Treadmill exercise prevents stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors via enhancing the excitatory input from the primary motor cortex to the thalamocortical circuit.

Physical exercise effectively prevents anxiety disorders caused by environmental stress. The neural circuitry mechanism, however, remains incomplete. Here, we identified a previously unrecognized pathway originating from the primary motor cortex (M1) to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) via the ventromedial thalamic (VM) nuclei in male mice.

Sequencing and characterizing human mitochondrial genomes in the biobank-based genomic research paradigm.

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) harbors essential mutations linked to aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and complex muscle disorders. Due to its uniparental and haploid inheritance, mtDNA captures matrilineal evolutionary trajectories, playing a crucial role in population and medical genetics. However, critical questions about the genomic diversity patterns, inheritance models, and evolutionary and medical functions of mtDNA remain unresolved or underexplored, particularly in the transition from traditional genotyping to large-scale genomic analyses.

Prevalence of malnutrition among adult inpatients in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Malnutrition substantially contributes to adverse clinical outcomes. However, no national survey has been conducted to characterize its epidemiology in hospital settings in China. We conducted the China Nutrition Fundamental Data 2020 project among a multistage stratified cluster sample of adult inpatients from 291 study sites across 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (except for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan Province, and the Xizang Autonomous Region, please see MATERIALS AND METHODS for details of the causes) of China to generate reliable data on the prevalence of malnutrition and explore the associated risk factors.

The influence of social status and promise levels in trust games: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) study.

Promises are widely used to increase trust in social status; yet how promise levels and social status influence trust behavior and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. We used a modified trust game to investigate the effects of promise levels and social status on trust behavior. Participants, as investors paired with trustees of varying social status who were given the opportunity to promise to return different levels of money, were required to decide to whether trust the trustees.

Leveraging a phased pangenome for haplotype design of hybrid potato.

The tetraploid genome and clonal propagation of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) dictate a slow, non-accumulative breeding mode of the most important tuber crop. Transitioning potato breeding to a seed-propagated hybrid system based on diploid inbred lines has the potential to greatly accelerate its improvement.

A prospective and comparative study on improving the diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer based on deep convolutional neural network real-time diagnosis system (with video).

Background: Endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) is a challenge. It is not clear whether deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model could improve the endoscopists' diagnostic performance.

Methods: We established a DCNN-assisted system and found that accuracy of diagnosis is higher than endoscopists.

Efficient optical parametric amplification in the thin film lithium niobate waveguides.

Prominent platforms based on thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) are superior integrated-photonics platforms for efficient optical parametric amplification (OPA), however, previously few studies have been systematically reported the gain-boosting performance of TFLN waveguides compared to bulk LN waveguides. Here, we optimize two TFLN waveguides with dispersion engineering for high-efficiency and ultra-broadband gain of OPA, then report comparative results about the efficient ultra-broadband OPA of TFLN waveguides in the case of low loss, optimized waveguide length and pump power. Note that the efficient ultra-broadband OPA of TFLN waveguides is represented by the peak gain (71.

A non-associated constitutive model based on yld2004-18p yield criterion and its applications on sheet metal forming analysis.

For sheet metals, anisotropy is a significant property affecting sheet metal forming processes. The anisotropy of sheet metals is caused by the rolling process, and several anisotropic constitutive models have been proposed under the non-associated flow rule to describe the deformation and stress anisotropies of sheet metals independently. However, most of them are based on yield functions that are only identified by the experimental data of orthogonal axes, or yield functions that are applicable to only the plane stress state.

A mechanism with positive feedback governing the transitions in super-low temperature physics studied via a two-species condensate with spin-1 atoms.

The ground states of two-species condensates with spin-1 atoms have been studied analytically and numerically. All the results from the analytical approach are checked by the latter. The [Formula: see text] channel has been neglected, where λ is the coupled spin of two different atoms.

Masked autoencoder of multi-scale convolution strategy combined with knowledge distillation for facial beauty prediction.

Facial beauty prediction (FBP) is a leading area of research in artificial intelligence. Currently, there is a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data in the FBP database. The features extracted by the model based on supervised training are limited, resulting in low prediction accuracy.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus).

The Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), a finfish with the largest biomass of a single species in the Yellow and East China Seas, plays an important pivotal role in converting zooplanktons into high trophic fish in the food web. As a result, the fish is regard as a key species in its habiting ecosystem. However, the lack of genomic resources hampers our understanding of its genetic diversity and differentiation, as well as the evolutionary dynamics.

Dynamics of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex revealed by in-situ structural analysis.

The multi-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle and plays vital roles in metabolism, energy production, and cellular signaling. Although all components have been individually characterized, the intact PDHc structure remains unclear, hampering our understanding of its composition and dynamical catalytic mechanisms. Here, we report the in-situ architecture of intact mammalian PDHc by cryo-electron tomography.

Periodontitis Exacerbates Colorectal Cancer by Altering Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolomics in Mice.

Aim: The correlation between periodontitis and colorectal cancer (CRC) has drawn widespread attention. However, how periodontitis affects CRC progression remains unclear.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were used to establish experimental periodontitis and CRC model.

Global vaccine research and application hotspots and trends: a systematic bibliometric analysis based on SCIE highly cited papers.

Objectives: COVID-19, a public health emergency affecting the world in 2019, not only greatly promoted the development and application of vaccines but also effectively shortened the publishing time of scientific papers. In view of these facts, the current situation, status, problems and development trends of vaccine research and application were explored through bibliometric analysis of highly cited papers in the vaccine field within the time frame of 2014-2024, and the countries, institutions, authors, funding agencies and other relevant information that contributed most to vaccine research and application were summarised.

Design: Bibliometric analysis through data analysis and visual mapping.

Allergen sensitization patterns: Allergic rhinitis with multimorbidity versus alone-A real-world study.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) multimorbidity may need to be considered a specific disease because of distinct clinical and immunological differences from AR alone. Allergic multimorbidity often involves polysensitization, where allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a significant role.

Objective: This study aims to explore differences in allergen IgE sensitization patterns between AR alone and AR multimorbidity.

Sphingolipid remodeling in the plasma membrane is essential for osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Osmotic stress caused by drought, salinity, or cold conditions is an important abiotic factor that decreases membrane integrity and causes cell death, thus decreasing plant growth and productivity. Remodeling cell membrane composition via lipid turnover can counter the loss of membrane integrity and cell death caused by osmotic stress. Sphingolipids are important components of eukaryotic membrane systems; however, how sphingolipids participate in plant responses to osmotic stress remains unclear.

Non-destructive prediction and pixel-level visualization of polysaccharide-based properties in ancient paper using SWNIR hyperspectral imaging and machine learning.

Ancient documents and artworks are invaluable cultural heritage artworks that require careful preservation. Traditional methods for assessing their physical and chemical properties-such as tearing index, tensile index, water absorption, and pH-are often destructive, risking irreversible damage. This study introduces a novel, non-destructive approach using Short-Wave Near-Infrared (SWNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with advanced machine learning models.

High-speed atomic force microscopy reveals opposite traffic of processive chitinases impairs α-chitin biodegradation.

The antiparallelly organized α-chitin exhibits greater thermodynamic stability and is more recalcitrant to degradation than its parallel allomorph, β-chitin, thereby impeding the efficient utilization of this natural resource. The processive chitinases usually provide the majority of catalytic potential for chitin biodegradation. Using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM), we revealed that the opposite traffic of OfChi-h, the only processive chitinase involved in chitin biodegradation in the insect Ostrinia furnacalis, is a key factor that significantly affects α-chitin degradation.

Versatile poly (deep eutectic solvents) electroactive chitosan eutectogel for infected wound healing and monitoring administration.

The treatment and monitoring of infected skin wounds present significant clinical challenges. Herein, a multifunctional poly(deep eutectic solvent) (PDES) electroactive hydrogel is developed by optimizing the components and the ratio of hydrogen donors and acceptors, achieving well wound hemostasis, wound healing, and monitoring administration performace. The PDES hydrogel dressing exhibits mechanical properties, including high toughness, fatigue resistance (over 9000 compression cycles), and superior skin adhesion (over 70 kPa).

The effect of low donor-to-recipient body weight ratio on graft survival after dual kidney transplantation from pediatric deceased donors.

Background: Dual kidney transplantation (DKT) from small pediatric donors, either en-bloc or split dual kidney transplantation, contributes to mitigating organ scarcity. This study investigates the prognosis of DKT from pediatric deceased donors, and influencing factors.

Method: A retrospective study included recipients who underwent DKT from pediatric donors between 2012 and 2022.

Longitudinal Changes of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer in Highly Myopic Glaucoma: A 3-year Cohort Study.

Purpose: To describe the longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL) thicknesses in highly myopic eyes with and without glaucoma, and to investigate the effects of high myopia (HM) on the sectoral patterns of pRNFL and mGC-IPL thinning.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Participants: A total of 243 eyes from 243 individuals with 3-year follow-up were included in this study: 109 eyes in the HM group, 64 eyes in the open-angle glaucoma (OAG) group and 70 eyes in the highly myopic glaucoma (HMG) group.

Glutathione-scavenging natural-derived ferroptotic nano-amplifiers strengthen tumor therapy through aggravating iron overload and lipid peroxidation.

Nanomedicine-driven ferroptosis has emerged as a promising tumor treatment strategy through delivering exogenous iron and aggravating the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides (LPO). However, the compensatory mechanisms of ferroptosis defense systems in cancer cells compromise the therapeutic efficacy and lead to potential side effects. Herein, a highly effective ferroptotic nano-amplifier is designed to synergistically promote ferroptosis via increasing intracellular labile iron, exacerbating lipid peroxidation and overcoming the defense system.

Characterizing childhood trauma in individuals based on patterns of intrinsic brain connectivity.

Childhood maltreatment represents a strong psychological stressor that may lead to the development of later psychopathology as well as a heightened risk of health and social problems. Despite a surge of interest in examining behavioral, neurocognitive, and brain connectivity profiles sculpted by such early adversity over the past decades, little is known about the neurobiological substrates underpinning childhood maltreatment. Here, we aim to detect the effects of childhood maltreatment on whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in a cohort of healthy adults and to explore whether such RSFC profiles can be used to predict the severity of childhood trauma in subjects based on a data-driven connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM).

The relationship between behavioral inhibition and resting electroencephalography: A neuroelectrophysiological study.

Investigating the neurophysiological indicators of behavioral inhibition is crucial; however, despite numerous studies on the relationship between behavioral inhibition and resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG), the findings have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, these investigations primarily focused on reactive inhibition while neglecting intentional inhibition. Therefore, this study aimed to reassess the correlation between reactive inhibition and rs-EEG metrics while also exploring the association between intentional inhibition and rs-EEG.

Impact of pretreatment strategies and cleaning methods on the cleaning efficacy of electrosurgical instruments: a multicentre study.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of different pretreatment strategies and cleaning methods on the cleaning efficacy of electrosurgical instruments, aiming to propose an optimal protocol.

Methods: A total of 573 electrosurgical instruments were collected from three large-scale hospitals within two hours post-use from December 2023 to July 2024. The instruments were categorized into six group: medical alkaline or multi-enzyme cleaner, or instant foam-type multi-enzyme humectant, followed by either manual cleaning or vacuum boiling washer.