Effect of baking on the flavor stability of green tea beverages.

Flavor stability is important for the quality of tea beverages. Baking is a typical processing technology to improve the flavor of tea leaves. In present study, seven raw tea materials, including steamed spring and autumn tea leaves, pan-fired spring tea leaves, and their corresponding baked tea leaves, were used to investigate the effect of baking on flavor stability of green tea beverages.

Effects of Overexpression on Solanesol Content, Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Metabolome of .

solanesyl diphosphate synthase 1 (NtSPS1) is the key enzyme in solanesol biosynthesis. However, changes in the solanesol content, plant growth, photosynthesis, and metabolome of tobacco plants after overexpression (OE) have not been previously reported. In the present study, these parameters, as well as photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, were compared between OE and wild type (WT) lines of tobacco.

Reduced toxicity of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol and de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol through deoxynivalenol bacterial biotransformation: In vivo analysis in piglets.

Ingestion of deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of cereals, leads to adverse effects for animal and human health. Bacterial biotransformation is a strategy to mitigate the toxicity of this mycotoxin. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of two bacterial biotranformation products of DON: 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON) and de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) through zootechnical, hematological, histological and immunological assays.

Dynamics of antioxidant activities, metabolites, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic biosynthetic genes in germinating Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia).

In this study, the antioxidant activity of germinating Chinese wild rice was found to decline initially, after which it increased. The largest difference in antioxidant activity was observed between the 36-h (G36) and the 120-h germination (G120) stage. We further assessed the dynamic changes in metabolites, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic biosynthetic genes in germinating Chinese wild rice.

Chemical composition, sensory properties and bioactivities of Castanopsis lamontii buds and mature leaves.

Castanopsis lamontii is used as functional herbal tea in southwest China. Usually, only buds rather than mature leaves are applied. To figure out whether mature leaves were suitable for producing herbal tea, chemical composition, sensory properties and bioactivities of Castanopsis lamontii bud infusion (CLB) and mature leaf infusion (CLM) were investigated.

Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anticoagulant Activity of Acidic Polysaccharides from -.

To explore polysaccharides (AAP) as natural anticoagulants for application in the functional food industry, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized for the extraction of AAP by using a response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum extraction yield of crude AAP (14.74 mg/g) was obtained at the optimized extraction parameters as follows: Extraction temperature (74 °C), extraction time (27 min), the ratio of liquid to raw material (103 mL/g), and ultrasound power (198 W).

Ochratoxin A induces liver inflammation: involvement of intestinal microbiota.

Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread mycotoxin and induces liver inflammation to human and various species of animals. The intestinal microbiota has critical importance in liver inflammation; however, it remains to know whether intestinal microbiota mediates the liver inflammation induced by OTA. Here, we treated ducklings with oral gavage of OTA (235 μg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks.

Recovery of High Value-Added Nutrients from Fruit and Vegetable Industrial Wastewater.

The industrial processing water of fruit and vegetables has raised serious environmental concerns due to the presence of many important bioactive compounds being disposed in the wastewater. Bioactive compounds have great potential for the food industry to optimize their process and to recover these compounds in order to develop value-added products and to reduce environmental impacts. However, to achieve this goal, some challenges need to be addressed such as safety assurance, technology request, product regulations, cost effectiveness, and customer factors.

Fermentation of flaxseed cake increases its nutritional value and utilization in ducklings.

Flaxseed cake (FSC) is a potential alternative feed source in poultry. However, cyanogenetic glycosides limit its widespread use in feed. In this study, we optimized the parameters of fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis and compared the growth performance, serum lipid parameters, and organ indexes of Cherry Valley duckling feed with unfermented FSC (UFSC) or fermented FSC (FFSC).

iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the accumulation of bioactive compounds in Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia) during germination.

Polyphenols and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulate during seed germination, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the accumulation of these bioactive compounds in Chinese wild rice during germination. The greatest differences in the phenolic content were at 36-h (G36) and 120-h germination (G120) stages.

A comparative UHPLC-QqQ-MS-based metabolomics approach for evaluating Chinese and North American wild rice.

Wild rice (Zizania spp.) is considered by many consumers to be a health-promoting food. The perennial Z.

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl. reduced energy status and ATPase activity and its relation to disease development and pericarp browning of harvested longan fruit.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl (L.

Improvement of the Fourier Transform Near Infrared Method to Evaluate Extra Virgin Olive Oils by Analyzing 1,2-Diacylglycerols and 1,3-Diacylglycerols and Adding Unesterified Fatty Acids.

Extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) command higher prices because they contain health-promoting nutrients and desirable sensory characteristics. Many targeted methods have limited success in determining olive oil authenticity. Therefore, attention has been paid to rapid spectroscopic methods that provide the composition of multiple components.

RNA Sequencing Provides Insights into the Regulation of Solanesol Biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum Induced by Moderately High Temperature.

Solanesol is a terpene alcohol composed of nine isoprene units that mainly accumulates in solanaceous plants, especially tobacco (). The present study aimed to investigate the regulation of solanesol accumulation in tobacco leaves induced by moderately high temperature (MHT). Exposure to MHT resulted in a significant increase in solanesol content, dry weight, and net photosynthetic rate in tobacco leaves.

A novel chitosan formulation treatment induces disease resistance of harvested litchi fruit to Peronophythora litchii in association with ROS metabolism.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a novel chitosan formulation (Kadozan) treatment on disease development, response of disease resistance, metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Peronophthora litchii-inoculated "Wuye" litchis. Compared with P. litchii-inoculated litchis, Kadozan-treated P.

In vitro assessment of oat β-glucans nutritional properties: An inter-laboratory methodology evaluation.

The purpose of this inter-laboratory study was to test the repeatability and reproducibility of an in vitro method aimed at analyzing the physicochemical properties under physiological conditions of β-glucans from foods. After evaluating β-glucans molar mass and quantification methods using five β-glucan controls, four laboratories ran six oat-based products through in vitro digestion, measured β-glucans solubility and viscosity and molar mass of solubilized β-glucans. The determination of the molar mass of β-glucan controls, their viscosity in solution and β-glucans content in food samples exhibited relative standard reproducibility of 20.

Chi-Induced Disease Development and Pericarp Browning of Harvested Longan Fruit in Association With Energy Metabolism.

Longan fruit is a popular subtropical fruit with a relatively short shelf life at room temperature mainly due to pericarp browning and fungal infection. This study aimed to investigate the infection of Chi in longan fruit and its effects on the storability and shelf life of longan fruit. The relationship between the energy metabolism of harvested longan fruit and disease development and pericarp browning was elucidated.

Morphological Characteristics, Nutrients, and Bioactive Compounds of , and Health Benefits of Its Seeds.

(tribe Oryzeae Dum., subfamily Oryzoideae Care, family Gramineae) is native to East Asian countries. The seeds of (Chinese wild rice) have been consumed as a cereal in China for >3000 years.

Chi-Induced Changes in Activities of Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes and Contents of Cell Wall Components in Pericarp of Harvested Longan Fruit and Its Relation to Disease Development.

The main goal of this study was to investigate the influences of Chi infection on activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), and contents of cell wall components in pericarp of harvested "Fuyan" longan ( Lour. cv. Fuyan) fruit and its relation to disease development.

The microstructure of starchy food modulates its digestibility.

Starch is the main carbohydrate in human nutrition and shows a range of desired food properties. It has been demonstrated that fast digestion of starchy food can induce many health issues (e.g.

Pectin from Citrus Canning Wastewater as Potential Fat Replacer in Ice Cream.

Pectin had been recovered from canning wastewater produced by chemical treatment of segment membrane during preparation of canned citrus in our previous research. The purpose of this study was to characterize the extracted pectin from canning wastewater, and to evaluate its application as a fat alternative to replace fat in ice cream. The monosaccharide composition and rheological properties of the pectin were determined.

Effects of a novel chitosan formulation treatment on quality attributes and storage behavior of harvested litchi fruit.

The effects of Kadozan (a novel chitosan formulation) treatment on physiological attribute, nutritional quality and storage behavior of harvested "Wuye" litchi fruit were studied. Compared with control litchis, Kadozan treatment significantly decreased fruit respiration rate, retarded the increase of pericarp cell membrane permeability, maintained higher contents of anthocyanins and flavonoids and higher values of L, a and b in litchi pericarp, and reduced the decreases of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, and vitamin C contents in litchi pulp, maintaining better quality of litchis. Furthermore, Kadozan treatment decreased browning index and disease index of litchis, kept higher rate of commercially acceptable fruit, and reduced fruit weight loss, showing better storage behavior of litchis under ambient temperature.

Quality development and main chemical components of Tieguanyin oolong teas processed from different parts of fresh shoots.

The Tieguanyin oolong tea is popular in China. However, the quality development and chemical change during processing were still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the chemical compositions and quality of Tieguanyin oolong teas processed from different leaves of fresh shoots.

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl.-induced disease development and pericarp browning of harvested longan fruit in association with membrane lipids metabolism.

Effects of Lasiodiplodia theobromae inoculation on disease development, pericarp browning and membrane lipids metabolism of harvested "Fuyan" longan fruit were studied. Compared with control fruit, L. theobromae-inoculated longans showed higher fruit disease index, pericarp browning index and cell membrane permeability, as well as higher activities of phospholipase D, lipase and lipoxygenase.

Application of propyl gallate alleviates pericarp browning in harvested longan fruit by modulating metabolisms of respiration and energy.

Effects of propyl gallate on metabolisms of respiration and energy of harvested 'Fuyan' longans and its relationship to pericarp browning were investigated. Compared to control longans, propyl gallate could reduce ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) activity, lower cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) activity during early-storage and mid-storage, increase NADK activity, elevate contents of NADP and NADPH, decrease contents of NAD and NADH, in addition, lower the decreases of ATP content and energy charge (E.C.