Ischemic Stroke Induces ROS Accumulation, Maladaptive Mitophagy, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Minipigs.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced adaptive/maladaptive mitophagy plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, most studies have been conducted using rodent models, which limits their clinical application. In this study, we aimed to develop porcine models of permanent stroke and observe the pathophysiological alterations caused by acute ischemic stroke, focusing on ROS-induced mitophagy.

Temporal dynamics of neutrophil functions in multiple sclerosis.

Early neuroinflammatory injury plays a crucial role in initiating and progressing multiple sclerosis (MS). Neutrophils are forerunners to neural lesions in MS, yet the temporal alterations of their functions in MS remains unclear. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between circulatory neutrophil counts and disease activity and severity in treatment-naïve MS patients.

Tumor-derived EBV-miR-BART2-5p promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis by inducing pre-metastatic endothelial cell pyroptosis.

Extravasation is a key step in tumor metastasis. Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) plays a crucial role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of EBV during tumor cell extravasation remains unclear.

Prognostic Prediction and Risk Stratification of Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Dual-Center Study.

Purpose: The combination of transarterial chemoembolization, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy (triple therapy) has shown promising outcomes in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to build a prognostic model to identify patients who could benefit from triple therapy.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study encompassed 242 patients with HCC who underwent triple therapy from two centers (Training cohort: 158 patients from the Center 1; External validation cohort: 84 patients from the Center 2).

Retrospective analysis of diet and gut microbiota diversity and clinical pharmacology outcomes in patients with Parkinsonism syndrome.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a global neurodegenerative ailment impacting millions, causes significant degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Emerging research underscores the gut microbiota's role in PD onset. Yet, investigations in Chinese demographics are lacking.

Three hertz orthostatic tremor as "red flag sign" candidate for multiple system atrophy.

Aim: This study investigates the potential of 3-Hz orthostatic tremor (OT) as a diagnostic red-flag sign for differentiating multiple system atrophy (MSA) from Parkinson's disease (PD).

Patients And Methods: A total of 615 PD patients and 234 MSA patients (120 MSA-P and 114 MSA-C) participated. OT at ~ 3 Hz and other frequencies was identified through rhythmic postural sway on the stabilogram map and confirmed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis.

Lysosomal TFEB-TRPML1 Axis in Astrocytes Modulates Depressive-like Behaviors.

Lysosomes are important cellular structures for human health as centers for recycling, signaling, metabolism and stress adaptation. However, the potential role of lysosomes in stress-related emotions has long been overlooked. Here, it is found that lysosomal morphology in astrocytes is altered in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of susceptible mice after chronic social defeat stress.

Calycosin activates Nrf2/Keap1 signaling to ameliorate hydrogen peroxide-induced spinal cord neuron death and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of secondary injury of spinal cord injuries. Controlling oxidative stress is crucial for mitigating secondary injury and promoting functional recovery after spinal cord injuries. Calycosin is an O-methylated isoflavone with antioxidant activity.

Alterations of apparent diffusion coefficient from ultra high b-values in the bilateral thalamus and striatum in MRI-negative drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective: Subcortical nuclei such as the thalamus and striatum have been shown to be related to seizure modulation and termination, especially in drug-resistant epilepsy. Enhance diffusion-weighted imaging (eDWI) technique and tri-component model have been used in previous studies to calculate apparent diffusion coefficient from ultra high b-values (ADCuh). This study aimed to explore the alterations of ADCuh in the bilateral thalamus and striatum in MRI-negative drug-resistant epilepsy.

Astrocytic ALKBH5 in stress response contributes to depressive-like behaviors in mice.

Epigenetic mechanisms bridge genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of major depression disorder (MDD). However, the cellular specificity and sensitivity of environmental stress on brain epitranscriptomics and its impact on depression remain unclear. Here, we found that ALKBH5, an RNA demethylase of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), was increased in MDD patients' blood and depression models.

A PET-based radiomics nomogram for individualized predictions of seizure outcomes after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.

Purpose: To establish and validate a novel nomogram based on clinical characteristics and [F]FDG PET radiomics for the prediction of postsurgical seizure freedom in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Patients And Methods: 234 patients with drug-refractory TLE patients were included with a median follow-up time of 24 months after surgery. The correlation coefficient redundancy analysis and LASSO Cox regression were used to characterize risk factors.

Machine learning techniques based on F-FDG PET radiomics features of temporal regions for the classification of temporal lobe epilepsy patients from healthy controls.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical application of F-FDG PET radiomics features for temporal lobe epilepsy and to create PET radiomics-based machine learning models for differentiating temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients from healthy controls.

Methods: A total of 347 subjects who underwent F-FDG PET scans from March 2014 to January 2020 (234 TLE patients: 25.50 ± 8.

Treatment algorithms of relapsing multiple sclerosis: an exploration based on the available disease-modifying therapies in China.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) was defined as a rare disease in China due to its low prevalence. For a long time, interferon β was the only approved disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Since the first oral DMT was approved in 2018, DMT approval accelerated, and seven DMTs were approved within 5 years.

Nuclear transport of phosphorylated LanCL2 promotes invadopodia formation and tumor progression of glioblastoma by activating STAT3/Cortactin signaling.

Introduction: Our previous study showed that the abscisic acid receptor lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LanCL2) is a significant prognostic factor for overall survival in young glioblastoma patients. However, the role of LanCL2 in glioblastoma remains unclear yet.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of LanCL2 in regulating in-vitro cell invasion and in-vivo tumor progression of glioblastoma and its underlying mechanism.

Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy Is Associated with HLA-A*3303 and HLA-DPB1*0501.

We determined the genetic association between specific human leucocyte antigen (HLA) loci and autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy. Our results showed that autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy was associated with HLA-A*3303 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.

[Predicting cerebral glioma enhancement pattern using a machine learning-based magnetic resonance imaging radiomics model].

Objective: To establish a machine learning radiomics model that can accurately predict MRI enhancement patterns of glioma based on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images for optimizing the workflow of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of glioma patients.

Methods: We retrospectively collected preoperative MR T2-FLAIR images from 385 patients with pathologically confirmed glioma, who were divided into enhancing and non-enhancing groups according to the enhancement pattern. Predictive radiomics models were established using Gaussian Process, Linear Regression, Linear Regression-Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, Support Vector Machine, Linear Discriminant Analysis or Naive Bayes as the classifiers in the training cohort (=201)and tested both in the internal (=85) and external validation cohorts (=99).

Comparison of Short-Term Surgery Outcomes and Clinical Characteristics Between Elderly and Non-Elderly Patients with Middle Third Parasagittal and Parafalcine Meningiomas.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the short-term surgery outcomes of the resection of meningiomas and clinical characteristics between elderly and non-elderly patients.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent a resection of middle third parasagittal and parafalcine meningiomas between January 2011 and December 2020. All lesions arise from the middle third of the parafalcine or infiltrate superior sagittal sinus (SSS).

Three Hertz postural leg tremor impairs posture maintenance in multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type.

Background: Three-Hz postural leg tremor has recently been identified as highly prevalent in patients with the cerebellar type of multiple system atrophy, but its impact on posture maintenance remains poorly understood.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-seven patients with spinocerebellar ataxia and 58 others with cerebellar type of multiple system atrophy were given Synapsys posturography examinations. Fifty-three healthy controls were also tested.

Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict prognosis in HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis patients: a multicenter study.

Purpose: To predict prognosis in HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients by developing and validating a machine learning (ML) model.

Methods: This study involved 523 HIV-negative CM patients diagnosed between January 1, 1998, and August 31, 2022, by neurologists from 3 tertiary Chinese centers. Prognosis was evaluated at 10 weeks after the initiation of antifungal therapy.

Effects of ketogenic diet on the classification and functional composition of intestinal flora in children with mitochondrial epilepsy.

The ketogenic diet (KD) has shown excellent performance in the treatment of refractory epilepsy, but how it works is not yet fully understood. Gut microbiota is associated with various neurological disorders through the brain-gut axis. Different dietary patterns have different effects on the composition and function of gut microbiota.

[Correlation between spinous process deviation and lumbar disc herniation in young patients].

Objective: To explore the relationship between spinous process deviation and lumbar disc herniation in young patients.

Methods: From March 2015 to January 2022, 30 treated young (under the age of 30) patients with lumbar disc herniation were included as the young group. In addition 30 middle-aged patients (quinquagenarian group) with lumbar disc herniation and 30 patients with non-degenerative spinal diseases (young non-degenerative group) were selected as control groups.

National Brain Tumour Registry of China (NBTRC) statistical report of primary brain tumours diagnosed in China in years 2019-2020.

Background: The lack of a well-designed brain tumour registry with standardized pathological diagnoses in underdeveloped countries hinders the ability to compare epidemiologic data across the globe. The National Brain Tumour Registry of China (NBTRC), created in January 2018, is the first multi-hospital-based brain tumour registry in China. Patient data reported to the NBTRC in years 2019-2020 were assessed.