Abortion Access for Incarcerated People: Incidence of Abortion and Policies at U.S. Prisons and Jails.

Objective: To understand abortion incidence among incarcerated people and the relation to prison and jail pregnancy policies.

Methods: We collected abortion numbers and policy data from convenience sample of 22 state prison systems, all Federal Bureau of Prisons sites, and six county jails that voluntarily reported monthly, aggregate pregnancy outcomes for 12 months in 2016-2017. Sites also completed a baseline survey of institution characteristics and pregnancy policies, including abortion.

Comparability of estimates and trends in adolescent sexual and contraceptive behaviors from two national surveys: National Survey of Family Growth and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Objective: To compare adolescents' reports of sexual and contraceptive behaviors between the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).

Methods: For each survey, we estimated the year- and sex-specific prevalence of sexual and contraceptive behaviors among a comparably defined sample of US respondents ages 15-19 currently attending high school. We used logistic regression to test for changes in prevalence from 2007-2019 and conducted sensitivity analyses to investigate between-survey differences.

The health system costs of post abortion care in Tanzania.

Background: Unsafe abortion is common in Tanzania. Currently, postabortion care (PAC) is legally provided, but there is little information on the national cost. We estimated the health system costs of offering PAC in Tanzania in 2018, at existing levels of care and when hypothetically expanded to meet all need.

Contraceptive and abortion practices of young Ghanaian women aged 15-24: evidence from a nationally representative survey.

Background: Young Ghanaian women experience high rates of unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancy, and face unique barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health services. This study provides a comprehensive national analysis of young women's contraceptive and abortion practices and needs.

Methods: In 2018, we conducted a nationally representative survey of women aged 15-49, including 1039 women aged 15-24.

Use of Fertility Awareness-Based Methods for Pregnancy Prevention Among Ghanaian Women: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey.

Few studies in low- and middle-income countries have examined the use of fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs) for pregnancy prevention. Understanding the prevalence of FABM use among Ghanaian contraceptors and the characteristics and practices of users is essential. Our 2018 nationally representative survey of Ghanaian women included detailed questions on the use of rhythm and Standard Days Method/Cycle Beads (SDM).

Use of contraception among reproductive-aged women in the United States, 2014 and 2016.

Objective: To examine current levels, correlates of, and changes in contraceptive use among reproductive-age women in the United States between 2014 and 2016.

Design: We conducted simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify associations between user characteristics and contraceptive use, with specific attention to methods requiring a visit to a health care provider.

Setting: Not applicable.

Differences in Abortion Rates between Asian Populations by Country of Origin and Nativity Status in New York City, 2011-2015.

Despite the size of the Asian population in New York City (NYC) and the city's robust abortion surveillance system, abortion-related estimates for this population have not been calculated previously. This study examined the use of abortion services among specific Asian groups in NYC from 2011-2015. Using NYC surveillance data, we estimated abortion rates for Asians, disaggregated by five country of origin groups and nativity status, and for other major racial/ethnic groups.

Changes in use of emergency contraceptive pills in the United States from 2008 to 2015.

Objectives: To describe changes in use and receipt of emergency contraceptive (EC) pills among women in the United States during a period of key EC policy changes, from 2008 to 2015.

Study Design: Using data from the 2006 to 2010 and 2013 to 2017 National Surveys of Family Growth, we present changes in the percent of women who ever used EC between 2008 and 2015 by select sociodemographic and sexual and reproductive health characteristics, and we examine multivariable relationships of these characteristics with EC ever use in 2015. We also examine changes in repeat EC use, receipt of EC counseling, reasons for EC use and source of EC between the time periods.

Exploring experience of and engagement in coercive pregnancy behaviors among sexually active young men from five clinics in Baltimore, MD.

Objectives: To explore young men's perceived experience of coercive pregnancy behaviors by female partners, and engagement in and behavioral overlap of these occurrences in this sample.

Study Design: Heterosexually active young men aged 15 to 24 (n = 39), recruited from 3 primary care and 2 sexually transmitted disease clinics in Baltimore, MD city over a 2-week period, were surveyed on their perceived experience of and engagement in coercive pregnancy behaviors, attitudes about women, and background characteristics.

Results: Of 130 invited, 66 (51%) agreed to participate, 39 of whom were heterosexual young men; 87% were non-Hispanic Black and 59% were aged 20 to 24.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Literacy, Misoprostol Knowledge and Use of Medication Abortion in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Mixed Methods Study.

Little is known about the link between health literacy and women's ability to safely and successfully use misoprostol to self-induce an abortion. While abortion is only allowed to save a woman's life in Nigeria, misoprostol is widely available from drug sellers. We interviewed 394 women in 2018 in Lagos State, Nigeria, who induced abortion using misoprostol obtained from a drug seller to determine their sexual and reproductive health literacy (SRHL) and misoprostol knowledge levels; and how these were associated with ending the pregnancy successfully or seeking care for (perceived) complications.

Does the Impact of Motherhood on Women's Employment and Wages Differ for Women Who Plan Their Transition Into Motherhood?

Women's ability to control their fertility through contraception and abortion has been shown to contribute to improvements in education and employment. At the same time, their employment and wages decline substantially when they transition to motherhood. About one-third of births are unintended, and it is unknown whether the impact of motherhood on employment, hours, and wages is smaller for women who planned their transition into motherhood compared with those who did not.

The Impact of Abortion Underreporting on Pregnancy Data and Related Research.

Introduction: The impact on research findings that use pregnancy data from surveys with underreported abortions is not well-established. We estimate the percent of all pregnancies missing from women's self-reported pregnancy histories because of abortion underreporting.

Methods: We obtained abortion and fetal loss data from the 2006-2015 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), annual counts of births from US vital statistics, and external abortion counts from the Guttmacher Institute.

Women's experiences using drugs to induce abortion acquired in the informal sector in Colombia: qualitative interviews with users in Bogotá and the Coffee Axis.

In 2006, abortion in Colombia was decriminalised under certain circumstances. Yet some women continue to avail themselves of ways to terminate pregnancies outside of the formal health system. In-depth interviews (IDIs) with women who acquired drugs outside of health facilities to terminate their pregnancies (= 47) were conducted in Bogotá and the Coffee Axis in 2018.

Use of concurrent multiple methods of contraception in the United States, 2008 to 2015.

Objective: To identify prevalence of, characteristics associated with, and combinations of, use of more than one method of contraception at last intercourse among US women between 2008 and 2015.

Methods: We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses using data on concurrent contraceptive use from 2 nationally representative samples of women ages 15 to 44 who had used some form of contraception at last intercourse in the past 3 months in the 2006-2010 ( = 6601) and 2013-2017 ( = 5562) cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth.

Results: Use of more than one method of contraception at last sex increased from 14% in 2008 to 18% in 2015 (<0.

Evolving the Preconception Health Framework: A Call for Reproductive and Sexual Health Equity.

Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to intervening in individuals' health in the "preconception" period as an approach to optimizing pregnancy outcomes. Increasing attention to the structural and social determinants of health and to the need to prioritize reproductive autonomy has underscored the need to evolve the preconception health framework to center race equity and to engage with the historical and social context in which reproduction and reproductive health care occur. In this commentary, we describe the results of a meeting with a multidisciplinary group of maternal and child health experts, reproductive health researchers and practitioners, and Reproductive Justice leaders to define a new approach for clinical and public health systems to engage with the health of nonpregnant people.

Global Developments in Laws on Induced Abortion: 2008-2019.

Context: Evidence shows that laws that restrict abortion do not eliminate its practice, but instead result in women having clandestine abortions, which are likely to be unsafe. It is important to periodically assess changes in the legal status of abortion around the world.

Methods: The criteria for legal abortion as of 2019 for 199 countries and territories were used to distribute them along a continuum of six mutually exclusive categories, from prohibited to permitted without restriction as to reason.

Health system capacity for post-abortion care in Java, Indonesia: a signal functions analysis.

Background: The quality of obstetric care has been identified as a contributing factor in Indonesia's persistently high level of maternal mortality, and the country's restrictive abortion laws merit special attention to the quality of post-abortion care (PAC). Due to unique health policies and guidelines, in Indonesia, uterine evacuation for PAC is typically administered only by Ob/Gyns practicing in hospitals.

Methods: Using data from a survey of 657 hospitals and emergency obstetric-registered public health centers in Java, Indonesia's most populous island, we applied a signal functions analysis to measure the health system's capacity to offer PAC.

Fertility intentions and recent births among US abortion patients.

Objective: To examine fertility intentions among abortion patients and the potential of abortion for avoiding short birth intervals.

Study Design: We used national data from a sample of more than 8000 individuals obtaining abortions in the United States in 2014. We created a measure of fertility intentions based on prior births and responses to an item asking about future childbearing expectations.