Systemic glucocorticoid prescriptions pattern and factors of inappropriate use in primary care institutions of Southwest China.

Background: Inappropriate use of glucocorticoids in primary care institutions is serious. It not only causes economic burden, but leads to many adverse reactions. The purpose of this study is to explore systemic glucocorticoid prescription pattern and factors of inappropriate use in primary care institutions.

Real-world implementation of dolutegravir plus lamivudine in people living with HIV in Southwest China.

Background: Long-term outcome data from real-world studies on the implementation of a two-drug dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG+3TC) regimen for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remain limited. This study evaluated the real-world effectiveness and safety of DTG+3TC in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Southwestern China.

Methods: This was an observational, single-center, retrospective study that enrolled antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve (n = 36) and ART-experienced patients with HIV (n = 86) between January 2019 and April 2021.

An Albumin-Enriched Nanocomplex Achieves Systemic Delivery of Clopidogrel Bisulfate to Ameliorate Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

Herein, an albumin-enriched nanocomplex was developed for the solubilization and intravascular administration of clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP). In particular, CLP nanoparticles (HS-CLP-NPs) were synthesized via an improved nab-technology method using Solutol HS-15, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was further enriched on the nanoparticle surface forming a protein corona (BH-CLP-NPs). BH-CLP-NPs displayed an average size of 163.

Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment of the Karst Plateau Wetland of Yangtze River Basin, Southwestern China.

In this study, the occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of 40 commonly used antibiotics, including 15 sulfonamides (SAs), 9 fluoroquinolones (FQs), 7 macrolides (MCs), 3 tetracyclines (TCs), 2 chloramphenicols (CAPs), and 4 other categories, in the aquatic environment of the karst plateau wetland Caohai of the Yangtze River basin in southwestern China are reported. In total, 27 antibiotics were detected, with the detection rate ranging from 5% to 100%. The total concentration at each site ranged from 21.

Efficacy and Safety of Voriconazole Versus Amphotericin B Deoxycholate Induction Treatment for HIV-Associated Talaromycosis: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study in China.

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend amphotericin B as the preferred drug for induction therapy; however, amphotericin B is not available in certain settings. Induction therapy with amphotericin B deoxycholate or voriconazole has been shown to be an effective treatment for talaromycosis. However, prospective clinical trials comparing these two antifungal drugs are absent from the literature.

Association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype and diabetes mellitus/hypertension: a molecular study.

Background: A paucity of studies focused on the genetic association that tuberculosis (TB) patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are more likely to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with more potent virulence on anti-TB drug resistance than those without NCDs. The study aimed to document the predominant genotype, determine the association between MTB genotypes and NCD status and drug resistance.

Methods: We conducted a molecular study in 105 TB patients based on a cross-sectional study focused on the comorbid relationship between chronic conditions and TB among 1773 subjects from September 1, 2019 to August 30, 2020 in Guizhou, China.

Hyperuricemia is Related to the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Ethnic Chinese Elderly Women.

Background: The association between hyperuricemia (HUA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is not fully elucidated.

Objective: To assess the relationship according to factors of sex and age in the Chinese ethnic groups.

Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study in a multi-ethnic population from southwestern China.

Yield, NNS and prevalence of screening for DM and hypertension among pulmonary tuberculosis index cases and contacts through single time screening: A contact tracing-based study.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are catastrophic illnesses that collectively lead to increased mortality and premature death. However, the size of the problem and the appropriate approach to deal with the burden is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the yield, number needed to screen (NNS) to prevent one death or adverse event for screening DM and hypertension and assess the prevalence and contributors to DM and/or hypertension.

Bedaquiline-containing regimens in patients with pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China: focus on the safety.

Background: World Health Organization recommends countries introducing new drug and short treatment regimen for drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) should develop and implement a system for active pharmacovigilance that allows for detection, reporting and management of adverse events. The aim of the study is to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events (AEs) of bedaquiline-containing regimen in a cohort of Chinese patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB based on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) system of New Drug Introduction and Protection Program (NDIP).

Methods: AEs were prospectively collected with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical data from 54 sites throughout China at patient enrollment and during treatment between February, 2018 and December, 2019.

Household financial burden among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Guizhou province, China: A cross-sectional study.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) threatens global public health. Poor access to health care due to financial hardship contributes to further transmission of the disease. The study aimed to:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 hospitals designated for MDR-TB from January to August 2018.

Six-Year Immunologic Recovery and Virological Suppression of HIV Patients on LPV/r-Based Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment: A Multi-Center Real-World Cohort Study in China.

The World Health Organization guidelines recommend lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) as a second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected adults in middle-income and low-income countries as a protease inhibitor boost based on clinical trials; however, the real-world safety and efficacy remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a large-scale, multicenter retrospective cohort study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LPV/r-based ART among HIV-infected adults in China in whom first-line therapy failed. The data were obtained from a national database covering 17 clinics in China for six years of follow-up from 2009 to 2016.

Drug Non-Adherence And Reasons Among Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients In Guizhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Treatment interruption and incorrect dosage for measuring drug non-adherence have seldom been studied in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. This study aimed to 1) estimate the overall and drug-specific incidence of short (≤14 days) and serious (>14 days) treatment interruption among MDR-TB patients, 2) identify main reasons and predictors for serious interruption, and 3) document the level of agreement of classification for incorrect drug dosage between self-report and pill count.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study combining hospital-based interviews and home-based pill count was conducted from January to June 2018.

Surgery in patients with small cell lung cancer: A period propensity score matching analysis of the Seer database, 2010-2015.

Surgery as a therapeutic modality for non-small cell lung cancer is widely accepted in clinical practice. However, the role of surgery for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains controversial. Therefore, in the present study a period propensity score matching analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Registry database was performed to investigate the role of surgery on survival in patients with SCLC.

The Double Burdens of Mental Health Among AIDS Patients With Fully Successful Immune Restoration: A Cross-Sectional Study of Anxiety and Depression in China.

Anxiety and depression continue to be significant comorbidities for people with HIV infection. We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with anxiety and depression among adult HIV-infected patients across China. In this cross-sectional study, we described clinical and psychosocial variables related to depression and anxiety in 4103 HIV-infected persons.

Compensatory hyperhidrosis after different surgeries at the same sympathetic levels: a meta-analysis.

Background: Different techniques of video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathetic surgery have become the radical treatments for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis (AH). However, there is no consensus over which technique can make a minimal incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH). This study was designed to compare the incidence of CH after different techniques at the same sympathetic levels in the treatment of upper limb and facial hyperhidrosis (FH).

Complete Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Strains Isolated in Guiyang, China.

We identified the genome sequences of two isolates. They were resistant to rifampin and isoniazid, as determined by the agar proportion method, but were susceptible to isoniazid, as determined by the DNA array method. The genome sequences showed that a deletion led to the false diagnosis of isoniazid resistance by DNA array.