Construction of Anti-hPD-L1 HCAb Nb6 and I Labeling for Noninvasive Detection of PD-L1 Expression in Human Bone Sarcoma.

Immunotherapy is considered the fourth major treatment mode for cancer following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has achieved breakthrough progress; therefore, it is important to screen patients to identify those who will respond to tumor immunotherapy. Here, we report the construction of a novel heavy chain-only antibody (HCAb) and its corresponding I-labeled probe.

Proteomics Links Ubiquitin Chain Topology Change to Transcription Factor Activation.

A surprising complexity of ubiquitin signaling has emerged with identification of different ubiquitin chain topologies. However, mechanisms of how the diverse ubiquitin codes control biological processes remain poorly understood. Here, we use quantitative whole-proteome mass spectrometry to identify yeast proteins that are regulated by lysine 11 (K11)-linked ubiquitin chains.

IGF-1/IGF-1R blockade ameliorates diabetic kidney disease through normalizing Snail1 expression in a mouse model.

This study investigated the role of insulin-like growth factor-1/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1/IGF-1R) in the genesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse diabetes model. We showed elevated IGF-1 expression in the DKD kidneys after 16 wk of diabetic onset. Intraperitoneal administration of IGF-1R inhibitor (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, GSK4529) from to postdiabetes induction ameliorated urinary albumin excretion and kidney histological changes due to diabetes, including amelioration of glomerulomegaly, inflammatory infiltration, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

High-Mobility Group Nucleosome-Binding Protein 1 Mediates Renal Fibrosis Correlating with Macrophages Accumulation and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Diabetic Nephropathy Mice Model.

Background/aim: Renal fibrosis is essential for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Macrophages accumulate in diabetic kidneys and are involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a vital mechanism leading to renal fibrosis. Recently, high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1(HMGN1) was documented in promoting the recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells.

Super-Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Adverse Events in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess the safety of the super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) versus the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the treatment of pediatric renal calculus.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic records of pediatric patients who underwent treatment for renal stones by either SMP or MPCNL from May 2015 to May 2016. We compared the safety of the 2 surgical procedures in the treatment of renal calculus in children by using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) multivariate regression analysis, in which the exposures are the surgical procedures and postoperative adverse events (postoperative complications, fever, and WBC counts) are set as outcome variables.

Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Novel [F]FDG-Conjugated 2-Nitroimidazole Derivatives for Tumor Hypoxia Imaging.

Hypoxia imaging can guide tumor treatment and monitor changes in hypoxia during treatment. However, there is still no ideal hypoxia imaging agent for clinical applications. In this study, two novel 2-nitromidazole derivatives were synthesized and directly radiolabeled by [F]FDG in high radiochemical yield and excellent radiochemical purity.

Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of acetylated LysargiNase from Escherichia coli with high activity and stability.

Rationale: LysargiNase is a novel characterized metalloprotease that can cleave the N-terminii of lysine or arginine residues. The peptides generated by LysargiNase are just mirrors to those generated by trypsin. These characteristics of LysargiNase provide a powerful tool for mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics research.

Targeting CAIX with [Cu]XYIMSR-06 Small Molecular Radiotracer Enables Noninvasive PET Imaging of Malignant Glioma in U87 MG Tumor Cell Xenograft Mice.

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An effective and noninvasive PET molecular imaging agent targeting CAIX would help its diagnosis and treatment but is not currently available. Recently, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) CAIX targeting agent, [Cu]XYIMSR-06, was reported to have significantly improved properties for targeting clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Inhibitor of IGF1 receptor alleviates the inflammation process in the diabetic kidney mouse model without activating SOCS2.

Objective: To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of IGF1R inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: C57/BL6 mice were reared with high-fat diet for 8 weeks, then were injected 30 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetes. After 8 weeks, the type 2 diabetes nephropathy model was successfully set up the different drugs were administrated to mice with diabetes (insulin 1-2 U/day, benazepril 10 mg/kg per day intragastrically, IGF-1R inhibitor 30 mg/kg per day intragastrically).

Different Erythrocyte MicroRNA Profiles in Low- and High-Altitude Individuals.

The number of red blood cells (RBCs) increases significantly in response to high-altitude hypoxic environments, and the RBC microRNA (miRNA) expression pattern is similar to that in whole blood. Studies have shown that miRNA in plasma can act as a circulating hypoxia-associated marker, but the effect of a high-altitude hypoxic environment on RBC-derived miRNAs has not yet been reported. Blood samples were collected from 20 Han Chinese individuals residing at 500 m (Sichuan Han), 10 migrant Han Chinese citizens residing at 3,658 m (Tibet Han) and 12 native Tibetans, and RBC indices measurements and miRNA sequencing analyses were performed for the three sample groups.

MiRNA-BD: an evidence-based bioinformatics model and software tool for microRNA biomarker discovery.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with the potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In the era of big data and biomedical informatics, computer-aided biomarker discovery has become the current frontier. However, most of the computational models are highly dependent on specific prior knowledge and training-testing procedures, very few are mechanism-guided or evidence-based.

Translational Bioinformatics for Cholangiocarcinoma: Opportunities and Challenges.

Translational bioinformatics is becoming a driven force and a new scientific paradigm for cancer research in the era of big data. To promote the cross-disciplinary communication and research, we take cholangiocarcinoma as an example to review the present status and the future perspectives of the bioinformatics models applied in cancer study. We first summarize the present application of computational methods to the study of cholangiocarcinoma ranged from pattern recognition of biological data, knowledge based data annotation to systems biological level modeling and clinical translation.

Biomarker microRNAs for prostate cancer metastasis: screened with a network vulnerability analysis model.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a fatal malignant tumor among males in the world and the metastasis is a leading cause for PCa death. Biomarkers are therefore urgently needed to detect PCa metastatic signature at the early time. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with the potential to be biomarkers for disease prediction.