Oral hygiene is independently associated with early stroke-associated pneumonia in hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke: An observational study.

Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a major stroke complication. Oral microorganisms are important contributors to SAP. Here, we aimed to investigate whether oral hygiene is associated with early SAP (<72 h of stroke onset) in patients with ischemic stroke.

Robust Acid-Responsive AILE Luminescence Effect Nanoparticle for Drug Release Monitoring and Induction of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

Through the PFOEP-SO3(-) + multidrug molecules constructed nanoparticle (NP) experiments and validated by molecular simulation docking experiments, we propose a molecular interaction principle for inducing aggregation-induced locally excited emission (AILE) luminescence from fluorenone (FO)-based conjugated polymers (CPs). Based on this molecular interaction mechanism, we constructed a NP built by π-π stacking. The NPs demonstrate facile synthesis, robust stability, and high drug-loading efficiency, enabling tumor-specific drug release in acidic lysosomal environments (pH 3.

Imbalance of bladder neurohomeostasis by Myosin 5a aggravates diabetic cystopathy.

Background: Diabetic cystopathy (DCP) is linked to bladder nerve conduction disorders, with diabetes-induced neuropathy impairing nerve signal transmission and causing bladder dysfunction. Myosin 5a, vital for neuronal transport, has been linked to neurological disorders, though its role in DCP remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Myosin 5a plays a potential regulatory role in Diabetic Cystopathy.

The Role of Coagulation/Fibrinolysis Biomarkers in Pathophysiology, Disease Severity, and Treatment Response in Patients with Urticaria: A Scoping Review.

The pathology of urticaria is complex. Recently, researchers have widely focused on the role that the coagulation/fibrinolysis system plays in the pathology of urticaria. The potential of coagulation/fibrinolysis biomarkers as disease severity or treatment response biomarkers remains uncertain, lacking comprehensive analysis in previous studies.

Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee Expert Consensus on Selected Common Clinical Issues in Parathyroid Ultrasound (2024 Edition).

Parathyroid ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid diseases. Nevertheless, ultrasound physicians frequently encounter a number of challenges and doubts in their professional practice. For this reason, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering has formulated the expert consensus on certain common clinical problems of parathyroid ultrasound based on the current research progress and clinical experience, in order to guide the clinical practice.

Addressing underestimation and explanation of retinal fundus photo-based cardiovascular disease risk score: Algorithm development and validation.

Objective: To resolve the underestimation problem and investigate the mechanism of the AI model which employed to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores from retinal fundus photos.

Methods: An ordinal regression Deep Learning (DL) model was proposed to predict 10-year CVD risk scores. The mechanism of the DL model in understanding CVD risk was explored using methods such as transfer learning and saliency maps.

Ethylene Oxide Exposure and Its Association with Serum Neurofilaments Light Chain Levels in the General Population.

Objective: This study explored the association between ethylene oxide exposure, a human carcinogen, and serum neurofilament light (sNfL) levels, a potential biomarker for neurological disorders, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, focusing on sNfL levels, ethylene oxide exposure, socio-demographics, and comorbidities. Multiple regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses assessed the relationship between ethylene oxide and ln-transformed sNfL levels, with stratified analyses for subgroups.

LncRNA Growth Arrest Specific 5 Promotes Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming Via the IGF2BP1/SIX1 Axis and Inhibits Ferroptosis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Via the miR-23a-3p/SLC7A11 Axis in Coronary Heart Disease.

Background: Growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that regulates the function of cardiovascular cells in various cardiovascular diseases. The current study delved into the regulation of GAS5 on the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and its potential regulatory mechanism in coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect GAS5 expression in the blood samples and EPCs from CHD patients and healthy controls.

Clip-stone and T clip-sinus post laparoscopic biliary surgery: Two case reports and review of the literature.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) are widely used in gallbladder and biliary tract diseases. During these procedures, vessels or tissues are commonly ligated using clips. However, postoperative migration of clips to the common bile duct (CBD) or T-tube sinus tract is an overlooked complication of laparoscopic biliary surgery.

Long-term survival outcomes of duodenal adenocarcinoma: A cohort study with 15-year single-center experience.

Background: Duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA), a rare gastrointestinal malignancy, lacks clear natural history and management strategies. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of patients with DA, focusing on long-term survival and the impact of tumor characteristics, surgery, and adjuvant therapy.

Aim: To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a hospital-based cohort study in our 15-year experience with DA aimed at investigating the long-term outcomes of the patients with DA, along with analyzing the impact of the tumor characteristics, operations and adjuvant therapy on survival outcomes.

Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer.

Background: Males have a three times higher risk of a diagnosis of bladder cancer (Bca) than females. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may be associated with Bca risk. However, the sex-specific role of SHBG in Bca remains unclear.

SCGB1A1 as a Key Regulator of Splenic Immune Dysfunction in COPD: Insights From a Murine Model.

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by irreversible airflow limitation and systemic immune impacts. COPD patients demonstrate an increased susceptibility to sepsis and septic shock, underscoring the importance of understanding its effects on splenic function.

Methods: A rat COPD model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke exposure.

Serum-biomarker-based population screening model for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) early identification is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Current screening methods are often complex and costly. This study developed a simplified, cost-effective HCC screening model using serum marker data.

DTX2 attenuates Lenvatinib-induced ferroptosis by suppressing docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis through HSD17B4-dependent peroxisomal β-oxidation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aims: Emerging resistance to Lenvatinib, which is used as a first-line agent for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is still a concern. The aim of this study was to determine core factors of Lenvatinib resistance (LR) and their underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: CRISPR screening in HCC cells was conducted, which identified E3 ubiquitin ligase deltex 2 (DTX2) as a core LR-related gene.

Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Exosomal microRNA Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Early and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) is crucial for slowing their progression and enhancing patient outcomes. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as promising biomarkers due to their ability to reflect the diseases' pathology, yet their low abundance poses significant detection hurdles. This review article delves into the burgeoning field of electrochemical biosensors, designed for the precise detection of exosomal miRNA biomarkers.

Global Incidence of Maternal Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: This study investigates the global incidence of maternal sepsis, a life-threatening condition and major cause of maternal mortality. Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to provide a more precise estimation of its incidence, identify regional variations, and examine associated risk factors to inform improved prevention and management strategies.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Integrating spatial and single-cell transcriptomes reveals the role of COL1A2(+) MMP1(+/-) cancer-associated fibroblasts in ER-positive breast cancer.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly heterogeneous cells and important components of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME). However, their role and clinical value in ER-positive breast cancer have not been fully clarified. Our study aims to comprehensively characterize the heterogeneity, potential biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of CAFs in ER-positive breast cancer within the tumor microenvironment using multi-omics data, to provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of ER-positive breast cancer patients.

Gracillin suppresses cancer progression through inducing Merlin/LATS protein-protein interaction and activating Hippo signaling pathway.

Gene therapy, epigenetic therapies, natural compounds targeted therapy, photodynamic therapy, nanoparticles, and precision medicines are becoming available to diagnose and treat cancer. Gracillin, a natural steroidal saponin extracted from herbs, has shown potent efficacy against a range of malignancies. In this study, we investigated the molecular anticancer mechanisms of gracillin.

STAT1 mediates the pro-inflammatory role of GBP5 in colitis.

Previous studies establish guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5) as a driver in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we aim to elucidate the mechanism underlying the pro-inflammatory role of GBP5. We observe that loss of Gbp5 causes reduced colonic inflammation and decreased numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in colitis mice.

RNA catalysis moving towards metabolic reactions: progress with ribozyme catalyzed alkyl transfer.

The RNA world hypothesis proposes that the early stages of the emergence of life on Earth comprised primitive cells in which RNA acted both to store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions as RNA enzymes (ribozymes). Most contemporary ribozymes catalyze phosphoryl transfer reactions, but early ribozymes would have been required to catalyze a broader range of metabolic interconversions. None has been found in modern cells, yet ribozymes have been generated by in vitro evolution to catalyze several different chemical reactions, providing proof of principle of RNA-catalyzed metabolism.

Six-hour local 4 °C dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion improves the preservation of porcine liver after cardiac death using an ex vivo reperfusion model.

Background: The use of grafts from donation after circulatory death (DCD) overcomes the inadequate donor organ supply. Our team developed a transportable dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (DHOPE) device, which initiates DHOPE at a recipient center to reduce static cold storage (SCS) time and the risk of graft failure in DCD liver transplantation.

Methods: Six porcine livers per group with 30 min of warm ischemia exposure were preserved via SCS or DHOPE for 6 h and then reperfused for 12 h with whole blood to mimic transplantation.

Graphene quantum dot-induced photo redox ATRP synthesis of lignin-based copolymers for the fabrication of silver-bearing and camptothecin-loaded micelles.

Photo redox atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) represents an excellent technique for forming multifunctional polymers. However, there was little report on photo redox ATRP of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Herein, we reported that introduced GQDs to ATRP in DMF solvent for the first time, significantly reducing the amount of copper catalyst (<500 ppm) required for the synthesis of alkali lignin-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (AL-(PNIPAM-PDMAEMA-PPEGMA)).

Deciphering immune predictors of immunotherapy response: A multiomics approach at the pan-cancer level.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has transformed cancer treatment, yet many patients fail to respond. Employing single-cell multiomics, we unveil T cell dynamics influencing ICB response across 480 pan-cancer and 27 normal tissue samples. We identify four immunotherapy response-associated T cells (IRATs) linked to responsiveness or resistance and analyze their pseudotemporal patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and T cell receptor clonal expansion profiles specific to each response.