LncRNA LOC285194 modulates gastric carcinoma progression through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Emerging evidences have revealed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs') critical roles in diverse human carcinoma. Among these cancers, lncRNA LOC285194 has been extensively investigated in several types of carcinomas in the recent years. Nevertheless, the biological function, clinical relevance, and the influence of LOC285194 in gastric cancer (GC) are not fully understood.

Cantharidin suppresses gastric cancer cell migration/invasion by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via CCAT1.

Cantharidin (CTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that shows an anticancer effects in multiple types of cancer cells. However, the mechanism of CTD anti-cancer function in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanism that CTD inhibits proliferation and migration through suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling.

Prognostic implications of the BRAF-V600 mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma based on a new cut-off age stratification.

The BRAF-V600 mutation is the most common and specific oncogenic event known in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, it remains controversial whether there is an association between the BRAF-V600 mutation and clinicopathologically aggressive characteristics of PTC. The purpose of the present retrospective study was to investigate the significance of the BRAF-V600 mutation in predicting prognostic and aggressive clinicopathological characteristics according to a new age-based stratification.

LncRNA CR749391 acts as a tumor suppressor to upregulate KLF6 expression via interacting with miR-181a in gastric cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel regulators for post-transcriptional gene expression, and altered lncRNAs function and expression are associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression, although the biological functions of most lncRNAs in various cancer types and their underlying regulatory interactions have remained largely elusive. Our previous study identified microRNA (miR)-181a as a regulator of Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6). In the present study, a bioinformatical analysis was performed to identify the novel lncRNA CR749391 as a potential regulator of miR-181a that contains four putative binding sites.

Pro-Death or Pro-Survival: Contrasting Paradigms on Nanomaterial-Induced Autophagy and Exploitations for Cancer Therapy.

Autophagy is a critical lysosome-mediated cellular degradation process for the clearance of damaged organelles, obsolete proteins, and invading pathogens and plays important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases including cancer. While not a cell death process per se, autophagy is nevertheless intimately linked to a cell's live/die decision. Basal autophagy, operating constitutively at low levels in essentially every mammalian cell, is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis and promotes cell survival.

Scientific frontiers in faecal microbiota transplantation: joint document of Asia-Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) and Asia-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE).

Objective: The underlying microbial basis, predictors of therapeutic outcome and active constituent(s) of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) mediating benefit remain unknown. An international panel of experts presented key elements that will shape forthcoming FMT research and practice.

Design: Systematic search was performed, FMT literature was critically appraised and a 1-day round-table discussion was conducted to derive expert consensus on key issues in FMT research.

Immune checkpoint molecules. Possible future therapeutic implications in autoimmune diseases.

During host immune response, an initial and sufficient activation is required to avoid infection and cancer, yet an excessive activation bears the risk of autoimmune reactivity and disease development. This fastidious balance of the immune system is regulated by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, also known as immune checkpoints. Both excessive co-stimulation and insufficient co-inhibition can induce the activation and proliferation of autoreactive cells that may lead to the development of autoimmune diseases.

Are There Potential Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation beyond Intestinal Disorders?

Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is associated with various intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a type of fecal bacteriotherapy, is considered an effective therapeutic option for recurrent infection (rCDI) and also has important value in other intestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this review is to discuss promising therapeutic value in extraintestinal diseases associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, including liver, metabolic, chronic kidney, neuropsychiatric, allergic, autoimmune, and hematological diseases as well as tumors.

In situ repurposing of dendritic cells with CRISPR/Cas9-based nanomedicine to induce transplant tolerance.

Organ transplantation is the only effective method to treat end-stage organ failure. However, it is continuously plagued by immune rejection, which is mostly caused by T cell-mediated reactions. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, and blocking the costimulatory signaling molecule CD40 in DCs inhibits T cell activation and induces transplant tolerance.

Fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Parkinson's disease with constipation: A case report.

Rationale: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recognized as an emerging treatment through reconstruction of gut microbiota. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is accompanied by constipation. Here we first reported a patient with Parkinson's disease and constipation that were obviously relieved after FMT.

The Relationship Between ZEB1-AS1 Expression and the Prognosis of Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy.

Long noncoding RNA ZEB1 antisense RNA 1 plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the role of ZEB1 antisense RNA 1 in gastric cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression level of ZEB1 antisense RNA 1 in gastric cancer tissues and evaluate its association with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Relief of irritable bowel syndrome by fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with changes in diversity and composition of the gut microbiota.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for refractory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Methods: Microbiota suspensions from feces of the donors were injected into the intestines of 30 Chinese patients with refractory IBS. Microbiota composition analysis and genomic DNA extraction of fecal samples obtained from these patients at baseline and 1 month after FMT were performed.

Liver-resident NK cells suppress autoimmune cholangitis and limit the proliferation of CD4 T cells.

Liver-resident NK cells are distinct from conventional NK cells and play an important role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis. How liver-resident NK cells participate in autoimmune cholangitis remains unclear. Here, we extensively investigated the impact of NK cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune cholangitis utilizing the well-established dnTGFβRII cholangitis model, NK cell-deficient (Nfil3) mice, adoptive transfer and in vivo antibody-mediated NK cell depletion.

PD-L1 promotes colorectal cancer stem cell expansion by activating HMGA1-dependent signaling pathways.

PD-L1 is critical for tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting T cell function via the PD-1 receptor. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies might potently enhance antitumor effects in various tumors, but the effect of PD-L1 on colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains unclear. We observed high PD-L1 expression in CD133CD44 colorectal CSCs and CSC-enriched tumorspheres.

CCAT1 lncRNA Promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease Malignancy by Destroying Intestinal Barrier via Downregulating miR-185-3p.

Background: The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) has been reported to play a vital role in the development of cancer. Although the link between inflammation and cancer initiation is well established, whether CCAT1 is involved in inflammation and promotes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) malignancy remains undetermined. We aimed to investigate the expression of CCAT1 in IBD and the effect of CCAT1 overexpression on intestinal epithelial barrier function.

Microbial Intervention as a Novel Target in Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression.

Background/aims: Emerging evidence suggests a close link between gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between gut microbiota and the DNA methylation of adiponectin (an adipocyte-specific adipocytokine) in rats, following diet-induced NAFLD.

Methods: 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with or without a high fat diet (HFD), antibiotics, and probiotics, in order to establish an imbalanced gut microbiota and probiotic treatment model in NAFLD rats.

High FNDC1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is a common human cancer worldwide. Fibronectin is an important extracellular matrix protein that has been implicated in many cancers and is known to be associated with proliferation and migration. Fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (FNDC1) contains a major component of the structural domain of fibronectin.

Clinical Efficacy of Laparoscopic Surgery for T4 Colon Cancer Compared with Open Surgery: A Single Center's Experience.

Background: Laparoscopic surgery for T4 colon cancer remains controversial according to many colorectal cancer guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term outcomes in patients who underwent T4 colon cancer resection by laparoscopy versus open surgery.

Methods: Patients who underwent T4 colon cancer resection either by laparoscopy or by open surgery between January 2012 and January 2017 were included and used to perform a retrospective cohort analysis.

Inhibition of Proteasomal Deubiquitinase by Silver Complex Induces Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Background/aims: The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for the degradation of most intracellular proteins, and proteasomal deubiquitinases (DUBs) have recently been highlighted as novel anticancer targets. It is well documented that copper complexes can inhibit UPS function through targeting both 20S proteasome and proteasomal DUBs. The antineoplastic activities of silver complexes have received much attention, but the exact mechanisms are not fully elucidated.

Down-Regulation of MicroRNA-214 Contributed to the Enhanced Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A and Inhibited Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Background/aims: Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer (CRC), is one of the most common malignant tumors globally. Although significant advances have been made for developing novel therapeutics, the mechanisms of progression of colorectal cancer are still poorly understood.

Methods: In this study, we identified down-regulation of microRNA-214 (miR-214) as the contributing factor for CRC.

Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in gastrointestinal stromal tumor with Imatinib resistance.

Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Screening was applied to investigate novel targets in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). 20 genes and 2 miRNAs have been selected by total reads of sgRNA and sgRNA diversity, which has been further validated in imatinib-resistant GIST cells by CCK8 and qPCR analysis. Our study has finally revealed 9 genes (DBP, NR3C1, TCF12, TP53, ZNF12, SOCS6, ZFP36, ACYP1, and DRD1) involved in imatinib-resistant GIST-T1 cells.

Long noncoding RNA PVT1-214 promotes proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer by stabilizing Lin28 and interacting with miR-128.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in human cancer, but their mechanisms of action are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated lncRNA alterations that contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) through microarray expression profiling in CRC patient samples. Here, we report that the CRC-associated lncRNA PVT1-214 is a key regulator of CRC development and progression; patients with high PVT1-214 expression had a shorter survival and poorer prognosis.

Long non‑coding RNA 00152 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate NRP1 expression by sponging with miRNA‑206 in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying colorectal tumor metastasis and growth remain elusive. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in CRC progression and metastasis; however, the biological role and clinical significance of lncRNA 00152 (lnc00152) in CRC remains largely unknown. Thus, in this study, lnc00152 expression was measured in 80 human CRC tissue samples, 40 non‑cancerous tissue samples, and 3 CRC cell lines (SW480, SW620 and LoVo) using RT‑qPCR.