Adherence, virological outcome, and drug resistance in Chinese HIV patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy from 2011 to 2015.

Stavudine (D4T), zidovudine (AZT), and tenofovir (TDF) along with lamivudine (3TC) are the most widely used HIV treatment regimens in China. China's National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Programme (NFATP) has replaced D4T with AZT or TDF in the standard first-line regimens since 2010. Few studies have evaluated the adherence, virological outcome, and drug resistance in HIV patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2011 to 2015 due to changes in ART regimen.

Effect of manganese on neural endocrine hormones in serum of welders and smelters.

Background: Although manganese (Mn)-induced neurotoxicity effects are well known among occupational Mn exposure, few reports have investigated the effects on endocrine systems among welders and smelters.

Objective: To determine the effect of high level occupational manganese (Mn) exposure on neuropsychological parameters and hormonal status.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional design with 52 welders, 48 smelters and 43 age-matched office workers from the same factory in China.

Phylogenetic, comparative genomic and structural analyses of human Streptococcus agalactiae ST485 in China.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a common bacteria species infecting both human and bovine. Previous studies have shown that the GBS isolated from human and bovine are mostly unrelated and belong to separate populations. However, recently, the bovine GBS CC103 has become the dominant epidemic strain and frequently isolated from human patients.

Simultaneous quantitation of zidovudine, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir in human hair by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

Nowadays, zidovudine, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir are important components of the second-line antiretroviral therapeutic regimen of National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program in China. The measurement of antiretroviral drugs in hair will facilitate for the evaluation of the long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, no study illustrated simultaneous quantitation of the four drugs in hair.

Evaluation of susceptibility of HIV-1 CRF01_AE variants to neutralization by a panel of broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are very promising agents for HIV-1 prophylaxis and AIDS treatment. However, the neutralization susceptibility of circulating recombinants such as CRF01_AE, which is becoming increasingly prevalent, has not been studied in detail until now. Here, we focused on CRF01_AE in China and aimed to find bNAbs that can be used for neutralization of CRF01_AE.

Evaluation of self-report adherence measures and their associations with detectable viral load among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China.

Objectives: Self-report antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence has been consistently associated with clinical outcomes. This study aims to compare the accuracy of self-report ART adherence measures with varying recall timeframes or item contents to predict virological response.

Methods: Data from a cross-sectional study among 2146 participants on ART in Guangxi, China were used.

Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis of mumps in Guangxi Province, China, 2005-2016.

Background: The resurgence of mumps around the world occurs frequently in recent years. As the country with the largest number of cases in the world, the status of mumps epidemics in China is not yet clear. This study, taking the relatively serious epidemic province of Guangxi as the example, aimed to examine the spatiotemporal pattern and epidemiological characteristics of mumps, and provide a scientific basis for the effective control of this disease and formulation of related health policies.

Short-term effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on childhood hand-foot-mouth disease in Guilin, China.

Background: Previous studies have always focused on the impact of various meteorological factors on Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). However, only few studies have investigated the simultaneous effects of climate and air pollution on HFMD incidence.

Methods: Daily HFMD counts among children aged 0-14 years in Guilin city were collected from 2014 to 2016.

Impact of meteorological factors on mumps and potential effect modifiers: An analysis of 10 cities in Guangxi, Southern China.

Background: In the current context of global climate change, understanding the impact of climate on respiratory infectious diseases such as mumps and the potential modified factors is crucial, especially in developing countries. However, research on the climate-related incidence of mumps is rare, inconsistent and mainly limited to a single city or region.

Methods: Daily mumps cases and meteorological variables of 10 cities in Guangxi, Southern China were collected for 2005-2017.

Changes in sexual behaviors following diagnosis with HIV: patterns and correlates among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China.

Effective secondary prevention of HIV infections requires knowledge about changes in sexual behaviors after diagnosis among people living with HIV (PLHIV), yet there is a dearth of literature assessing gender-specific patterns and correlates of such changes among heterosexual PLHIV in China. Data used in the current study were derived from a cross-sectional survey conducted from 2012 to 2013 among 1212 heterosexual sexually active PLHIV in Guangxi, China. Most participants reduced sexual frequency (71.

HIV, syphilis and behavioral risk factors among men who have sex with men in a drug-using area of southwestern China: Results of 3 cross-sectional surveys from 2013 to 2015.

To assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and behavioral risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in southwestern China, where HIV started as a drug-driven epidemic, and shifted to mainly heterosexual transmission.These cross-sectional studies were conducted yearly in 2013, 2014, and 2015 in Guangxi, China. A total of 1,996, 1,965, and 1,697 participants were recruited in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively.

Decreasing HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis C Infection After a Decade of Harm Reduction Implementation Among Drug Users in Southwestern Areas of China.

Objective: Since 2003, the Chinese central government has implemented several harm reduction and preventive measures to control HIV. We aim to describe epidemiological trends of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis in Guangxi drug users after the policy implementation.

Method: A total of 12,161-15,870 drug users in Guangxi, China, were recruited annually from 2009 to 2015 through community outreach or snowball sampling.

[Final evaluation of medium- and long-term program of schistosomiasis control in Baise City].

Objective: To evaluate the monitoring results of medium- and long-term program of schistosomiasis control in Baise City, so as to provide the reference for the elimination of schistosomiasis.

Methods: The data of schistosomiasis control in Baise City from 2004 to 2015 were collected and analyzed.

Results: By the end of 2015, the total number of regular screening serum tests for schistosomiasis in the planning period was 10 244 person-times, with 649 positive cases.

High Incidence of Pathogenic ST485 Strain in Pregnant/Puerperal Women and Isolation of Hyper-Virulent Human CC67 Strain.

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the major pathogen causing diseases in neonates, pregnant/puerperal women, cows and fish. Recent studies have shown that GBS may be infectious across hosts and some fish GBS strain might originate from human. The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic relationship of CC103 strains that recently emerged in cows and humans, and explore the pathogenicity of clinical GBS isolates from human to tilapia.

Early antiretroviral therapy on reducing HIV transmission in China: strengths, weaknesses and next focus of the program.

Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is a recommended public health approach for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission. In this cohort study, we included 13132 serodiscordant couples. ART was initiated for patients with CD4+ T cell counts less than 200 cells/uL, 350 cells/uL, and 500 cells/uL respectively.

Corrigendum: Pathogenicity of Human ST23 to Fish and Genomic Comparison of Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Isolates.

[This corrects the article on p. 1933 in vol. 8, PMID: 29056932.

Evaluation on the persistence of anti-HPV immune responses to the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in Chinese females and males: Up to 3.5 years of follow-up.

Background: This was an extension study of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled immunogenicity and safety study of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) (HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine conducted in Chinese female subjects aged 9-45 years and male subjects aged 9-15 years. To investigate the persistence of anti-HPV 6, -11, -16, and -18 responses among Chinese subjects, subjects enrolled in the base study were followed up at around month 42 (approximately 3.5 years after vaccination).

Self-reported changes in alcohol use behavior among people living with HIV in China after receiving HIV positive diagnosis.

Background: Alcohol use remains a significant challenge for treating people living with HIV (people living with HIV). We aimed to examine current use and retrospective self-reported changes in drinking behavior after HIV+ diagnosis in people living with HIV.

Method: Survey data were collected from a large random sample of people living with HIV (N = 2964, mean age = 42.

After 18 months of antiretroviral therapy, total HIV DNA decreases more pronouncedly in patients infected by CRF01_AE than in those infected by subtype B and CRF07_BC.

Whether the amount of HIV DNA is associated with the subtype of HIV-1 after antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been reported. In the present study, the amount of HIV DNA and RNA and CD4+T counts in blood and semen prior to and after 18 months of ART were compared in 48 patients infected by CRF01_AE, subtype B or CRF07_BC of HIV-1. Viral RNA was suppressed and CD4 cell count recovery achieved in all patients.

Age differences in sexual risk behaviors and related factors among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China.

Sexual risk behaviors by people living with HIV (PLHIV) can result in secondary HIV transmission and other health problems. Given the dearth of research on age differences in sexual behaviors among PLHIV, the objective of the study is to compare sexual risk behaviors and related factors among PLHIV by age groups. Data used in the current study were derived from a cross-sectional survey conducted from 2012 to 2013 in Guangxi, China.

Performance evaluation of existing immunoassays for Clonorchis sinensis infection in China.

Background: Clonorchiasis ranks among the most important food-borne parasitic diseases in China. However, due to low compliance to traditional fecal examination techniques in the general population and medical personnel, immunodiagnosis is expected. This study evaluated, in parallel, the performance of four immunodiagnostic kits detecting clonorchiasis in China.

Role of Diabetes Mellitus on Treatment Effects in Drug-susceptible Initial Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in China.

We assessed the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) on treatment effects in drug-susceptible initial pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. A prospective study was conducted in eight provinces of China from October 2008 to December 2010. We enrolled 1,313 confirmed drug-susceptible initial PTB patients, and all subjects received the treatment regimen (2H3R3E3Z3/4H3R3) as recommended by the national guidelines.

The prevalence and concordance of human papillomavirus infection in different anogenital sites among men and women in Liuzhou, China: A population-based study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the pathogenesis of anogenital cancers and genital warts in both men and women, whereas there is a scarcity of large studies focused on HPV prevalence in different anogenital sites of both sexes in the same population. From May to July 2014, 2,309 men and 2,378 women aged 18-55 were enrolled from communities in Liuzhou, China. Penis/glans penis/coronary sulcus (PGC) and perianal/anal canal (PA) specimens of men, and vaginal (VA), vulvar (VU) and PA specimens of women, were collected and genotyped for HPV.

Pathogenicity of Human ST23 to Fish and Genomic Comparison of Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Isolates.

, or Group B (GBS), is a major pathogen causing neonatal sepsis and meningitis, bovine mastitis, and fish meningoencephalitis. CC23, including its namesake ST23, is not only the predominant GBS strain derived from human and cattle, but also can infect a variety of homeothermic and poikilothermic species. However, it has never been characterized in fish.