Assessment of Perception of Pain with E-Speed Film, CCD Sensor and Photostimulable Phosphor Plates for Intraoral Radiographs in Children using Three Pain Rating Scales.

Background: Dental radiography is an integral part of intraoral evaluation. Children are often uncomfortable during the placement of film or sensor due to the impingement of the soft tissues. Thus, the perception of pain with three intraoral radiographic methods in children was evaluated using three subjective pain rating scales.

Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) - a review.

With an increasing number of adult patients coming to the orthodontic clinic, the orthodontic professional is constantly looking for ways to accelerate tooth movement. Surgical intervention to affect the alveolar housing and tooth movement has been described in various forms for over a hundred years. However, it is the spirit of interdisciplinary collaboration in orthodontics has expanded the realm of traditional orthodontic tooth movement protocols.