Relationship between Surgery and Trauma and Risk of Recurrence in Patients with an Associated First Venous Thrombotic Event: A Nested Case-Control Study.

The duration of anticoagulation treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) depends on whether the event was provoked or unprovoked. Major surgery or trauma are well-established major provoking factors associated with a low risk of recurrence, but the magnitude of risk with VTE after minor surgery or trauma is uncertain.To compare the rate of recurrence in patients with VTE provoked by minor surgery or trauma with that in patients with VTE provoked by major surgery or trauma.

Dynamic Bayesian network models for self-management of chronic diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis case-study.

Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) are temporal probabilistic graphical models with a set of random variables and dependencies between them. DBNs have a meaningful structure and can model the continuity of events in discrete time-slices. In this study, we aimed to show how to build DBN models for self-management of chronic diseases using multiple sources of evidence.

Relevance of telemonitoring algorithms for the management of home noninvasive ventilation.

Background And Objective: The increasing number of patients requiring home noninvasive ventilation (HNIV) is a challenge for our healthcare system. Telemonitoring may be used to facilitate the management of HNIV patients. We aimed to assess the ability of telemonitoring algorithms to identify patients not adequately ventilated.

First-Episode Psychosis incidence pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic: a six-year natural quasi-experimental study in South London.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may have been accompanied by an increased exposure to psychosis risk factors. We used a pre-during-post study design to examine variations in the incidence of First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in South London. We hypothesised that FEP rates rose during the pandemic and subsequently returned to pre-pandemic levels.

Genome-wide association study meta-analysis provides insights into the etiology of heart failure and its subtypes.

Heart failure (HF) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. While distinct clinical subtypes, defined by etiology and left ventricular ejection fraction, are well recognized, their genetic determinants remain inadequately understood. In this study, we report a genome-wide association study of HF and its subtypes in a sample of 1.

Expert consensus statement on the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with Janus kinase inhibitors: 2024 update.

In light of the introduction of new Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), new indications for JAKi and recent safety considerations that have arisen since the preceding consensus statement on JAKi therapy, a multidisciplinary taskforce was assembled, encompassing patients, health care professionals, and clinicians with expertise in JAKi therapy across specialties. This taskforce, informed by two comprehensive systematic literature reviews, undertook the objective to update the previous expert consensus for using JAKi developed in 2019. The taskforce deliberated on overarching principles, indications, dosage and comedication strategies, warnings and contraindications, screening protocols, monitoring recommendations, and adverse effect profiles.

High intensity exercise programme in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a randomized trial.

Background And Aims: The feasibility and impact of high intensity exercise programmes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are unknown. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of a high intensity exercise programme and explore safety and efficacy outcomes in patients with HCM.

Methods: Participants were randomized to a 12-week supervised exercise programme (n = 40) in addition to usual care, or usual care alone (n = 40).

"I still can't forget those words": mixed methods study of the persisting impact on patients reporting psychosomatic and psychiatric misdiagnoses.

Objectives: This research aimed to improve understanding of persisting impacts of patient-reported psychosomatic and psychiatric misdiagnoses on patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).

Methods: Mixed methods data from two SARDs cohorts were analysed (N = 1,543 and N = 1,853). Validated instruments and patient-designed questions were used to measure self-reported depression, anxiety and mental wellbeing, in addition to medical relationships and healthcare behaviours.

Effects of SGLT2 inhibition on insulin use in CKD and type 2 diabetes: Insights from the CREDENCE trial.

Background: Insulin is a mainstay treatment for diabetes, but its use is associated with weight gain and hypoglycaemia. Data on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on insulin use in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited.

Methods: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial.

Introducing the Team Card: Enhancing governance for medical Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in the age of complexity.

This paper introduces the Team Card (TC) as a protocol to address harmful biases in the development of clinical artificial intelligence (AI) systems by emphasizing the often-overlooked role of researchers' positionality. While harmful bias in medical AI, particularly in Clinical Decision Support (CDS) tools, is frequently attributed to issues of data quality, this limited framing neglects how researchers' worldviews-shaped by their training, backgrounds, and experiences-can influence AI design and deployment. These unexamined subjectivities can create epistemic limitations, amplifying biases and increasing the risk of inequitable applications in clinical settings.

A Core Outcome Set for Adult General ICU Patients.

Objectives: Randomized clinical trials informing clinical practice (e.g., like large, pragmatic, and late-phase trials) should ideally mostly use harmonized outcomes that are important to patients, family members, clinicians, and researchers.

Industry updates from the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine in September 2024.

Latest developments in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine compiled from publicly available information and press releases from non-academic institutions in September 2024.

Sos1 ablation alters focal adhesion dynamics and increases Mmp2/9-dependent gelatinase activity in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Background: Sos1 and Sos2 are guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for Ras and Rac small GTPases, which are involved in a wide range of cellular responses including proliferation and migration. We have previously shown that Sos1 and Sos2 have different effects on cell migration, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear.

Methods: Using a 4-hydroxytamoxifen-inducible conditional Sos1 mutation, here we evaluated the functional specificity or redundancy of Sos1 and Sos2 regarding the control of cell migration and dynamics of focal adhesions (FAs) in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).

Molecular Imaging Versus Adrenal Vein Sampling for the Detection of Surgically Curable Primary Aldosteronism : A Prospective Within-Patient Trial.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) causes hypertension and is potentially surgically curable when it is caused by a unilateral aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma (APA). Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is required to guide surgery, but it is invasive, is technically difficult, and has limited availability.

Objective: To determine whether the accuracy of post-dexamethasone [C]metomidate ([C]MTO) positron emission tomography-computed tomography, a diagnostic test for APAs, is superior or noninferior to the accuracy of AVS in predicting outcomes from unilateral adrenalectomy, and whether [C]MTO is interchangeable with its longer-half-life analogue, para-chloro-2-[F]fluoroethyletomidate ([F]CETO).

Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence for dental and occlusal parameters using standardized clinical photographs.

Introduction: SmileMate (SmileMate, Dental Monitoring SAS, Paris, France) is an artificial intelligence (AI)-based Web site that uses intraoral photographs to assess patients' dental and orthodontic parameters and provide a report. This study aimed to investigate the ability of an AI assessment tool (SmileMate) for orthodontic and dental parameters.

Methods: A United Kingdom-based prospective clinical study enrolled 35 participants in the study.

Time to Renal Replacement Therapy Initiation in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Secondary Analysis of the Standard Versus Accelerated Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (STARRT-AKI) Trial.

Objectives: Among critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) who lack emergent indications for renal replacement therapy (RRT), a strategy of preemptive RRT initiation does not lead to improved outcomes. However, for patients with persistent AKI and without urgent indications for RRT, the safety of prolonged delays in RRT initiation is unclear. We sought to assess the association between progressively longer delays in RRT initiation and clinical outcomes.

Integrated Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Abrocitinib in Adolescents With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Abrocitinib has demonstrated long-term efficacy (48 weeks) and safety (~4 years) in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). This analysis evaluated abrocitinib efficacy in adolescents through 112 weeks, and safety of up to 4.6 years of exposure.

Factors influencing UK arthroplasty surgeons' decision-making between total and medial unicompartmental knee surgery: A vignette-based behavioural experiment.

Purpose: Surgical options for end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) include total and medial unicompartmental knee replacement (TKR and UKR). Deciding which surgery to perform is complex and ill-defined, yet it has important implications for patients and the health service. The study aimed to identify clinical and surgeon factors predicting surgeons' preferences.

Effect of end expiration breath hold on target volumes and organ at risk doses for oesophageal cancer radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: The end expiration breath hold (EEBH) technique has the potential to reduce tumour motion during radiotherapy treatment of lower oesophageal cancer, and therefore, motion artefacts, target volumes and dose to surrounding organs at risk (OAR). EEBH is an emerging technique and clinical data on its use in oesophageal cancer is scarce.

Methods And Materials: A comparison of 20 lower oesophageal cancer patients was performed for radiotherapy treatment plans in both EEBH and free breathing (FB).

Outcomes of deep brain stimulation surgery in the management of dystonia in glutaric aciduria type 1.

Objectives: Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is a rare autosomal recessive organic acidaemia caused by deficiency of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme. We describe the outcomes following deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the management of dystonia of children and adults with glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1).

Methods: Cases with GA1 were identified from the institutional databases of two tertiary movement disorder services.