[Management of orbital inflammation in internal medicine. Proposal for a diagnostic work-up].

Inflammatory orbitopathies relate to an inflammatory state originating within the orbit and its adnexes, except the inner ocular globe. Orbital inflammation (OI) may be either localized manifestation of a proven or like autoimmune disease, or local response from immune system against infectious, structural or tumoral antigens. We review the clinical manifestations of OI, which provide helpful clues to the diagnosis and describe the inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic conditions classically associated with OI.

Cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer biomarkers can be useful for discriminating dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease at the prodromal stage.

Background: Differential diagnosis between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not straightforward, especially in the early stages of disease. We compared AD biomarkers (phospho-Tau, total-Tau, Aβ42 and Aβ40) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with DLB and AD, focusing especially on the prodromal stage.

Methods: A total of 1221 CSF were collected in different memory centres (ePLM network) in France and analysed retrospectively.

What Is the most Important for Elite Control: Genetic Background of Patient, Genetic Background of Partner, both or neither? Description of Complete Natural History within a Couple of MSM.

Background: We describe a homosexual man who strongly controlled HIV-1 for ten years despite lack of protective genetic background.

Methods: HIV-1 DNA was measured in blood and other tissues. Cell susceptibility was evaluated with various strains.

An observational study of benzodiazepine prescription during inpatient alcohol detoxification for patients with vs. without chronic pretreatment with high-dosage baclofen.

High-dose baclofen is prescribed as a maintenance treatment to reduce alcohol use in patients with alcohol use disorder. Nevertheless, some patients still have massive alcohol intakes and require inpatient alcohol withdrawal. To compare the oral dose of benzodiazepine prescribed to manage alcohol withdrawal symptoms in patients with vs.

Immunogenicity and persistence of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in patients with untreated Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM): A pilot study.

Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic clonal plasma cell disorder that frequently progress to multiple myeloma (MM), a disease at high risk of pneumococcal infections. Moreover, if the polysaccharide vaccine is poorly immunogenic in MM, the 13-valent conjugated vaccine has never been tested in clonal plasma cell disorders. We evaluated its immunogenicity for 7 serotypes in 20 patients ≥ 50 years of age with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) pre and post routine-vaccination with PCV13.

[Uveitis: Diagnostic work-up. Recommendations from an expert committee].

Introduction: Diagnostic work-up of uveitis involves many uncertainties. Search for an etiology should take into account the epidemiology of uveitis and focus on the most severe diseases or those, which can be treated. This work was undertaken to establish recommendations for the diagnosis work-up of uveitis.

Association between hypo- and hyperkalemia and outcome in acute heart failure patients: the role of medications.

Background: The interaction between chronic medications on admission and the association between serum potassium level and outcome in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) are unknown.

Methods: Observational intercontinental study of patients admitted with AHF. 15954 patients were included from 12 cohorts in 4 continents.

Cognitive and imaging markers in non-demented subjects attending a memory clinic: study design and baseline findings of the MEMENTO cohort.

Background: The natural history and disease mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) are still poorly understood. Very few resources are available to scrutinise patients as early as needed and to use integrative approaches combining standardised, repeated clinical investigations and cutting-edge biomarker measurements.

Methods: In the nationwide French MEMENTO cohort study, participants were recruited in memory clinics and screened for either isolated subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI; defined as test performance 1.

Diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii Across Europe: A Multicentre Observational Study.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an airborne human-specific ascomycetous fungus responsible for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, affecting >500,000 patients per year (www.gaffi.org).

Tracing Genetic Exchange and Biogeography of var. at the Global Population Level.

var. is the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis, a significant source of mortality in immunocompromised individuals, typically human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients from developing countries. Despite the worldwide emergence of this ubiquitous infection, little is known about the global molecular epidemiology of this fungal pathogen.

Mycobacterium llatzerense, a waterborne Mycobacterium, that resists phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba castellanii.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacteria increasingly associated to public health problems. In water systems, free-living amoebae (FLA) feed on bacteria by phagocytosis, but several bacteria, including many NTM, are resistant to this predation. Thus, FLA can be seen as a training ground for pathogenic bacteria.

A re-examination of antidepressant treatment-emergent mania in bipolar disorders: evidence of gender differences.

Objective: To explore the prevalence and clinical profile of males and females who develop antidepressant treatment-emergent mania (ATEM).

Method: From an original sample of 754 patients with BD, we identified ATEM+ cases (n = 75) and ATEM- controls (n = 135) that met stringent criteria. We specifically examined the combinations of clinical factors that best classified males and females as ATEM+ cases.

Fluconazole and Echinocandin Resistance of Correlates Better with Antifungal Drug Exposure Rather than with Mutator Genotype in a French Cohort of Patients Harboring Low Rates of Resistance.

is a major pathogenic yeast in humans that is known to rapidly acquire resistance to triazole and echinocandin antifungal drugs. A mutator genotype ( polymorphism) inducing a mismatch repair defect has been recently proposed to be responsible for resistance acquisition in clinical isolates. Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of antifungal resistance in a large cohort of patients in Saint-Louis hospital, Paris, France, some of whom were pre-exposed to antifungal drugs, as well as to determine whether polymorphisms are associated with an increased rate of fluconazole or echinocandin resistance.

[Alzheimer's disease cerebro-spinal fluid biomarkers: A clinical research tool sometimes useful in daily clinical practice of memory clinics for the diagnosis of complex cases].

The role of biomarkers in clinical research was recently highlighted in the new criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (total Tau protein, threonine 181 phosphorylated Tau protein and amyloid Aβ1-42 peptide) are associated with cerebral neuropathological lesions observed in Alzheimer's disease (neuronal death, neurofibrillary tangle with abnormal Tau deposits and amyloid plaque). Aβ1-40 amyloid peptide dosage helps to interpret Aβ1-42 results.

Plasmatic presepsin (sCD14-ST) concentrations in acute pyelonephritis in adult patients.

Introduction: Presepsin (sCD14-ST) is an emerging biomarker for infection. We hypothesized that presepsin could specifically increase during acute pyelonephritis and correlate with severity.

Methods: We compared presepsin values in patients with acute pyelonephritis and controls, and we assessed its capacity to predict bacteraemia and admission in patients.

Network-based analysis of omics data: the LEAN method.

Motivation: Most computational approaches for the analysis of omics data in the context of interaction networks have very long running times, provide single or partial, often heuristic, solutions and/or contain user-tuneable parameters.

Results: We introduce local enrichment analysis (LEAN) for the identification of dysregulated subnetworks from genome-wide omics datasets. By substituting the common subnetwork model with a simpler local subnetwork model, LEAN allows exact, parameter-free, efficient and exhaustive identification of local subnetworks that are statistically dysregulated, and directly implicates single genes for follow-up experiments.

Detection of Circulating Mucorales DNA in Critically Ill Burn Patients: Preliminary Report of a Screening Strategy for Early Diagnosis and Treatment.

Background:  Invasive wound mucormycosis (IWM) is associated with an extremely poor outcome among critically ill burn patients. We describe the detection of circulating Mucorales DNA (cmDNA) for the early diagnosis of IWM in those patients and report the potential value of detecting cmDNA for treatment guidance.

Methods:  Severely ill burn patients admitted to our tertiary referral center between October 2013 and February 2016 were included.

Continuous increase of Trichophyton tonsurans as a cause of tinea capitis in the urban area of Paris, France: a 5-year-long study.

Tinea capitis (TC) is a highly contagious fungal infection of the scalp due to dermatophytes in children. To obtain information on the epidemiology of TC in the urban area of Paris, we analysed the microbiological results of 3090 patients seen with suspected TC from October 2010 to September 2015 at Saint Louis hospital, Paris, France. A peak of TC was observed in 3-6 year-old children, followed by a progressive decrease until 16 years of age.

Copy Number Variation of Mitochondrial DNA Genes in Pneumocystis jirovecii According to the Fungal Load in BAL Specimens.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an unculturable fungus and the causative agent of Pneumocystis pneumonia, a life-threatening opportunistic infection. Although molecular diagnosis is often based on the detection of mtLSU rRNA mitochondrial gene, the number of copies of mitochondrial genes had not been investigated. We developed and optimized six real-time PCR assays in order to determine the copy number of four mitochondrial genes (mtSSU rRNA, mtLSU rRNA, NAD1, and CYTB) in comparison to nuclear genome (DHPS and HSP70) and tested 84 bronchoalveolar fluids of patients at different stages of the infection.

[Nursing management of a refractory cardiac death donor].

The nursing management of a refractory circulatory death donor is a new procedure which forms an integral part of patient care. It comprises technical and organisational aspects, and requires a conceptual, ethical and deontological effort.

New therapeutic strategies for invasive aspergillosis in the era of azole resistance: how should the prevalence of azole resistance be defined?

Given reports showing a high prevalence of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus, alternatives to azole therapy are discussed when a threshold of 10% of azole-resistant environmental isolates is reached. This raises the issue of calculation of this threshold, either on the prevalence of azole-resistant isolates as a whole or on the prevalence of azole-resistant cases in populations at risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA). For isolate evaluation, there are high disparities in routine microbiological procedures for the isolation of A.

[Mitochondrial Neuro-Gastro-Intestinal Encephalopathy (MNGIE): When and how to suspect it in front of an atypical anorexia nervosa?].

Introduction: The Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy (MNGIE) disease is an extremely underrated syndrome beginning around the age of eighteen years. Because of its severity, this diagnosis should be considered when a patient presents an atypical anorexia nervosa. MNGIE disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and related to mutations of the TYMP gene (ch22q13.