A clinical analysis and literature review of eleven cases with primary pulmonary angiosarcoma.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the clinicopathological features, radiographic manifestations, treatment options, and prognosis of primary pulmonary angiosarcoma (PPAS).

Method: We summarized and analyzed the clinical data of 11 patients with primary pulmonary angiosarcoma treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2018 and January 2024. A retrospective analysis was conducted in conjunction with a review of the relevant literature.

NRP1 instructs IL-17-producing ILC3s to drive colitis progression.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) control tissue homeostasis and orchestrate mucosal inflammation; however, the precise mechanisms governing ILC3 activity are fully understood. Here, we identified the transmembrane protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) as a positive regulator of interleukin (IL)-17-producing ILC3s in the intestine. NRP1 was markedly upregulated in intestinal mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with healthy controls.

Clostridium difficile-derived membrane vesicles promote fetal growth restriction via inhibiting trophoblast motility through PPARγ/RXRα/ANGPTL4 axis.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, which seriously endangers fetal health and still lacks effective therapeutic targets. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is associated with fetal birth weight, and its membrane vesicles (MVs) are pathogenic vectors.

SLC15A2 Serves as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Target for Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: Solute carrier (SLC) family 15 member 2 (SLC15A2) is an integral member of the SLC family that plays a pivotal role in numerous biological processes, including the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. However, its role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains inadequately elucidated. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of SLC15A2 in PCa.

ClC-5 knockout mitigates angiotensin II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction.

Aims: Impairment of nitric oxide (NO) production is a major cause of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. ClC-5 Cl channel is abundantly expressed in the vascular endothelium. However, it remains unclear how it regulates endothelial function.

Genetic evidence for the causal effects of air pollution on the risk of respiratory diseases.

Background: Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated a robust association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and respiratory diseases. However, establishing causal relationships remains challenging due to residual confounding in observational studies. In this study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to explore the causal and epigenetic relationships between various air pollutants and common respiratory diseases.

Comparison of fresh testicular sperm aspiration and use of either thawed pre-frozen sperm or oocyte freezing: impact on cumulative live birth rates for couples experiencing ejaculation failure.

Study Question: Is there a difference in the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) after fresh testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) compared with the use of either pre-frozen sperm or oocyte freezing for couples experiencing ejaculation failure on the day of oocyte retrieval?

Summary Answer: After adjusting for confounding factors, the use of pre-frozen sperm or the freezing and thawing of oocytes appeared to be as effective as TESA in achieving CLBRs for couples experiencing temporary ejaculation failure.

What Is Known Already: Male patients may be concerned about experiencing temporary ejaculation failure on the day of their partner's oocyte retrieval, in which case they may choose surgical sperm retrieval, oocyte freezing on the day, or have their sperm frozen in advance. However, the clinical efficacy of these three options has not yet been evaluated.

Red ginseng prevents niraparib-induced myelosuppression in C57BL/6 mice via inhibiting p53-mediated upregulation of p21 and p27.

Myelosuppression is a serious and common complication of targeted therapy for cancer patients, and there are few studies exploring the efficacy of natural drugs in this condition. Niraparib is a widely used targeted therapy for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. As a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, niraparib significantly improves progression-free and overall survival in patients.

A deep learning based smartphone application for early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using endoscopic images.

Nasal endoscopy is crucial for the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but its accuracy relies heavily on the clinician's expertise, posing challenges for primary healthcare providers. Here, we retrospectively analysed 39,340 nasal endoscopic white-light images from three high-incidence NPC centres, utilising eight advanced deep learning models to develop an Internet-enabled smartphone application, "Nose-Keeper", that can be used for early detection of NPC and five prevalent nasal diseases and assessment of healthy individuals. Our app demonstrated a remarkable overall accuracy of 92.

RICTOR variants are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

RICTOR is a key component of the mTORC2 signaling complex which is involved in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation and survival. RICTOR is highly expressed in neurons and is necessary for brain development. Here, we report eight unrelated patients presenting with intellectual disability and/or development delay and carrying variants in the RICTOR gene.

Chronic exposure to liquid crystal monomer EBCN at environmentally relevant concentrations induces testicular dysfunction via the gut-testis axis.

4-Cyano-4'-ethoxybiphenyl (EBCN) is a representative cyano liquid crystal monomer (LCM). While prior studies have documented the widespread occurrence of LCMs in diverse environmental and biological samples, research on their reproductive effects in vivo remains limited. This study employed 35-day and 70-day exposure models in mice to assess the short-term and long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of EBCN on testicular health.

Cardiomyocyte-specific Piezo1 deficiency mitigates ischemia-reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial homeostasis.

Ca overload and mitochondrial dysfunction play crucial roles in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is essential for intracellular Ca homeostasis. The objective of this research was to explore the effects of Piezo1 on mitochondrial function during myocardial I/R injury.

Oral administration of pioglitazone inhibits pulmonary hypertension by regulating the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in male rats.

The oral administrated thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been widely reported to alleviate experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, previous studies mainly focused on their beneficial effects on the cardiopulmonary vascular system but failed to determine their potential roles on gut microenvironment. This study aims to investigate the effects of pioglitazone, an oral TZD drug, on gut microbiome in classic PH rat models induced by hypoxia (HPH) or SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx-PH) and evaluate the therapeutic potential of supplementation of selective probiotics for experimental PH.

LncRNA Tug1 Regulates Post-Stroke Microglial Pyroptosis via PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy.

Microglia, the central nervous system's primary immune cells, play a key role in the progression of cerebral ischemic stroke, particularly through their involvement in pyroptosis. The long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (Tug1) is elevated during ischemic stroke and is critical in driving post-stroke neuroinflammation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Sex hormones and immune regulation in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women, with immune regulation playing a critical role in its progression and treatment response. This review explores the interplay between sex hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, and immune regulation in ovarian cancer. We delve into the mechanisms by which these hormones influence immune cell function, modulate immune checkpoints, and alter the tumor microenvironment.

ALCAM is an entry factor for severe community acquired Pneumonia-associated Human adenovirus species B.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a widely spread respiratory pathogen that can cause infections in multiple tissues and organs. Previous studies have established an association between HAdV species B (HAdV-B) infection and severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). However, the connection between SCAP-associated HAdV-B infection and host factor expression profile in patients has not been systematically investigated.

Alleviating batch effects in cell type deconvolution with SCCAF-D.

Cell type deconvolution methods can impute cell proportions from bulk transcriptomics data, revealing changes in disease progression or organ development. But benchmarking studies often use simulated bulk data from the same source as the reference, which limits its application scenarios. This study examines batch effects in deconvolution and introduces SCCAF-D, a computational workflow that ensures a Pearson Correlation Coefficient above 0.

The mechanism of discriminative aminoacylation by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase based on wobble nucleotide recognition.

The faithful charging of amino acids to cognate tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) determines the fidelity of protein translation. Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS) distinguishes tRNA from tRNA solely based on the nucleotide at wobble position (N34), and a single substitution at N34 could exchange the aminoacylation specificity between two tRNAs. Here, we report the structural and biochemical mechanism of N34 recognition-based tRNA discrimination by Saccharomyces cerevisiae IleRS (ScIleRS).

Reconstitution of pluripotency from mouse fibroblast through Sall4 overexpression.

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by overexpressing defined transcription factors. Specifically, overexpression of OCT4 alone has been demonstrated to reprogram mouse fibroblasts into iPSCs. However, it remains unclear whether any other single factor can induce iPSCs formation.

Enhancing human ACE2 expression in mouse models to improve COVID-19 research.

Mice are one of the most common biological models for laboratory use. However, wild-type mice are not susceptible to COVID-19 infection due to the low affinity of mouse ACE2, the entry protein for SARS-CoV-2. Although mice with human ACE2 (hACE2) driven by Ace2 promoter reflect its tissue specificity, these animals exhibit low ACE2 expression, potentially limiting their fidelity in mimicking COVID-19 manifestations and their utility in viral studies.

Deep Learning-Based Ion Channel Kinetics Analysis for Automated Patch Clamp Recording.

The patch clamp technique is a fundamental tool for investigating ion channel dynamics and electrophysiological properties. This study proposes the first artificial intelligence framework for characterizing multiple ion channel kinetics of whole-cell recordings. The framework integrates machine learning for anomaly detection and deep learning for multi-class classification.

Targeting the Ajuba/Notch axis increases the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil.

Objective: Colorectal cancer is severely challenging because of the insufficient understanding of the mechanism underlying its resistance to clinical chemotherapy. The purpose of our study is to investigate the role of the LIM protein Ajuba (JUB) in the chemoresistance of colon cancer and its potential effect on clinical treatment.

Material And Methods: The protein levels of JUB in colon cancer tissues were evaluated using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry assays.

Suture techniques in the surgical management of flexor tendon, Achilles tendon and cruciate ligament injuries: a systematic review.

Objective: To provide clinicians with reliable recommendations for the selection of appropriate suturing techniques for surgical management of common musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Springer, Web Science, Vip Database, China National Knowledge, and Wanfang Data for in vitro biomechanical studies on suture techniques in the surgical treatment of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries covering relevant studies from April 2009 to April 2024 was performed. A generalized classification was made based on the characteristics of the techniques, and recommendations for the selection of suture techniques were made according to the GRADE concept.

N6-methyladenosine regulates metabolic remodeling in kidney aging through transcriptional regulator GLIS1.

Background: Age-related kidney impairment, characterized by tubular epithelial cell senescence and renal fibrosis, poses a significant global public health threat. Although N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is implicated in various pathological processes, its regulatory mechanism in kidney aging remains unclear.

Methods: An m6A-mRNA epitranscriptomic microarray was performed to identify genes with abnormal m6A modifications in aged human kidney tissues.

Global, regional and national burden due to retinoblastoma in children aged younger than 10 years from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB), an aggressive intraocular malignancy, significantly adds to the global disease burden in early childhood. This study offers insights into the global burden of retinoblastoma (RB) in children aged 0-9 years, examining incidence, mortality, and DALYs from 1990 to 2021, across age, sex, location, and SDI levels. It aims to inform health policy, resource allocation, and RB combat strategies.