169,764 results match your criteria: "Guinea; Research and Valorization Center on Medicinal Plants Dubreka[Affiliation]"

Most neural models produce a spiking output and often represent the stochastic nature of the spike generation process via a stochastic output. Nonspiking neural models, on the other hand, predict the probability of a spike occurring in response to a stimulus. We propose a nonspiking model for an electrically stimulated auditory nerve fiber, which not only predicts the total probability of a spike occurring in response to a biphasic pulse but also the distribution of the spike time.

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  • - Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) is a leading cause of child mortality globally, particularly affecting children in Papua New Guinea (PNG) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • - Researchers conducted whole-exome sequencing on children in PNG and found a specific genetic variant (a single-nucleotide variant in the COQ6 gene) that is linked to higher morbidity from ALRI, with evidence from both human and mouse studies supporting its role.
  • - The COQ6 variant plays a significant role in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone and impacts how the immune system responds to infections, highlighting a new genetic risk factor for pneumonia in PNG and the enzyme's involvement in inflammatory responses.
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Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid mediator, was discovered in 1972 as an inducer of platelet aggregation. Subsequent studies have revealed that PAF has a variety of biological functions, such as its role as a potent proinflammatory mediator. Additionally, PAF regulates the contractile functions of various types of smooth muscle (SM), such as the (1) endothelium-dependent relaxation of vascular SM; (2) contraction and epithelium-dependent relaxation of airway SM; (3) contraction of gastrointestinal SM; and (4) contraction of uterine SM, which occurs more strongly in pregnant females.

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CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells are required for protection against severe guinea pig cytomegalovirus infections.

PLoS Pathog

November 2024

Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus and the leading cause of infectious disease related birth defects worldwide. How the immune response modulates the risk of intrauterine transmission of HCMV after maternal infection remains poorly understood. Maternal T cells likely play a critical role in preventing infection at the maternal-fetal interface and limiting spread across the placenta, but concerns exist that immune responses to infection may also cause placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Epilepsy is a significant public health problem. More than 50 million people worldwide live with epilepsy, and over three-quarters of them are in low- and middle-income countries. The situation in Chad regarding people with epilepsy is challenging to assess, starting from the shortage of scientific data, the inadequacy of technical facilities, the lack of human resources, and the inadequacy of government action.

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  • The increase in bacterial genomic data has led to the discovery of new bacteria and improved understanding of existing ones, particularly their classifications.
  • This review highlights new gastrointestinal bacteria found in various animals, including honeybees and domestic pets like guinea pigs, cats, cows, and goats.
  • Additionally, it notes important nomenclature changes in 2023 that impact species associated with health issues in domestic rabbits.
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Establishment of CD1b-restricted immunity to lipid antigens in the pulmonary response to infection.

Infect Immun

December 2024

Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

CD1 is an antigen-presenting glycoprotein homologous to MHC I; however, CD1 proteins present lipid rather than peptide antigens. CD1 proteins are well established to present lipid antigens of (Mtb) to T cells, but understanding the role of CD1-restricted immunity in response to Mtb infection has been limited by the availability of animal models naturally expressing the CD1 proteins implicated in human response: CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c. Guinea pigs, in contrast to other rodent models, express four CD1b orthologs, and here we utilize the guinea pig to establish the kinetics of gene and protein expression of CD1b orthologs, as well as the Mtb lipid-antigen and CD1b-restricted immune response at the tissue level over the course of Mtb infection.

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Impact of CD4 T lymphocytes on the cellular and molecular milieu of the vaginal mucosa following HSV-2 challenge of immune guinea pigs.

Virology

October 2023

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0436, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0436, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0436, USA. Electronic address:

CD4 and CD8 tissue resident memory cells (TRM) express many shared anti-viral activities upon re-exposure to virus. CD4 T cells were depleted from HSV-immune guinea pigs to identify CD4-dependent functions in the vaginal mucosa following HSV-2 challenge. The incidence of animals shedding HSV-2 fell rapidly after challenge in control animals but remained significantly higher through day four post infection in CD4-depleted animals.

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Papua New Guinea lacks data characterising the sexual health needs of younger key populations (KP): female sex workers (FSW) and commercially and sexually exploited girls (CSE), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women (TGW). Biobehavioural surveys among KP were conducted in three cities. We conducted unweighted and weighted analysis for sample and population proportions, respectively.

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On the phase consistency of apical organ of Corti vibrations.

Hear Res

December 2024

Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address:

Low-frequency hearing is critically important for speech and music perception. However, technical and anatomical limitations previously made it difficult to study the mechanics of the low-frequency parts of the cochlea, but this changed with the introduction of optical coherence tomography vibrometry. With this technique, sound-evoked vibration can be measured from the apex of a fully intact cochlea.

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  • - The study examines the prevalence of arboviruses in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting their ongoing public health threat and the importance of seroprevalence surveys for informing interventions in the absence of vaccines and treatments.
  • - A comprehensive analysis reviewed 165 studies involving over 186,000 participants across 27 countries from 2000 to 2022, revealing varied seroprevalence rates for several arboviruses, with Chikungunya and dengue showing the highest rates at 23.7% and 22.7%, respectively.
  • - The findings indicate considerable differences in seroprevalence based on factors like country, population demographics, age groups, and laboratory techniques, emphasizing the need for tailored public
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Fish community composition in the tropical archipelago of São Tomé and Príncipe.

PLoS One

November 2024

Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom.

Understanding species distribution across habitats and environmental variables is important to inform area-based management. However, observational data are often lacking, particularly from developing countries, hindering effective conservation design. One such data-poor area is the Gulf of Guinea, an understudied and biodiverse region where coastal waters play a critical role in coastal livelihoods.

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Introduction: Malaria poses a serious issue for pregnant women in African regions. It is crucial to comprehend the various factors that impact receiving IPTp during ANC checkups. These are important for the well-being of both pregnant mothers and their unborn children.

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Human admixture history is rarely a simple process in which distinct populations, previously isolated for a long time, come into contact once to form an admixed population. In this study, we aim to reconstruct the complex admixture histories of the population of São Tomé, an island in the Gulf of Guinea that was the site of the first slave-based plantation economy, and experienced successive waves of forced and deliberate migration from Africa. We examined 2.

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The study of research proposes a systematic pattern for optimization and fabrication of a sustainable-cost effective electrochemical sensor made by Bi-CdFeO (BCDF) nanoparticle and graphite powder. The structural examinations of synthesized BCDF materials were analyzed by specific spectral techniques viz.; P-XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, XPS, FT-IR and DRS techniques.

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  • - The case involves a patient from Guinea-Conakry who was diagnosed with a pulmonary infection caused by Schistosoma mansoni, a type of parasitic worm.
  • - Key indicators for diagnosis included high eosinophil counts in the blood, positive tests for antibodies, and the presence of multiple nodules in the lungs, despite negative stool and urine tests for the parasite.
  • - Ultimately, the diagnosis was confirmed using a specific serum PCR test, which detects the genetic material of the parasite.
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We construct a new metapopulation model for the transmission dynamics and control of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in an environment characterized by considerable migrations and travels of people. It is an extended SEIR model modified by the addition of Quarantine and Isolated compartments to account for travelers who undergo the exit screening. The model is well-fitted by using the reported cases from the neighboring countries Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone where the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak simultaneously arose.

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The expansion of VapBC TA systems in M. tuberculosis has been linked with its fitness and survival upon exposure to stress conditions. Here, we have functionally characterized VapBC13 and VapBC26 TA modules of M.

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  • - The study aimed to analyze antibiotic prescribing practices for children under 5 in West African countries using the WHO AWaRe classification, covering data from 15,854 outpatient visits at public primary health centers.
  • - Results showed high rates of antibiotic prescriptions among neonates and young infants, with percentages ranging from 59% to 83% across Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, and Niger, and about 93% of prescribed antibiotics being first-choice treatments, mainly amoxicillin.
  • - Conclusions indicate that while high numbers of antibiotics were prescribed, the appropriateness of these prescriptions—and the potential need for further evaluation—remains important, with a minimum threshold of 60% met for the recommended categories in each country. *
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Objective: To assess the socioeconomic inequality in postnatal care (PNC) utilisation and its contributors among women in 14 sub-Saharan African countries with high maternal mortality.

Design: Community-based cross-sectional study using Demographic Health Survey SETTING: Africa countries with the highest maternal mortality ratio (14 countries) PARTICIPANTS: All women who had given birth within 2 years prior to the survey (n=64 912) PRIMARY OUTCOMES: Postnatal care utilisation RESULTS: The percentage of women who had PNC utilisation was lowest in Ethiopia (23.4%: 95% CI: 22.

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An archaic HLA class I receptor allele diversifies natural killer cell-driven immunity in First Nations peoples of Oceania.

Cell

November 2024

Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Genetic variation in immune responses, particularly related to HLA and KIR genes, influences how First Nations peoples are affected by infectious diseases.
  • HLA-A24:02 and the KIR3DL1 receptor have evolved in First Nations populations, showcasing a significant adaptation through natural selection.
  • The KIR3DL1114 allele, unique to Oceania, demonstrates a strong interaction with HLA-A24:02, which enhances immune response, thus highlighting the importance of immunogenetic studies in understanding disease susceptibility.
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Objective: To describe the complications, surgical outcome, and prognosis associated with cystotomies in guinea pigs.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of guinea pigs undergoing cystotomy for uroliths or urethroliths between 2010 and 2023.

Results: 25 guinea pigs were included in the study.

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Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of seminal vesiculitis with nonmineral stones in a guinea pig: Case report.

Vet Radiol Ultrasound

January 2025

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Campus de Pirassununga FZEA, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.

This case report refers to a 1-year-old Guinea pig showing signs of anorexia and antipain posture. On abdominal radiography, five rounded mineral opaque structures were evident in the mid-caudal abdomen. On ultrasound, a right seminal vesicle with a reduction in diameter was observed, containing less echogenic material than the contralateral one, with five oval structures with a hyperechogenic contour and a central hypoechogenic area, forming acoustic shadowing.

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SPATEs promote the survival of to the plasma complement system upon local hemorrhage and bacteremia.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

November 2024

Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Strasbourg 67000, France.

spp. are the causative agents of shigellosis, which remains a leading cause of death in children under the age of 5. Symptoms of shigellosis include bloody diarrhea, associated to colon hemorrhage; in more severe cases bacteremia is induced.

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