Advanced oxidation protein products induce apoptosis in thyroid follicular epithelial cells through oxidative stress in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disorder primarily driven by T cell. The apoptosis of the follicular thyroid cells plays an important role in HT apart from the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), resulting from oxidative stress, are known to be involved in various inflammatory diseases.

PMN-MDSCs are responsible for immune suppression in anti-PD-1 treated TAP1 defective melanoma.

Introduction: The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a key component of the classical HLA I antigen presentation pathway. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the downregulation of TAP1 contributes to tumor progression and is associated with an increased presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment. However, it remains unclear whether the elevation of MDSCs leads to immune cell exhaustion in tumors lacking TAP1.

N6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates the transcription of SLC7A11 through KDM6B and GATA3 to modulate ferroptosis.

Background: Recent studies indicate that N6-methyladenosine (mA) RNA modification may regulate ferroptosis in cancer cells, while its molecular mechanisms require further investigation.

Methods: Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) was used to detect changes in mA levels in cells. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS).

OSBPL3 modulates the immunosuppressive microenvironment and predicts therapeutic outcomes in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment that hinders effective immunotherapy. Identifying key factors that regulate the immunosuppressive landscape is crucial for improving treatment strategies.

Methods: We constructed a prognostic and risk assessment model for pancreatic cancer using 101 machine learning algorithms, identifying OSBPL3 as a key gene associated with disease progression and prognosis.

FOXM1-Cx31 Axis Drives Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties and Chemoresistance.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with few effective treatment options. Connexin 31 (Cx31) is a membrane protein capable of forming hexameric channels to facilitate the exchange of metabolites and signaling molecules. Yet, the contribution of Cx31 to the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer remains to be understood.

Liquid-liquid separation in gut immunity.

Gut immunity is essential for maintaining intestinal health. Recent studies have identified that intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) may play a significant role in regulating gut immunity, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. LLPS refers to droplet condensates formed through intracellular molecular interactions, which are crucial for the formation of membraneless organelles and biomolecules.

CD69CD103CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells possess stronger anti-tumor activity and predict better prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Despite advancements in therapeutic methodologies, it still causes a high rate of patient mortality. CD8 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are strategically positioned to mediate effective anti-tumor responses.

From microbes to medicine: harnessing the power of the microbiome in esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis, significantly influenced by dysbiosis in the esophageal, oral, and gut microbiota. This review provides an overview of the roles of microbiota dysbiosis in EC pathogenesis, emphasizing their impact on tumor progression, drug efficacy, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic interventions. Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut use are major contributors to dysbiosis and EC development.

Isolation and identification of patient-derived liver cancer stem cells and development of personalized treatment strategies.

Background: Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are thought to drive the metastasis and recurrence, however, the heterogeneity of molecular markers of LCSCs has hindered the development of effective methods to isolate them.

Methods: This study introduced an effective approach to isolate and culture LCSCs from human primary liver cancer (HPLC), leveraging mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as feeder cells in conjunction with using defined medium. Isolated LCSCs were further characterized by multiple approaches.

Rapid Hemostasis Tumor In Situ Hydrogel Vaccines for Colorectal Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy.

Due to the high heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors, most single antigen tumor vaccines often fail to elicit potent antitumor immune responses in clinical trials, resulting in unsatisfactory therapy effects. Hence, personalized tumor vaccines have become a promising modality for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we have developed a tumor in situ hydrogel vaccine (AH/DA-OR) capable of rapid hemostasis for personalized tumor immunotherapy, composed of dopamine-grafted hyaluronic acid (HA/DA) combined with sodium alginate (ALG), with coloaded oxaliplatin (OXA) and resiquimod (R848).

Integrated analyses reveal CST7 and DUSP5 regulate Th2 cells differentiation to promote chronic HBV infection.

Chronicity of HBV infection is a complex process influenced by both viral and host factors. Understanding the complex interplay between HBV and cellular immunity is critical. In this study, we used bulk expression datasets for CHB liver tissue from GSE83148 and GSE84044, and scRNA-seq data of CHB liver samples from GSE182159 to find critical genes and immune cells accounted for CHB.

Inhibition of FoxO1 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and hepatitis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mice through regulation of gut microbiota.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the role of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) inhibitor AS1842856 (AS) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice and the potential mechanisms.

Methods: Mice were given methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS), or methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 5 weeks, along with AS (60 mg/kg) or vehicle gavage treatment (0.2 mL/day).

LINC00460/miR-186-3p/MYC feedback loop facilitates colorectal cancer immune escape by enhancing CD47 and PD-L1 expressions.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been implicated as critical regulators of cancer tumorigenesis and progression. However, their functions and molecular mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) still remain to be further elucidated.

Methods: LINC00460 was identified by differential analysis between human CRC and normal tissues and verified by in situ hybridization (ISH) and qRT-PCR.

Washed microbiota transplantation combined with biological agents promotes histological remission in refractory severe ulcerative colitis with recurrent intestinal infection: A case report.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific colitis disease. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), including improved washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), and biological agents have helped improve the prognosis of patients with UC. However, a significant number of patients with moderate to severe UC do not get relief from glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and TNF-α antagonists.

Exploring the diagnostic potential of immunoglobulin A-microbiota interplay in liver cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

The human gut microbiota significantly impacts health, including liver conditions like liver cirrhosis (LC) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a central role in maintaining gut microbial balance. Understanding IgA's interplay with gut microbiota and liver health is crucial.

FOXO1 induced fatty acid oxidation in hepatic cells by targeting ALDH1L2.

Background And Aim: Lipid metabolism disorder is the primary feature of numerous refractory chronic diseases. Fatty acid oxidation, an essential aerobic biological process, is closely related to the progression of NAFLD. The forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 has been reported to play an important role in lipid metabolism.

MFGE8 in exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells prevents esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection in pigs.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the current standard treatment for early-stage esophageal neoplasms. However, the postoperative esophageal stricture after extensive mucosal dissection remains a severe challenge with limited effective treatments available. In this study, we introduced a chitosan/gelatin (ChGel) sponge encapsulating the adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)-derived exosomes (ChGel) for the prevention of esophageal stenosis after ESD in a porcine model.

Harnessing Sulforaphane Potential as a Chemosensitizing Agent: A Comprehensive Review.

Recent advances in oncological research have highlighted the potential of naturally derived compounds in cancer prevention and treatment. Notably, sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables including broccoli and cabbage, has exhibited potent chemosensitizing capabilities across diverse cancer types of bone, brain, breast, lung, skin, etc. Chemosensitization refers to the enhancement of cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy agents, counteracting the chemoresistance often developed by tumor cells.

Isothermal Amplification-Based Detection of Single-Base RNA N6-Methyladenosine.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) has recently gained much attention due to its diverse biological functions. Currently, the commonly used detection methods for locus-specific mA marks are complicated to operate, it is difficult to quantify the methylation level, and they have high false-positive levels. Here, we report a new method for locus-specific mA detection based on the methylate-sensitive endonuclease activity of MazF and the simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) method, termed "mA-MazF-SAT".