Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Public health issues related to tuberculosis still exist. Because Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra is more effective than conventional TB diagnostic techniques are, it is now regarded as an emerging technology. The diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for tuberculosis was assessed in this systematic study.

Unravelling the prognostic and operative role of intratumoural microbiota in non-small cell lung cancer: Insights from 16S rRNA and RNA sequencing.

Background: Complex interrelationships between the microbiota and cancer have been identified by several studies. However, despite delineating microbial composition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), key pathogenic microbiota and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: We performed 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon and transcriptome sequencing on cancerous and adjacent normal tissue samples from 30 patients with NSCLC, from which clinical characteristics and prognosis outcomes were collected.

Association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and endometriosis: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data.

Background: Prior research indicates a potential link between dyslipidemia and endometriosis (EMs). However, the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and EMs has not been thoroughly investigated. Consequently, looking into and clarifying the connection between RC and EMs was the primary goal of this study.

Association of Forced Expiratory Volume in 0.5s With All-Cause Mortality Risk in Adults.

Introduction: Previous studies have proposed forced expiratory volume in 0.5s (FEV) to determine health outcomes in infants and young children, but few studies exist in adults. This study aims to investigate the associations between FEV and all-cause mortality in adults.

Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Molecular Imaging of Fibrotic Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using F-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT in assessing the fibrotic remodeling of the pulmonary artery (PA) and the right ventricle (RV) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PAH, rats were euthanized at different time points for tissue analysis (fibroblast activation protein immunofluorescence and Masson's trichrome staining) after completing F-FAPI PET/CT and hemodynamic measurements. Thirty-eight PAH patients were enrolled to participate in F-FAPI PET/CT imaging, with right heart catheterization and echocardiography performed within 1 wk to assess pulmonary hemodynamics and cardiac function.

Stability of expansion effects following Miniscrew-assisted Rapid Palatal expansion: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the dental and skeletal stability one year after Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) by using 3D image data.

Methods: Patients with transverse maxillary deficiency from the age of 16 onwards were enrolled consecutively in this prospective longitudinal cohort study. The MARPE appliance was digitally and individually designed and fabricated.

The Characteristics of the Concavity of Descending Limb of Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves Generated by Spirometry.

Purpose: This study examined the concavity (angle β, central and peripheral concavity) of the descending limb of the maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves to reflect various ventilatory defects, including obstructive, restrictive, or mixed patterns.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study collecting spirometry data from a healthcare center and a tertiary hospital between 2017 and 2022, with additional raw flow-volume curve data from primary healthcare institutions in 2023. We analyzed differences in concavity between spirometric patterns.

IDO1 inhibitor enhances the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer by promoting macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype polarization.

Microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is a subtype of CRC that generally exhibits resistance to immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 blockade. This study investigates the effects and underlying mechanisms of combining PD-1 blockade with IDO1 inhibition in MSS CRC. Bioinformatics analyses of TCGA-COAD and TCGA-READ cohorts revealed significantly elevated IDO1 expression in CRC tumors, correlating with tumor mutation burden across TCGA datasets.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Advances in Aggrephagy: Mechanisms, Disease Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies.

The accumulation of misfolded proteins within cells leads to the formation of protein aggregates that disrupt normal cellular functions and contribute to a range of human pathologies, notably neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, the investigation into the mechanisms of aggregate formation and their subsequent clearance is of considerable importance for the development of therapeutic strategies. The clearance of protein aggregates is predominantly achieved via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, a process known as aggrephagy.

Evaluation of the MDM-score system for screening mitochondrial diabetes mellitus in newly diagnosed diabetes patients: a multi-center cohort study in China.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of MDM-score system in screening for mitochondrial diabetes mellitus (MDM) with m.3243A>G mutation in newly diagnosed diabetes.

Methods: From 2015 to 2017, we recruited 5130 newly diagnosed diabetes patients distributed in 46 hospitals in China.

Liposomal mitoxantrone monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory mature T-cell and natural killer-cell neoplasms: A phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial.

Introduction: The prognosis of relapsed or refractory mature T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma remains dismal. Novel agents are urgently needed to improve the outcomes for this population.

Methods: In this phase 2, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study (NCT03776279), the authors report the efficacy and safety of liposomal mitoxantrone (Lipo-MIT) monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory mature T- and NK-cell lymphoma.

Fibrous dysplasia in the alveolar crest of edentulous site and the curettage for future implant placement: a case report.

Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a self-limiting benign disease with slow progression in which the normal bone is replaced by dysplastic fibrous tissue. The craniofacial skeleton is one of the most commonly affected areas, and it can create unique challenges in dental implant therapy. This case aims to report an unusual presentation of FD localized in the alveolar crest bone of the edentulous site, causing special obstacles to implant placement, and provide a diagnostic and treatment process that may be referenced.

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be a significant issue, leading to premature death or reduced quality of life. It's important to assess the current burden of COPD and its risk factors on a geographical basis to guide health policy.

Methods: Data on the prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to COPD, and risk-attributable burden were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 database.

First Reported Case of Hemoglobin H Disease Caused by the Rare α-Globin Gene Mutation ( c.244delT) in a Chinese Family.

Microcytosis of red cells and mild anemia are common in thalassemia carriers but those phenotypes are not specific. It is really a challenge for clinical interpretation of those variants. Co-segregation with disease in affected family members or specific phenotypes such as the abnormal Hb H are very helpful to assess the pathogenicity of rare variants.

Arctiin alleviates the progression of osteoarthritis by regulating the cholesterol metabolic pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multi-factorial degenerative joint disease with unclear pathogenesis. Conservative treatments, primarily aimed at pain relief, fail to halt disease progression. Metabolic syndrome has recently been implicated in OA pathogenesis, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Plasma fibronectin is a prognostic biomarker of disability in Parkinson's disease: a prospective, multicenter cohort study.

In a prospective longitudinal study with 218 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in the discovery cohort and 84 in the validation cohort, we aimed to identify novel blood biomarkers predicting disability milestones in PD. Through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator-Cox (Lasso-Cox) regression, developed nomogram predictive model and Linear mixed-effects models, we identified low level of plasma fibronectin (pFN) as one of the best-performing risk markers in predicting disability milestones. A low level of pFN was associated with a short milestone-free survival period in PD.

[Structural equation analysis and modeling of wrist WMSDs and its adverse ergonomic factors].

To investigate the relationships and impacts between various occupational ergonomic hazards and hand and wrist fatigue, as well as work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the hand and wrist, and to propose targeted preventive and intervention measures for adverse occupational ergonomic factors causing WMSDs of the hand and wrist. From 2018 to December 2023, a nationwide epidemiologic survey study of wrist WMSDs was conducted using the Chinese version of the electronic questionnaire system for musculoskeletal disorders.A total of 88, 609 valid questionnaires were collected.

YAP K236 acetylation facilitates its nucleic export and deprived the protection against cardiac hypertrophy in mice.

The subcellular localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) is dynamically regulated by post-transcriptional modifications, critically influencing cardiac function. Despite its significance, the precise mechanism controlling YAP nuclear sequestration and its role in cardiac hypertrophy remain poorly defined. In this study, utilizing immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, we identified potential acetylation sites and interacting proteins of YAP.

The epidemiology and gene mutation characteristics of pyrazinamide-resistant clinical isolates in Southern China.

This study investigates the epidemic trend of pyrazinamide (PZA)-resistant tuberculosis in Southern China over 11 years (2012-2022) and evaluates the mutation characteristics of PZA resistance-related genes ( and ) in clinical () isolates. To fulfil these goals, we analyzed the phenotypic PZA resistance characteristics of 14,927 clinical isolates for which Bactec MGIT 960 PZA drug susceptibility testing (DST) results were available, revealing that 2,054 (13.76%) isolates were resistant to PZA.

Raddeanin A (RA) Inhibited EMT and Stemness in Glioblastoma via downregulating Skp2.

Glioblastoma (GBM), notorious for its poor prognosis, stands as a formidable challenge within the central nervous system tumor category, primarily due to its intricate pathology that encompasses stemness and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The ubiquity of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) overexpression in GBM, a protein implicated in both EMT and stemness traits, correlates with increased drug resistance, elevated tumor grades, and adverse outcomes. This investigation delves into the impact of Raddeanin A (RA), a triterpenoid compound extracted from Anemone raddeana Regel, on GBM, with a special focus on its influence over Skp2 expression levels.

rs11614913 C Allele is Associated with Increased Wilms Tumor Susceptibility in Chinese Children.

Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is the most common kidney cancer in children. The rs11614913 T>C polymorphism has been identified as a susceptibility locus in various adult cancers. However, it is unclear whether this polymorphism also increases the risk of pediatric cancer.

MicroRNA MTCO3P38 Inhibits the TMOD1/MMP13 Pathway to Alleviate the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest types of tumors. MicroRNA (miRNA) MTCO3P38 is a novel miRNA derived from the pseudogene MTCO3P38 with 18 nucleotides in length. The target genes of miR-MTCO3P38 were predicted by Targetscan, RNAhybrid and PITA.