Low Levels of LRRK2 Gene Expression are Associated with LRRK2 SNPs and Contribute to Parkinson's Disease Progression.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that has relatively slow progression with motor symptoms. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene mutations and polymorphisms are suggested to be associated with PD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the LRRK2 gene, namely, rs11176013, rs10878371, rs11835105, and PD.

Definition of Balance and Cognition Related to Disability Levels in Vestibular Migraine Patients.

Objective: To compare the balance and cognition of vestibular migraine (VM) patients with migraineurs without vertigo history and healthy subjects, and to examine the effects of disability level on these functions.

Material-method: The study consisted of 32 VM patients, 32 migraineurs and 31 healthy subjects with similar sex and age. Balance functions were assessed with Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BEST), dizziness and headache severity with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), disability related to dizziness with Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), cognition with Stroop test.

Antimicrobial Effect of Toothpastes Containing Fluoride, Xylitol, or Xylitol-Probiotic on Salivary and in Children.

Aim: This in vivo study was designed to compare the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing fluoride, xylitol, or xylitol-probiotic on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in 13-15-year-old children.

Materials And Methods: The study consisted of 60 pediatric patients who were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each. Group 1 recieved fluoride toothpaste (Colgate Max Fresh), group 2 used xylitol toothpaste (Xyliwhite), and group 3 used xylitol-probiotic toothpaste (PerioBiotic).

Clinical, Radiological and Electrophysiological Comparison of Immunomodulatory Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.

Introduction: Although it has been shown that immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) can modify the course of the disease by reducing the relapse rate and delaying the progression of disability, no study comparing IMTs head-to-head in terms of clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological changes is available. We aimed to investigate the effects of interferon-beta (IFN-B) 1b, IFN-B-1a subcutaneous (sc), IFN-B-1a intramuscular (im), and glatiramer acetate (GA) therapies on clinical, electrophysiological, and radiological findings.

Methods: We studied a cohort of 85 MS patients who were followed up for at least 2 years and had complete charting, including pre-treatment and post-treatment clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological findings.

A comparative analysis of angiopoietin 2 immunohistochemical staining in various stages of lung cancer.

Objective: The role of Angiopoietin 2 (Ang 2), which is necessary for tumor growth, extension, and metastasis is not fully elucidated. The presented study aimed to investigate the relationship between Ang 2 staining intensity, expression rate in tumor tissue, and the stage of lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Fifty cases of lung cancer (34 non-small and 16 small cell cases) were included in the study.

Analysing the Progression Rates of Macular Lesions with Autofluorescence Imaging Modes in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to compare the sensitivity of blue-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and near-infrared autofluorescence (NI-AF) imaging for determining the progression rates of macular lesions in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Materials And Methods: The study was designed retrospectively and included patients diagnosed with intermediate and advanced stage dry AMD. Best corrected visual acuities and FAF and NI-AF images were recorded in 46 eyes of 33 patients.

The Use of Surgical Care Improvement Projects in Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially mortal complication in patients undergoing surgery. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism can be seen up to 40 % of patients who have no or inappropriate VTE prophylaxis during perioperative period.In addition to the preoperative and intraoperative preventive measures, the standardization of postoperative care and follow-up are essential to reduce VTE risk.

GC and VDR SNPs and Vitamin D Levels in Parkinson's Disease: The Relevance to Clinical Features.

Vitamin D deficiency is suggested to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to investigate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels of PD patients in Turkish cohort, to investigate any association of vitamin D binding protein (GC) genotypes with PD due to the significant role of GC in vitamin D transport, to determine whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) haplotype that we previously demonstrated to be a risk haplotype for AD is also a common haplotype for PD and to investigate any relevant consequence of serum 25OHD levels, GC or VDR genotypes on clinical features of PD. Three hundred eighty-two PD patients and 242 healthy subjects were included in this study.

Olfactory and Gustatory Functions after Anterior Palatoplasty in Patients with Primary Snoring.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the chemical senses (namely, olfaction), the 4 basic tastes, and umami taste in patients who underwent anterior palatoplasty (AP) for primary snoring.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Multicenter, tertiary care hospitals.

Evaluation of the long-term results of trabectome surgery.

The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of ab interno trabeculectomy which is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, in the late period, performed via trabectome instrument. A total of 70 eyes followed up with a diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and undertaken trabectome surgery were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs), number of the drugs used, and complications were retrospectively investigated and the data were evaluated.

Effect of cooled hyperbaric bupivacaine on unilateral spinal anesthesia success rate and hemodynamic complications in inguinal hernia surgery.

Purpose: We hypothesized that cooling hyperbaric bupivacaine from 23 to 5 °C may limit the intrathecal spread of bupivacaine and therefore increase the success rate of unilateral spinal anesthesia and decrease the rate of hemodynamic complications.

Methods: A hundred patients scheduled for elective unilateral inguinal hernia surgery were randomly allocated to receive 1.8 ml of 0.

Bilateral Iris Atrophy after the Femtosecond Assisted Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Surgery.

Purpose. To report an unknown complication of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Case Presentation.

Socioeconomic Status May Impact Functional Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery in Parkinson's Disease.

Objectives: To investigate the association between socioeconomic status and deep brain stimulation (DBS) outcomes in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed a cohort of PD patients who underwent DBS from 2007 to 2011, who had Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement subscale (CGI-I) scores at approximately one year postsurgery. We also analyzed a subgroup of patients who had pre and postoperative Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part II (functional subscale) and European Quality of Life Scale (EQ5D) scores.