The Molecular Mechanism Investigation of HBP-A Slows Down Meniscus Hypertrophy and Mineralisation by the Damage Mechanical Model.

HBP-A is the main active component of a traditional Chinese medicine Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule, for the remarkable treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to elucidate the ameliorative effect of HBP-A on meniscus hypertrophy and mineralisation in KOA and the molecular mechanism of its action. An Hartley guinea pig model of KOA that underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and a model of rat primary meniscus fibrochondrocytes (PMFs) were used to investigate the ameliorative effect of HBP-A on meniscal hypertrophy and calcification and its signal transduction mechanism of action.

Topological Superconductivity in Heavily Doped Single-Layer Graphene.

The existence of superconductivity (SC) appears to be established in both twisted and nontwisted graphene multilayers. However, whether their building block, single-layer graphene (SLG), can also host SC remains an open question. Earlier theoretical works predicted that SLG could become a chiral -wave superconductor driven by electronic interactions when doped to its van Hove singularity, but questions such as whether the -wave SC survives the strong band renormalizations seen in experiments, its robustness against the source of doping, or if it will occur at any reasonable critical temperature () have remained difficult to answer, in part due to uncertainties in model parameters.

[Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine mortality].

Although the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine is lifesaving through decades, it has been voiced that the vaccine is associated with 50% increase in mortality, an alleged negative non-specific vaccine effect prone to girls. Post hoc analyses of historical observational data supporting the hypothesis of the DTP vaccine having detrimental effects have never been replicated in low- or high-income countries. An RCT in Guinea-Bissau found fewer deaths with DTP vaccine than without.

Analysis of tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Introduction: We analyzed trends in the tracheal, bronchial, and lung (TBL) cancer disease burdens attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Material And Methods: Based on the results of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, we calculated and analyzed the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates and death rates of TBL cancer attributable to total and four individual risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate and death rate of TBL cancer only attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution increased globally, and in all Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintiles, except for high SDI quintiles.

Impact of microbial diversity on inflammatory cytokines and respiratory pattern measured in whole-body plethysmography in guinea pig models.

Objective: This study investigates the breathing patterns and immune status of guinea pigs raised under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions compared to conventionally bred (CON).

Methods: Breathing pattern parameters were assessed using whole-body plethysmography (WBP) during quiet breathing and saline nebulisation. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed for white blood cell, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4).

A new species of Nactus gecko from boulder-pile habitat on Dauan Island, Torres Strait, Australia.

The Torres Strait Islands lie between Cape York Peninsula, north-east Australia, and the southern coast of Papua New Guinea. The vertebrate fauna of these islands is a relatively depauperate mix of Australian and New Guinean species, with only two endemic species described to date. Here we describe a new species of Nactus gecko discovered during a targeted survey of Dauan Island in the northern Torres Strait.

New species of Gehyra (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Papua New Guinea.

I describe four new species of Gehyra from New Guinea and immediately adjacent islands. Two of these are giant species that have long been misassigned to either G. vorax or G.

A new species of treefrog (Litoria: Pelodryadidae) from the karstic South-fold Mountains of New Guinea.

The frog fauna of New Guinea is exceptionally diverse but very poorly known. Here we describe a new species of pelodryadid treefrog that is currently known only from two specimens from a single site in Hela Province in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Genetic data show that the new species is closely related to the torrent-breeding species Litoria angiana (Boulenger, 1915) from which it can be readily distinguished by its more slender body and limbs, relatively long forelimbs, and aspects of body colouration and tuberculation.

New species and records of Paraphloeostiba Steel, 1960 and Xanthonomus Bernhauer, 1926 from the eastern Palaearctic, Oriental and Papuan regions (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae).

New taxonomic and faunistic data for nine species of Paraphloeostiba Steel, 1960 and one species of Xanthonomus Bernhauer, 1926 (X. guineensis Shavrin, 2024) from the eastern Palaearctic, Oriental and Papuan regions are provided. Three new species of Paraphloeostiba are described and illustrated: P.

On the little-known comb-footed spider genus Audifia Keyserling, 1884 (Araneae, Theridiidae).

The spider genus Audifia Keyserling, 1884 currently comprises three described species, two species from Brazil and one from Guinea-Bissau and Congo. In this paper the male of an Audifia species is illustrated for the first time and new records are presented for the genus. Audifia laevithorax Keyserling, 1884 is recorded for the first time from Bolivia, and new record from Amazonia, Brazil is reported.

A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea.

The Hoary Bat Chalinolobus nigrogriseus is the only species of the genus known from the island of New Guinea. A new species of Chalinolobus from Papua New Guinea is described based on DNA sequence and morphological criteria using material previously assigned to C. nigrogriseus.

Scratching the surface of Afrotropical Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae): a revision uncovering 114 new species.

The main goal of this paper is to revise the Dissomphalus genus within the Afrotropical region. Specimens were collected across seventeen countries: Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. A total of 127 species have been identified in the Afrotropical region.

Revision of the genus Trichophallus Ingrisch, 1998 with notes on the genera Secsiva Walker, 1869 and Subrioides C.Willemse, 1966 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae: Agraeciini).

The Papuan genus Trichophallus Ingrisch, 1998, mainly found in New Guinea and some neighbouring Islands is revised. The study is based on historical but formerly unworked specimens found in museum collections of North America, Europe, and Indonesia. The differentiation between the genus Trichophallus and the superficially similar genera Subria Stål, 1874, Secsiva Walker, 1869, and Subrioides C.

A new species of narrow-banded Cyrtodactylus (Gekkonidae) from northern New Guinea.

We describe a new species of Cyrtodactylus from the northern lowlands and foothills of mainland New Guinea. Cyrtodactylus mamberamo sp. nov.

On the Ciidae (Coleoptera) described by Michio Chûjô deposited in the Natural History Museum of Denmark.

The Japanese entomologist Michio Chûjô described five Ciidae species collected during the Danish "Noona Dan" Expedition in 1961-62 to the southern Philippines and the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. We had access to images of their holotypes deposited in the Natural History Museum of Denmark and concluded that some taxonomic changes are necessary to better position them within the currently recognized Ciidae genera. The following new combinations are proposed: Ditrichocis mussauense (Chûjô, 1966) comb.

Contribution to the knowledge of the Anthicidae Latreille, 1819 (Coleoptera) of the Solomon Archipelago with notes on some Indo-Pacific Sapintus Casey, 1895.

Anthicidae of the Solomon Archipelago, comprising the nation of the Solomon Islands and the Autonomous Region of Bougainville of Papua New Guinea, are assessed based on published records and new data. An annotated checklist and distribution maps of the Solomon Archipelago anthicids are presented. Sapintus francoisi (Pic, 1902) stat.

Two anomalous new species of Rhagovelia (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from southern New Guinea.

Two new species of Rhagovelia are described from southern New Guinea: R. kiunga from the Fly River basin of Papua New Guinea, and R. timikana from the Iweka River basin of Indonesian New Guinea.

A review of Malipatilius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae), with a checklist of Lygaeoidea occurring in the Papuan Subregion.

The genus Malipatilius Kondorosy, 2013 is redescribed, 8 new species are described (M. batantensis sp. nov.

Discovery of Elytrurini in Wallacea with a description of Exophthalmida elytrodon sp. nov. from Morotai Island (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae).

This study presents the first record of the weevil tribe Elytrurini in Wallacea with the discovery and description of a new species, Exophthalmida elytrodon Yunakov, Bollino, Pancini and Anderson sp. nov., from Morotai Island.

Rhinoceromyia, a peculiar new genus of long-legged flies from Guinea (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Dolichopodinae).

The genus Rhinoceromyia Grichanov gen. nov. is described from the tropical forest of southeastern Guinea to accommodate a new species, Rhinoceromyia dubrovskii Grichanov sp.

A taxonomic review of Sueus Murayama, 1951 ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Hyorrhynchini) aided by molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Four Sueus Murayama, 1951 species occur in Southeast Asia and Oceania. They all likely have a female-biased haplodiploid inbreeding mating system and feed on symbiotic ambrosia fungi. These life history traits increase the potential of adventive events.

Checklists of extant harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) species for all the countries of the world.

This study presents a comprehensive survey of the extant diversity of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones), a pivotal taxon for biogeography and conservation studies, across Earth's geopolitical entities (here treated as "countries"). The rationale for recognizing more than 200 of these countries lato sensu worldwide is provided. The four most diverse of these countries are here further subdivided in states/provinces resulting in over 300 controlled vocabulary terms (geographic areas that contain harvestman records).