Fundus Curvature as a Clinical Marker for Posterior Staphyloma Based on Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To investigate the ability to quantify fundus curvature and detect posterior staphyloma using widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Cross-sectional diagnostic evaluation.

Subjects And Participants: 205 highly myopic eyes of 205 participants.

Elevation of ANXA1 associated with potential protective mechanism against ferroptosis and immune cell infiltration in age-related macular degeneration.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a neurodegenerative ocular disease. This study investigated the role of ferroptosis-related genes and their interaction with immune cell infiltration in AMD.

Methods: We screened differential expression genes (DEGs) of AMD from data sets in Gene Expression Omnibus.

U-shaped association between residential greenness and keratoconus.

Keratoconus is a blinding corneal disorder influenced by genetic factors. Whether environmental factors influence it remains unclear. Here, we observed a U-shaped association between residential greenness and keratoconus, with increased odds ratios (ORs) at low and high greenness levels.

EYE SHAPE DEFORMITY PREDICTS MYOPIC MACULOPATHY PROGRESSION AMONG HIGHLY MYOPIC INDIVIDUALS: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: To determine the impact of eye shape using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging on myopic maculopathy (MM) progression.

Methods: At baseline, 67 participants with high myopia were selected. Eye shape was classified into spheroidal, ellipsoidal, temporally distorted, nasally distorted, conical, and barrel-shape identified from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging.

Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil combined with topical 0.05% tacrolimus in high-risk keratoplasty: 1-year cohort study.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of systemic mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as an adjunct in combination with topical tacrolimus (FK506) and corticosteroid eyedrops for preventing corneal graft rejection after high-risk keratoplasty (HRK).

Methods: In this cohort study, 55 consecutive patients (55 eyes) from an eye center who met the criteria of HRK were included. The definition for HRK includes large grafts of no less than 9 mm diameter, vascularized cornea of two or more quadrants, regrafting, or eccentric grafts.

Prognostic value of macular neovascularisation characteristics for photoreceptor integrity in nAMD: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between characteristics of macular neovascularisation (MNV) and photoreceptor integrity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: This prospective study enrolled treatment-naïve nAMD eyes and conducted a 3-month follow-up. 16 quantitative MNV features were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography, and the impaired areas of ellipsoid zone (EZ), external limiting membrane (ELM) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were obtained using optical coherence tomography.

Axial elongation in nonpathologic high myopia: Ocular structural changes and glaucoma diagnostic challenges.

Axial elongation continues in highly myopic adult eyes, even in the absence of pathologic changes such as posterior staphyloma or chorioretinal atrophy. This ongoing axial elongation leads to structural changes in the macular and peripapillary regions, including chorioretinal thinning, reduced vascular perfusion and optic disc tilting and rotation, among others. These alterations can affect the acquisition and interpretation of optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography and fundus photographs, potentially introducing artifacts and diminishing the accuracy of glaucoma diagnosis in highly myopic eyes.

Safety of repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia: A systematic review.

Purpose: Establishing the safety profile of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy is necessary prior to its widespread clinical implementation.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42024516676) of articles across seven databases from inception through February 10, 2024, with keywords related to myopia and RLRL therapy. Pooled safety outcomes and risk-to-benefit ratios were reported, and incidence of side effects was compared with other antimyopia interventions.

Multi-Omics Integration With Machine Learning Identified Early Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetic Macula Edema and Anti-VEGF Treatment Response.

Purpose: Identify optimal metabolic features and pathways across diabetic retinopathy (DR) stages, develop risk models to differentiate diabetic macular edema (DME), and predict anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy response.

Methods: We analyzed 108 aqueous humor samples from 78 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 30 healthy controls. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution-mass-spectrometry detected lipidomics and metabolomics profiles.

The involvement of YAP-TGFβ-SMAD-mediated fibrosis in primary inferior oblique overaction.

This study investigates the involvement of fibrosis in primary inferior oblique overaction (PIOOA), a strabismus characterized by excessive upward eye rotation. First, we identified extensive fibrotic changes in inferior oblique (IO) muscles in PIOOA patients compared to normal controls. A strong positive correlation was clinically established between the severity of PIOOA and the expression of collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1).

EyeGPT for Patient Inquiries and Medical Education: Development and Validation of an Ophthalmology Large Language Model.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance clinical flow and improve medical education, but they encounter challenges related to specialized knowledge in ophthalmology.

Objective: This study aims to enhance ophthalmic knowledge by refining a general LLM into an ophthalmology-specialized assistant for patient inquiries and medical education.

Methods: We transformed Llama2 into an ophthalmology-specialized LLM, termed EyeGPT, through the following 3 strategies: prompt engineering for role-playing, fine-tuning with publicly available data sets filtered for eye-specific terminology (83,919 samples), and retrieval-augmented generation leveraging a medical database and 14 ophthalmology textbooks.

Ketogenic diet modulates immune cell transcriptional landscape and ameliorates experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice.

Background: Uveitis manifests as immune-mediated inflammatory disorders within the eye, posing a serious threat to vision. The ketogenic diet (KD) has emerged as a promising dietary intervention, yet its impact on the immune microenvironments and role in uveitis remains unclear.

Methods: Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from lymph node and retina of mice, we conduct a comprehensive investigation into the effects of KD on immune microenvironments.

Efficacy and safety of minocycline in retinitis pigmentosa: a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is characterized by progressive photoreceptor cells death accelerated by the proliferation and activation of microglia pathologically. No consensus exists on the treatment. Minocycline is recognized as a microglia inhibitor with great anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective functions.

Safety and efficacy of intralesional rituximab injection versus involved site radiation therapy in primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Involved site radiation therapy (ISRT) is a widely used treatment for primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with control rates over 85%; however, its complications could reach 30%-50%. Intralesional rituximab injection has shown promising results with remission rates between 65% and 100% and minimal complications. This study aimed to conduct a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial to compare the safety and efficacy of intralesional rituximab injection versus ISRT on primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.

Synapses and dendritic spines are eliminated in the primary visual cortex of mice subjected to chronic intraocular pressure elevation.

Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease. Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons, leading to axonal transport dysfuntion, subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system. Accordingly, recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.

A Comparative and Prospective Study of Corneal Consumption and Corneal Biomechanics After SMILE and FS-LASIK Performed on the Contralateral Eyes With High Myopic Astigmatism.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the actual corneal consumption and subsequent corneal biomechanical changes after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in eyes with high myopic astigmatism.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized study on high myopic astigmatic eyes, 74 patients with similar refractive error received SMILE in one eye and FS-LASIK in the contralateral eye were enrolled. The central stromal reduction was calculated by preoperative and postoperative central stromal thickness (CST) measurements by the RTVue optical coherence tomography (OCT).

A Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial Evaluating Opioid-Free versus Opioid-Sparing Analgesia for Orbital Fracture Reconstruction Under General Anesthesia.

Background And Objectives: Opioid-minimizing strategies are making their appearance in enhanced recovery after surgery. This study is aimed to explore the potential advantages of opioid-free analgesia (OFA) compared to opioid-sparing analgesia (OSA) in patients undergoing orbital fracture reconstruction.

Methods: In this prospective, single-center, randomized controlled study, we randomly recruited 122 patients undergoing orbital fracture reconstruction under general anesthesia.

Choroidal Thickness and Visual Acuity in High Myopia Without Myopic Maculopathy: Insights From a Chinese Population Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of choroidal thickness (ChT) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with high myopia (HM) and without myopic maculopathy.

Methods: This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of participants aged 7 to 70 years with bilateral HM but without myopic maculopathy. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was used to measure ChT at the fovea.

Association of hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and choroidal thickness changes in type 2 diabetes: a 2-year longitudinal study.

Purpose: This prospective cohort study investigated the longitudinal relationship between hypertension (HTN), defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, and changes in choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Patients aged 30-80 years from the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study were categorized into non-HTN, stage 1-HTN, and stage 2-HTN groups based on BP criteria. Macular and parapapillary CT were measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

AIP1 Regulates Ocular Angiogenesis Via NLRP12-ASC-Caspase-8 Inflammasome-Mediated Endothelial Pyroptosis.

Pathological ocular angiogenesis is a significant cause of irreversible vision loss and blindness worldwide. Currently, most studies have focused on the angiogenesis factors in ocular vascular diseases, and very few endogenous anti-angiogenic compounds have been found. Moreover, although inflammation is closely related to the predominant processes involved in angiogenesis, the mechanisms by which inflammation regulates pathological ocular angiogenesis remain obscure.

Continuous intraocular pressure variations following positional transitions in normal subjects and open angle glaucoma patients using a contact lens sensor system.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel contact lens sensor system (CLS) in detecting continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) variations following positional transitions, and to explore these IOP variation patterns among normal subjects, untreated glaucoma patients, and untreated ocular hypertension (OHT) subjects.

Methods: This prospective comparative study included 20 normal subjects, 14 high tension glaucoma (HTG) patients, 16 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients, and 14 OHT subjects. Participants wore the CLS for continuous IOP monitoring while undergoing sequential body position changes: from sitting to supine to a 10° head-down tilt (HDT), with each position maintained for ten minutes.

Comparison of different concentrations atropine in controlling children and adolescent myopia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Purpose: To evaluate the myopia control effect of different concentrations atropine in children and adolescent.

Methods: Meta-analyses and systematic reviews available in the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from the databases' inception to August 2023 were searched to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of different concentrations' atropine in controlling myopia progression. Overall effects were performed using random-effects model.