requires targeted approaches due to the wide range of conditions affecting the vulva. Vulval diseases encompass various aetiologies, including dermatoses, pain syndromes, and pre-malignant conditions, necessitating specialized care often involving multidisciplinary collaboration.

Purpose: This guideline aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of specific vulval conditions that may present in GUM clinics.

ASRA Pain Medicine consensus practice infection control guidelines for regional anesthesia and pain medicine.

Background: To provide recommendations on risk mitigation, diagnosis and treatment of infectious complications associated with the practice of regional anesthesia, acute and chronic pain management.

Methods: Following board approval, in 2020 the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA Pain Medicine) commissioned evidence-based guidelines for best practices for infection control. More than 80 research questions were developed and literature searches undertaken by assigned working groups comprising four to five members.

Contemporary management of phyllodes tumours of the breast: proposal for recommendations from the UK Association of Breast Surgery.

Phyllodes tumours of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms classified histologically into benign, borderline, or malignant; each requiring different treatment strategies. The infrequency of presentation can result in diagnostic and management variability. The aim is to provide evidence-based or expert consensus recommendations for multidisciplinary teams managing patients with phyllodes tumours.

Anatomic and Functional Outcomes of Scleral Buckling Surgery for Advanced Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis.

A significant percentage of patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who progressed to stages 4 and 5 of ROP will require surgical intervention. Scleral buckling surgery is widely employed for the restoration of retinal detachment in advanced cases of ROP. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to review the anatomical and visual outcomes following scleral buckling surgery in ROP of stages 4 and 5.

Improving Patient Satisfaction With Inhalation Sedation: A Service Evaluation of Paediatric Patients at a Primary Care Referral Centre in the United Kingdom.

Introduction This report explores patient satisfaction in a dental sedation service in primary care for paediatric patients. The study explores different behavioural management techniques and additional supportive aids as adjuncts to inhalation sedation to improve patient satisfaction. Aim and objective To determine patient satisfaction with pre-assessment, treatment and aftercare in inhalation sedation services in primary care.

Direct-acting oral anticoagulant removal by intraoperative hemoadsorption in CABG and/or single valve surgery: interim analysis of the International Safe and Timely Antithrombotic Removal (STAR) registry.

Objective: Patients on direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are at high risk of perioperative bleeding complications. Intraoperative hemoadsorption is a novel strategy to reduce perioperative bleeding in patients on DOACs undergoing non-deferable cardiac surgery. The international STAR-registry reports real-world clinical outcomes associated with this application.

Study protocol: multi-centre, randomised controlled clinical trial exploring stromal targeting in locally advanced pancreatic cancer; STARPAC2.

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the commonest form), a lethal disease, is best treated with surgical excision but is feasible in less than a fifth of patients. Around a third of patients presentlocally advanced, inoperable, non-metastatic (laPDAC), whose stadrd of care is palliative chemotherapy; a small minority are down-sized sufficiently to enable surgical excision. We propose a phase II clinical trial to test whether a combination of standard chemotherapy (gemcitabine & nab-Paclitaxel: GEM-NABP) and repurposing All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) to target the stroma may extend progression-free survival and enable successful surgical resection for patients with laPDAC, since data from phase IB clinical trial demonstrate safety of GEM-NABP-ATRA combination to patients with advanced PDAC with potential therapeutic benefit.

Physiochemical and functional evaluation of the first-in-class anti-cancer IgE antibody drug, MOv18, through process development and good manufacturing practice production.

Antibodies used for cancer therapy are monoclonal IgGs, but tumor-targeting IgE antibodies have shown enhanced effector cell potency against cancer in preclinical models. Research-grade recombinant IgE antibodies have been generated and studied for several decades. The recent Phase 1 clinical trial of the first-in-class MOv18 IgE, however, necessitated the inaugural process development and scaled manufacture of a recombinant IgE to clinical quality standards.

Global linear accelerator requirements and personalised country recommendations: a cross-sectional, population-based study.

Background: The Linear Accelerator Shortage Index (LSI) is a practical tool for prioritising the deployment of linear accelerators (LINACs) in various regions within a country. The LSI reflects the ratio of LINAC demand to current availability. The aim of this study was to use the LSI to predict global LINAC needs and classify countries according to the degree of radiotherapy shortage (LINAC shortage grade).

Assessment of complications and success rates of Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: single tract . multi tract approaches.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the success and complication rates of single-tract access . multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL).

Material And Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent PNL for staghorn, partial staghorn, and complex kidney stones between 2014 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.