Investigation of genomic and pathogenicity characteristics of ST1 human strains from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX) between 2005 and 2020 in China.

is a significant and emerging zoonotic pathogen. ST1 and ST7 strains are the primary agents responsible for human infections in China, including the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GX). To enhance our understanding of ST1 population characteristics, we conducted an investigation into the phylogenetic structure, genomic features, and virulence levels of 73 ST1 human strains from GX between 2005 and 2020.

Absence of association between Pfnfs1 mutation and in vitro susceptibility to lumefantrine in Plasmodium falciparum.

Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the most widely used antimalarial drug for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria. This study evaluated whether the K65Q mutation in the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine desulfurase IscS (Pfnfs1) gene was associated with alternated susceptibility to lumefantrine using clinical parasite samples from Ghana and the China-Myanmar border area. Parasite isolates from the China-Myanmar border had significantly higher IC values to lumefantrine than parasites from Ghana.

Psychological Distress Mediates the Relationship Between HIV-Related Stigma and Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Chinese People Living with HIV.

Prescription opioid misuse (POM) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is a serious concern due to risks related to dependence and overdose, and PLWH may be at higher risk for POM due to psychosocial stressors including psychological distress. However, scant POM research has examined the role of HIV-related stigma (e.g.

Antibiotic resistance profiles of gut microbiota across various primate species in Guangxi.

Introduction: Understanding the gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial for evaluating their potential impact on human health and the environment.

Methods: In this study, we performed metagenomic analysis of 203 primate fecal samples, including nine NHP species and humans, to comprehensively characterize their gut microbiota and ARGs.

Results: Our study reveals the prevailing phyla in primates as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, and Proteobacteria.

Low host immune pressure may be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a longitudinal analysis of complete genomes of the HBV 1762T, 1764A mutant.

Background: It has been reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) double mutations (A1762T, G1764A) are an aetiological factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is unclear who is prone to develop HCC, among those infected with the mutant. Exploring HBV quasispecies, which are strongly influenced by host immune pressure, may provide more information about the association of viral factors and HCC.

, an Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen, Possesses the Capacity to Induce Cerebral Inflammatory Responses.

To date, three strains, BS26, BS27, and NN1, have been isolated from the blood cultures of patients with peritonitis, pneumonia, and arthritis, indicating that is an emerging threat to susceptible people. There is thus an urgent need to further evaluate the pathogenesis of clinical strains in order to design efficient anti-inflammatory strategies. Our previous study demonstrated the capacity of clinical strains to enter the central nervous system (CNS) of infected mice.

Strategies to inTerrupt RAbies Transmission for the Elimination Goal by 2030 In China (STRATEGIC): a modelling study.

Background: A global plan has been set to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 ("Zero-by-30"), but whether it could be achieved in some countries, such as China, remains unclear. Although elimination strategies through post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use, dog vaccination, and patient risk assessments with integrated bite case management (IBCM) were proposed to be cost-effective, evidence is still lacking in China. We aim to evaluate the future burdens of dog-mediated human rabies deaths in the next decade and provide quantitative evidence on the cost-effectiveness of different rabies-control strategies in China.

Factors related to the mortality risk of severe hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMD): a 5-year hospital-based survey in Guangxi, Southern China.

Background: To understand the factors influencing clinical outcomes of severe hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMD), and to provide scientific evidence for reducing the mortality risk of severe HFMD.

Methods: From 2014 to 2018, children diagnosed with severe HFMD cases in Guangxi, China, were enrolled in this hospital-based study. The epidemiological data obtained through face-to-face interviews with the parents and guardians.

HIV Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in Southwest China: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study.

Background: Previous studies showed an increase in HIV prevalence among young men who have sex with men aged 25 years or younger in China.

Objective: This study aimed to assess HIV prevalence and associated factors among young men who have sex with men in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Methods: This study was conducted in 4 cities (Guilin, Liuzhou, Beihai, and Nanning) in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between June 2014 and May 2016.

susceptibility profile of clinical isolates from Ghana to antimalarial drugs and polymorphisms in resistance markers.

Drug resistance in compromises the effectiveness of antimalarial therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of drug resistance in parasites obtained from international travelers returning from Ghana to guide the management of malaria cases. Eighty-two clinical parasite isolates were obtained from patients returning from Ghana in 2016-2018, of which 29 were adapted to continuous culture.

[Analysis of HIV transmission hotspots and characteristics of cross-regional transmission in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region based on molecular network].

To analyze HIV transmission hotspots and characteristics of cross-regional transmission in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region (Guangxi) based on the molecular network analysis, and provide evidence for optimization of precise AIDS prevention and control strategies. A total of 5 996 HIV sequences sampled from Guangxi between 1997 and 2020 were analyzed together with 165 534 published HIV sequences sampled from other regions. HIV-TRACE was used to construct molecular network in a pairwise genetic distance threshold of 0.

Hair Zidovudine Concentrations Predict Virologic Outcomes Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in China.

Background: Hair antiretroviral concentrations are an objective and non-invasive measure of adherence to long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and can further predict virologic outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). Zidovudine, one of the mainstream antiretrovirals in China, has been verified to have high reliability in adherence assessment, especially for its hair concentrations. However, data are limited in its predicting virologic outcomes.

A Resilience-Based Intervention to Mitigate the Effect of HIV-Related Stigma: Protocol for a Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial.

Background: Despite decades of global efforts to tackle HIV-related stigma, previous interventions designed to reduce stigma have had limited effects that were typically in the small- to-moderate range. The knowledge gaps and challenges for combating HIV-related stigma are rooted both in the complexity of the stigma and in the limitations of current conceptualizations of stigma reduction efforts. Recent research has shown the promise of resilience-based approaches that focus on the development of strengths, competencies, resources, and capacities of people living with HIV (PLWH) and their key supporting systems (e.

Epidemiological characterization of Clonorchis sinensis infection in humans and freshwater fish in Guangxi, China.

Background: Clonorchiasis is a widespread yet neglected foodborne disease with over 85% of all cases found in China. Guangxi province, located in southeastern China, ranks among the highest endemic provinces. We explore the epidemiological status and determinants of Clonorchis sinensis (C.

Analysis of entire hepatitis B virus genomes reveals reversion of mutations to wild type in natural infection, a 15 year follow-up study.

It has been reported that some mutations in the genome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) may predict the outcome of the virus infection. However, evolutionary data derived from long-term longitudinal analysis of entire HBV genomes using next generation sequencing (NGS) remain rare. In this study, serum samples were collected from asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers from a long-term prospective cohort.

[Immunization effect and persistence of hepatitis B vaccine in HIV-infected patients with different CD4T cell levels].

To explore the immunogenicity and persistence of hepatitis B vaccine in HIV-infected patients with different CD4T cell (CD4) levels, and analyze the influence effect of CD4 levels on immunization response. A total of 182 HIV-infected patients who participated in a randomized controlled trial of 20 µg and 60 µg hepatitis B vaccination at month 0, 1, and 6 in 2014 by Guangxi Zhuang Atonomous Region CDC and Ningming county CDC were surveyed. Six months later after the first dose and 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years later after the full course of the vaccination, 5 ml of the venous blood of the patients was collected, and the anti-HBs was detected by Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA).

First Detection in West Africa of a Mutation That May Contribute to Artemisinin Resistance .

The spread of drug resistance has seriously impacted the effective treatment of infection with the malaria parasite, . Continuous monitoring of molecular marker polymorphisms associated with drug resistance in parasites is essential for malaria control and elimination efforts. Our study describes mutations observed in the resistance genes , and in imported malaria and identifies additional potential drug resistance-associated molecular markers.

Genomic and pathogenic investigations of serotype 7 population derived from a human patient and pigs.

is one of the important emerging zoonotic pathogens. Serotype 2 is most prevalent in patients worldwide. In the present study, we first isolated one serotype 7 strain GX69 from the blood culture of a patient with septicemia complicated with pneumonia in China.

Unraveling the Complexity of Imported Malaria Infections by Amplicon Deep Sequencing.

Imported malaria and recurrent infections are becoming an emerging issue in many malaria non-endemic countries. This study aimed to determine the molecular patterns of the imported malaria infections and recurrence. Blood samples were collected from patients with imported malaria infections during 2016-2018 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting 18S ribosomal RNA genes for identifying P. vivax and P. ovale species and mitochondrial DNA for detecting the genus Plasmodium.

Background: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used to diagnose various infectious diseases. Malaria is a globally distributed infectious disease attributed to parasites in the genus Plasmodium. It is known that persons infected with Plasmodium vivax and P.

Nonmedical use of prescription drugs and biopsychosocial correlates among females who are sex workers in China.

Nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMPUD) has become a critical public health concern. Chinese literature has paid growing attention to NMUPD, but scarce research has focused on females who are sex workers (FSWs), who have a high risk of substance use. The current study aimed to examine NMUPD and its biopsychosocial correlates in Chinese FSWs.