[Expression status of diabetes-associated genes in middle and aged cynomolgus monkeys].

A total of 138 middle and aged cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (above 10 years) were classified into three groups based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values, specifically low FPG, normal FPG, and high FPG group. Total cholesterol (TCHO), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in blood by automatic biochemical analyzer. The mRNA expressions of 37 diabetes-associated genes were analyzed with Real-time PCR in monocytes isolated from monkey peripheral blood.

[Correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and the expression of cardiovascular disease related genes in cynomolgus monkeys].

The correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease related genes plays an important role in early-warning risk and early diagnosis. Thirty middle-aged male crab-eating macaques were fed a moderately atherogenic diet (0.053 mg cholesterol/kJ and 40% of calories as saturated fat) for twelve months.

[Effects of high-fiber diet on timing of behaviors in Bandicota indica].

Food resources and energy budget affect the behaviors and time budgets of animals. To clarify the effects of a high-fiber diet on greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) behavior, we compared B. indica under a high-fiber diet and a standard rat diet using video monitoring.

Contrasting genetic structure in two co-distributed species of old world fruit bat.

The fulvous fruit bat (Rousettus leschenaulti) and the greater short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) are two abundant and widely co-distributed Old World fruit bats in Southeast and East Asia. The former species forms large colonies in caves while the latter roots in small groups in trees. To test whether these differences in social organization and roosting ecology are associated with contrasting patterns of gene flow, we used mtDNA and nuclear loci to characterize population genetic subdivision and phylogeographic histories in both species sampled from China, Vietnam and India.

[New record of a bat species from China, Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758)].

One male bat was collected in a cave in Cuibi Hill (N: 21 degree 53', E: 101 degree 18', H: 683 m a.s.l.

Fellatio by fruit bats prolongs copulation time.

Oral sex is widely used in human foreplay, but rarely documented in other animals. Fellatio has been recorded in bonobos Pan paniscus, but even then functions largely as play behaviour among juvenile males. The short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx exhibits resource defence polygyny and one sexually active male often roosts with groups of females in tents made from leaves.

Characterization of microsatellite loci in the lesser dawn bat (Eonycteris spelaea).

We constructed a genomic DNA library enriched for CA repeat motifs in Eonycteris spelaea. Nine microsatellite loci were isolated and tested on a population of 39 samples from Yunnan Province, China. These nine loci had three to 22 alleles per locus.

Dietary Shifts in Relation to Fruit Availability among Masked Palm Civets () in Central China.

The spatial and temporal distribution of food resources can profoundly affect foraging decisions and prey selection, potentially resulting in shifts in diet in response to changes in resource availability. The masked palm civet () has long been regarded as a dietary generalist that feeds primarily on fruits and small mammals. Both types of food resources may vary spatially and temporally and the diet of is expected to change in response to variation in the availability and distribution of these resources.

Assessment of herbivore performance on host plants.

Two models for assessing the performance of herbivores on a variety of host plants are developed by combining knowledge of population genetics and population ecology, especially that of the fixation probability of mutant genes. The absolute host performance model precisely assesses host performance for one herbivore population based on parameters of fecundity, larval survivorship, and selection pressure. The relative host performance model compares host performance for one population among different host plant species and for several populations on the same host species.

[Ecological control effects of Litchi chinensis-Desmodium intortum complex plant ecosystem on litchi pests].

An investigation on the community structure and dynamics of litchi pests and their natural enemies in constructed Litchi chinensis-Desmodium intortum complex plant ecosystem and single L. chinensis ecosystem showed that the total amount of litchi pests in the complex plant ecosystem was 61.27% of that in the single ecosystem in whole year, and only 50.

[Diversity and stability of arthropod assemblage in tea orchard].

Two tea orchards, simplex tea orchard with weeds removed manually or by herbicides (STO) and complex tea orchard with the weed Hedyotis uncinella (CTO), each with an area of 0. 4 hm2, were established in 1995 in Yingde Hongxing Tea Plantation, Guangdong Province. The primary eigenvalues, species richness index (R), assemblage diversity index (H'), evenness index (J) and species concentration index (C) of arthropod assemblage were employed and compared to assess the efficacy of STO and CTO on the diversity and stabilityof arthropod assemblage.