The Potential Protective Role of GS-441524, a Metabolite of the Prodrug Remdesivir, in Vaccine Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections.

Unlabelled: Cases of vaccine breakthrough, especially in variants of concern (VOCs) infections, are emerging in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Due to mutations of structural proteins (SPs) (e.g.

Significance and Potential Role of Eosinophils in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis is a complex and heterogeneous disease with a myriad of pulmonary and extrapulmonary etiologies. Bronchiectasis has a predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory profile. However, eosinophilic inflammation has also been documented in both the airways and the systemic circulation.

Diagnostic ability and its influenced factors of ultrasound-guided percutaneous pleural needle biopsy diagnosis for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly invasive malignant tumor. Ultrasound guidance has the advantages of real-time, convenience and nonradiative. We sought to identify diagnostic value and its influenced factors of ultrasound-guided percutaneous pleural needle biopsy (US-PPNB) for MPM.

A modified xanthine oxidase cell model for screening of antihyperuricemic functional compounds.

Hyperuricemia is a purine metabolism disorder, with increasing prevalence worldwide. Here, a high throughput cell model for screening of antihyperuricemic compounds was set up. Human kidney cells (HK2 cells) were stimulated with adenosine and the resulting supernatant and lysate were then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

The Effect of Strict Lockdown on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant Transmission in Shanghai.

Omicron, the current SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, is much more contagious than other previous variants. Whether strict lockdown could effectively curb the transmission of Omicron is largely unknown. In this retrospective study, we compared the strictness of government lockdown policies in Shanghai and other countries.

Comparison of 3 hyperuricemia mouse models and evaluation of food-derived anti-hyperuricemia compound with spontaneous hyperuricemia mouse model.

Hyperuricemia animal models have long been used for evaluating food-derived anti-hyperuricemia compounds. Fructose and potassium oxonate are commonly used for developing hyperuricemia mouse model. Recent research also developed spontaneous hyperuricemia model by uricase knockout (Uox).

Label-free sensing of virus-like particles below the sub-diffraction limit by wide-field photon state parametric imaging of a gold nanodot array.

A parallel four-quadrant sensing method utilizing a specially designed gold nanodot array is created for sensing virus-like particles with a sub-diffraction limit size (∼100 nm) in a wide-field image. Direct label-free sensing of viruses using multiple four-quadrant sensing channels in parallel in a wide-field view enables the possibility of high-throughput onsite screening of viruses.

Short-acting beta-2 agonist prescription patterns and clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with asthma: an observational study in mainland China for the SABINA programme.

Objectives: The SABINA CHINA study aimed to determine prescription data for asthma medication with a focus on SABA and ICS in a representative population of patients with asthma in China.

Methods: SABINA China was a multicentre, observational, cross-sectional study with data collected retrospectively from a convenience sample of 25 tertiary centres across China. Patients (age ⩾ 12 years) with ⩾3 consultations/year were enrolled.

Suppression of ACE2 SUMOylation protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection through TOLLIP-mediated selective autophagy.

In addition to investigating the virology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), discovering the host-virus dependencies are essential to identify and design effective antiviral therapy strategy. Here, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, ACE2, conjugates with small ubiquitin-like modifier 3 (SUMO3) and provide evidence indicating that prevention of ACE2 SUMOylation can block SARS-CoV-2 infection. E3 SUMO ligase PIAS4 prompts the SUMOylation and stabilization of ACE2, whereas deSUMOylation enzyme SENP3 reverses this process.

NF-κB-dependent repression of Sox18 transcription factor requires the epigenetic regulators histone deacetylases 1 and 2 in acute lung injury.

In acute lung injury (ALI), the NF-κB-mediated downregulation of Sox18 gene expression leads to the disruption of the pulmonary endothelial barrier. Previous studies have suggested that the action of NF-κB as a transcriptional repressor also requires the action of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate and further delineate the mechanism of Sox18 repression during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI.

A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial of Tobramycin Inhalation Solution in Adults With Bronchiectasis With Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection.

Background: Few large-scale studies have demonstrated the efficacy of tobramycin nebulization in bronchiectasis. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of nebulized tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS) in adults with bronchiectasis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Research Question: Can TIS effectively reduce sputum P aeruginosa density and improve the bronchiectasis-specific quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis with P aeruginosa infection?

Study Design And Methods: This was a phase 3, 16-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

The procedure and effectiveness of release maneuvers in tracheobronchial resection and reconstruction.

Background: Surgical resection and reconstruction are effective and radical treatments for tracheal tumors. Tension-free, well-perfused anastomosis plays a crucial role in postoperative prognosis. The use of various release maneuvers may be required to minimize anastomotic tension.

[Retracted] miR‑802 inhibits the aggressive behaviors of non‑small cell lung cancer cells by directly targeting FGFR1.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors' attention by a concerned reader that certain of the data panels showing results from flow cytometric experiments in Figs. 2D, 4D and 5D, and tumor images shown in Fig. 7A, were strikingly similar to data that had appeared in different form in other articles by different authors.

Allicin Facilitates Airway Surface Liquid Hydration by Activation of CFTR.

Airway epithelium plays critical roles in regulating airway surface liquid (ASL), the alteration of which causes mucus stasis symptoms. Allicin is a compound released from garlic and harbors the capacity of lung-protection. However, the potential regulatory effects of allicin on airway epithelium remain elusive.

Application value of joint NoSAS score and Epworth Sleepiness Scale for assessment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

Objective: By comparing the predictive value of the NoSAS (Neck circumference, Obesity, Snoring, Age and Sex) score combined with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), STOP-Bang Questionnaire (STOP-Bang), STOP Questionnaire (STOP) and Berlin Questionnaire (Berlin), the application value of the NoSAS score combined with ESS in screening Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the population is evaluated.

Method: 2560 suspected OSAHS patients visited the Sleep Medical Center of the First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between September 1, 2016 and October 31, 2020, and were monitored with a polysomnogram (PSG) after completing the NoSAS score, ESS, STOP-Bang, STOP and Berlin. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of each scale were calculated, and the accuracy in predicting OSAHS of the NoSAS score combined with ESS and each scale was analyzed.

Efficacy of heterologous boosting against SARS-CoV-2 using a recombinant interferon-armed fusion protein vaccine (V-01): a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled phase III trial.

Waning of neutralizing titres along with decline of protection efficacy after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccines was observed, including China-made inactivated vaccines. Efficacy of a heterologous boosting using one dose of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 fusion protein vaccine (V-01) in inactivated vaccine-primed population was studied, aimed to restore the immunity. A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled phase III trial was conducted in healthy people aged 18 years or older in Pakistan and Malaysia.

Impact of Smoking on Response to the First-Line Treatment of Advanced ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

The impact of smoking on the efficacy of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment is controversial and has not been systematically explored in the first-line setting. We performed a systematic review based on a pairwise meta-analysis and a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to address this issue. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Clinical-Trials.

Resection and reconstruction via median sternotomy incision for tracheal tumors.

Background: The tracheal tumor is a rare disease with low incidence in the upper airway. Surgical resection and reconstruction are effective and radical treatments for such conditions, but the approaches vary depending on the tumor location. The current report tends to illustrate the clinical practice and advantage of the median sternotomy approach for treating tracheal tumors.

The balance of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 determines the bias of MAIT1 versus MAIT17 responses during bacterial infection.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a major subset of innate-like T cells mediating protection against bacterial infection through recognition of microbial metabolites derived from riboflavin biosynthesis. Mouse MAIT cells egress from the thymus as two main subpopulations with distinct functions, namely, T-bet-expressing MAIT1 and RORγt-expressing MAIT17 cells. Previously, we reported that inducible T-cell costimulator and interleukin (IL)-23 provide essential signals for optimal MHC-related protein 1 (MR1)-dependent activation and expansion of MAIT17 cells in vivo.

Severity distribution and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: baseline results of an observational study.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receives low awareness and is undertreated in China. Understanding the burden and treatment of COPD across the nation is important for improving quality of care for this disease. This study aims to reveal the current situation of COPD severity distribution and management across China.