Fibroblastic osteosarcoma: A perplexing entity.

Osteosarcoma (OS), also referred to as osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common primary malignant tumour affecting long bones, characterised by the proliferation of osteoblastic precursor cells and the production of osteoid or immature bone. OSs of the head and neck region have unique biology, exhibiting a clinical behaviour and a natural history that are distinct from OSs of the trunk and extremities. Similarly, their radiological appearance and histological growth pattern can be quite diverse proving to be a challenge to histopathologists to arrive at a diagnosis.

ISP good clinical practice recommendations for gum care.

Oral health is vital for the general well-being, overall body health and the quality of life throughout our lifetime. Most of the oral diseases and conditions are largely related to the maintenance of oral hygiene, lacking that people suffer from diverse oral diseases at different times in their life. With greater life expectancy, the individuals have teeth involved with periodontal diseases that would not only require professional care but also home gum care for them to last a lifetime.

Portable, handheld, and affordable blood perfusion imager for screening of subsurface cancer in resource-limited settings.

Precise information on localized variations in blood circulation holds the key for noninvasive diagnostics and therapeutic assessment of various forms of cancer. While thermal imaging by itself may provide significant insights on the combined implications of the relevant physiological parameters, viz. local blood perfusion and metabolic balance due to active tumors as well as the ambient conditions, knowledge of the tissue surface temperature alone may be somewhat inadequate in distinguishing between some ambiguous manifestations of precancer and cancerous lesions, resulting in compromise of the selectivity in detection.

Quantitative evaluation of remineralizing potential of three agents on artificially demineralized human enamel using scanning electron microscopy imaging and energy-dispersive analytical X-ray element analysis: An study.

Background: The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the remineralization potential of three remineralizing systems as follows: fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and CPP-ACP with fluoride, under scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.

Materials And Methods: In this study A total of 40 enamel specimens were prepared from the buccal or lingual surfaces of human premolars extracted for orthodontic reason. Specimens were then placed in demineralizing solution for 96 h, to produce artificial caries-like lesion.

Load transfer across a mandible during a mastication cycle: The effects of odontogenic tumour.

The extent to which load transfer in a diseased mandible with odontogenic tumour might influence the potential risk of pathological fracture has scarcely been investigated. The study sought to investigate the quantitative deviations in load transfer across healthy and cancer-affected (diseased) mandibles having odontogenic tumours. The effect of size of the tumours (small: 9 mm diameter, large: 19 mm diameter), and variation in bone mechanical (elastic) properties of the mandible on load transfer in cancer-affected mandibles during a mastication cycle have been investigated.

A fixed intraoral nail biting habit-breaker appliance: A case report of a novel approach to prevent onychophagia.

Onychophagia or nail biting is the performance of repetitive actions of biting one's nails often to the level of mutilation of the nail beds. It is a compulsive act most often seen in adolescents but may continue into adulthood, leading to deleterious consequences. Often spurred by anxiety and stress, this oral habit is not so readily addressed by patients and in turn not very much treated by dentists or physicians.

Oral sarcoidosis aiding in diagnosis of underlying systemic disease.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystemic, granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology characterised by the formation of non-caseating granuloma. It shows slight female predominance and has a bimodal age distribution. Lungs, skin, eye and liver are commonly affected.

The prevalence of dental anxiety and fear among 4-13-year-old Nepalese children.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental fear and anxiety among children aged 4-13 years using three fear scales, i.e., facial image scale (FIS), Nepalese version of Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS).

Endorsing cellular competitiveness in aberrant epithelium of oral submucous fibrosis progression: neighbourhood analysis of immunohistochemical attributes.

Epithelial abnormality during the transformation of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) into oral squamous cell carcinoma has been well studied and documented. However, the differential contribution of atrophy and hyperplasia for malignant potentiality of OSF is yet to be resolved. Existing diagnostic conjectures lack precise diagnostic attributes which may be effectively resolved by substantiation of specific molecular pathology signatures.

Risk prediction for oral potentially malignant disorders using fuzzy analysis of cytomorphological and autofluorescence alterations in habitual smokers.

Aim: This study aims to develop a novel noninvasive method for early cancer trend diagnosis in habitual smokers by corroborating cytomorphological and autofluorescence alterations.

Materials & Methods: A total of 120 subjects were included and categorized into nonsmoker, smoker and clinically diagnosed oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) patients. Oral exfoliative epithelial cells were studied through differential interference contrast and fluorescence microscopy.

Nanomechanical signatures of oral submucous fibrosis in sub-epithelial connective tissue.

Oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF), a potentially malignant disorder, exhibits extensive remodeling of extra-cellular matrix in the form of sub-epithelial fibrosis which is a possible sequel of assaults from different oral habit related irritants. It has been assumed that micro/nanobio-mechanical imbalance experienced in the oral mucosa due to fibrosis may be deterministic for malignant potential (7-13%) of this pathosis. Present study explores changes in mechanobiological attributes of sub-epithelial connective tissue of OSF and the normal counterpart.

Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy based spectral-biomarker selection towards optimum diagnostic differentiation of oral leukoplakia and cancer.

In search of specific label-free biomarkers for differentiation of two oral lesions, namely oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 47 human subjects (eight normal (NOM), 16 OLK, and 23 OSCC). Difference between mean spectra (DBMS), Mann-Whitney's U test, and forward feature selection (FFS) techniques were used for optimising spectral-marker selection. Classification of diseases was performed with linear and quadratic support vector machine (SVM) at 10-fold cross-validation, using different combinations of spectral features.

Knowledge, attitude and practices about oral cancers among dental students in H.P Government Dental College, Shimla-Himachal Pradesh.

Aim: The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among undergraduate dental students about oral cancer.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among undergraduate dental students between the 3rd and 5th years in H.P Government Dental College, Shimla.

Accessory Central Cusp in the Maxillary Second Primary Molars: A Rare Entity among the Rare.

Central accessory cusp in primary molars is an extremely rare condition which is due to abnormal proliferation and folding of inner enamel epithelium during morphodifferentiation stage of tooth development. The extension of the pulp in the cuspal area is often the reason for early involvement of pulp by the caries process. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment planning is necessary to maintain the integrity of primary dental arch.

Computer-aided molecular pathology interpretation in exploring prospective markers for oral submucous fibrosis progression.

Background: Evaluation of molecular pathology markers using a computer-aided quantitative assessment framework would help to assess the altered states of cellular proliferation, hypoxia, and neoangiogenesis in oral submucous fibrosis and could improve diagnostic interpretation in gauging its malignant potentiality.

Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of c-Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFRII, and CD105 were evaluated in 58 biopsies of oral submucous fibrosis using computer-aided quantification. After digital stain separation of original chromogenic IHC images, quantification of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction pattern was performed based on intensity and extent of cytoplasmic, nuclear, and stromal expression.

Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip and palate syndrome.

Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft (EEC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the triad of ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia, and facial clefting along with some associated features. Presence of all the three major features in a single individual is extremely rare. We report a case of 4 year 11 months old child with EEC syndrome having ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip and cleft palate and ectrodactyly with some associated features.

Correlated analysis of semi-quantitative immunohistochemical features of E-cadherin, VEGF and CD105 in assessing malignant potentiality of oral submucous fibrosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis, a potentially premalignant condition for oral squamous cell carcinoma, manifests both non-dysplastic and dysplastic grades. Early and specific identification of its malignant potentiality suffers from diagnostic limitations that may be addressed by correlated molecular pathology attributes having histopathological backdrop. Present study correlates expressional alteration in prime epithelial marker E-cadherin, with neo-angiogenic molecules viz.

Prevalence of dental attrition in in vitro fertilization children of West Bengal.

Context: Dental attrition is one of the problems affecting the tooth structure. It may affect both in vitro fertilization (IVF) and spontaneously conceived children.

Aims: This study was aimed to evaluate and to compare the prevalence of dental attrition in deciduous dentition of IVF and spontaneously conceived children.

Double eye brow: a rare case report.

Eye brows are essential for esthetic and functional purposes. Various kinds of eye brows are found in human species. Protective function is one of the important functions of eye brows.

A cross sectional study of dermatoglyphics and dental caries in Bengalee children.

Context: Dermatoglyphic is the permanent imprint found in hands. Variations of dermatoglyphic patterns among the individuals have been noted.

Aims: To find out the dermatoglyphic pattern variations in dental caries between study group and the control group.

A cross-sectional study of soft tissue facial morphometry in children of West Bengal.

Context: Facial analysis is the first step in the evaluation of patients with orthodontic, cosmetic, or reconstructive procedures of the face, and one of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It is a well-established fact that human faces differ from one another on the basis of race and ethnicity. The study will provide the aesthetic guidelines to assess the facial discrepancy in Bengali children to develop a proper treatment plan.

Surgical and nonsurgical management of bilateral periapical lesions in the maxillary anterior region.

Conventional nonsurgical endodontic treatment has a high degree of clinical success, but in certain cases surgical intervention becomes necessary. This is the case report of a patient presenting with bilaterally separate periapical lesions in the maxillary anterior region. One lesion was managed by periapical surgery using a novel and safe method of separating the soft tissue mass of the periapical lesion which was in proximity to vital and vulnerable anatomical tissues, and the other was managed by long-term intracanal medicament, emphasizing the need of application of treatment in the best interest of the patient.

In vivo bone response and interfacial properties of titanium-alloy implant with different designs in rabbit model with time.

Background: Using implants for dental applications are well-accepted procedures as one of the solutions for periodontal defect repair. Suitable design and materials, their reaction with the surrounding hard tissues and interfacial biomechanical properties are still considered to be the primary criteria which need to be addressed systematically. In the present study, a thorough and systemic approach was made to identify a suitable implant, considering the above criteria after both in vitro and in vivo animal trials.