Clinical impact of an explainable machine learning with amino acid PET imaging: application to the diagnosis of aggressive glioma.

Purpose: Radiomics-based machine learning (ML) models of amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) images have shown efficiency in glioma prediction tasks. However, their clinical impact on physician interpretation remains limited. This study investigated whether an explainable radiomics model modifies nuclear physicians' assessment of glioma aggressiveness at diagnosis.

Airway Mycobiota-Microbiota During Pulmonary Exacerbation of Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Culture and Targeted Sequencing Study.

Background: The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) harbour complex fungal and bacterial microbiota involved in pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) and requiring antimicrobial treatment. Descriptive studies analysing bacterial and fungal microbiota concomitantly are scarce, especially using both culture and high-throughput-sequencing (HTS).

Objectives: We analysed bacterial-fungal microbiota and inter-kingdom correlations in two French CF centres according to clinical parameters and antimicrobial choices.

Association of a remote monitoring programme with all-cause mortality and hospitalizations in patients with heart failure: National-scale, real-world evidence from a 3-year propensity score analysis of the TELESAT-HF study.

Aims: To examine the association of a remote monitoring programme (RMP) with all-cause mortality and hospital admissions for heart failure (HF) within the French healthcare system.

Methods And Results: A national-scale, real-world, propensity-weighted cohort study was conducted using the SNDS French database from August 2018 to December 2022 (NCT06312501). Patients receiving standard of care (SoC) were compared with those receiving RMP (Satelia® Cardio, NP Medical).

Trends in the epidemiology of intravascular device-associated bacteremia among French hematology patients: insights from the SPIADI prospective multicenter study, 2020-2024.

Hematology patients require central venous catheters for cancer treatment and nutrition, which increases their risk of intravascular device-associated bacteremia. In the absence of recent data, we investigated intravascular device-associated bacteremia in this specific context. A three-month surveillance was conducted annually in 27 hematology wards, using a protocol derived from the HAI-Net ICU ECDC protocol (2020-2024).

Recurrences and rechallenges of suspected drugs in epidermal necrolysis patients.

Background: Epidermal necrolysis (EN) is a rare and severe condition, characterized by a diffuse skin and mucosal detachment and mainly induced by drugs. Literature is scarce regarding the rate of recurrences and culprit drug re-exposure.

Objectives: To assess the rate of EN recurrences as well as high notoriety drugs re-exposures in patients with EN.

Hypereosinophilia and Hypereosinophilic Syndromes: First Findings From a Nationwide Multicenter Cohort.

Background: Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) are a heterogenous group of eosinophilic disorders. To date, only retrospective studies of limited sample-size and/or follow-up duration are available.

Methods: The COHESion study is a national prospective multicenter multidisciplinary cohort recruiting both adults or children with the spectrum of eosinophilic disorders (including reactive HE/HES [HE/HES-R], idiopathic HES [HES-I], lymphocytic HES [HES-L], neoplastic HE/HES [HE/HES-N], HE of unknown significance [HE-US], as well as IgG4-related disease [IgG4RD] or ANCA-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [EGPA] overlaps).

Catheterization Techniques for Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Arteries.

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital anomaly with a large spectrum of anatomical variations. Selective engagement of an AAOCA can present challenges during cardiac catheterization. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of major AAOCA can effectively assist operators for selecting and maneuvering catheters.

CIROZ is dispensable in ancestral vertebrates but essential for left-right patterning in humans.

Four genes-DAND5, PKD1L1, MMP21, and CIROP-form a genetic module that has specifically evolved in vertebrate species that harbor motile cilia in their left-right organizer (LRO). We find here that CIROZ (previously known as C1orf127) is also specifically expressed in the LRO of mice, frogs, and fish, where it encodes a protein with a signal peptide followed by 3 zona pellucida N domains, consistent with extracellular localization. We report 16 individuals from 10 families with bi-allelic CIROZ inactivation variants, which cause heterotaxy with congenital heart defects.

Phenotype Spectrum of TRPM3-Associated Disorders.

Objective: Monoallelic variants in the transient receptor potential melastatin-related type 3 gene (TRPM3) have been associated with neurodevelopmental manifestations, but knowledge on the clinical manifestations and treatment options is limited. We characterized the clinical spectrum, highlighting particularly the epilepsy phenotype, and the effect of treatments.

Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the phenotypes and genotypes of 43 individuals with TRPM3 variants, acquired from GeneMatcher and collaborations (n = 21), and through a systematic literature search (n = 22).

Effects of intravascular administration of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from Wharton's Jelly of the umbilical cord on systemic immunomodulation and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TRAUMACELL): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Treatments for TBI patients are limited and none has been shown to provide prolonged and long-term neuroprotective or neurorestorative effects. A growing body of evidence suggests a link between TBI-induced neuro-inflammation and neurodegenerative post-traumatic disorders.

Impact of Nucleos(t)ide Analogs on Major Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: A 10-Year French Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Conflicting results have been reported on the impact of tenofovir versus entecavir on liver-related outcomes.

Aims: To explore trends in clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients and compare the impact of tenofovir versus entecavir on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver transplantation (LT) and mortality.

Methods: We used the French National Health Insurance Databases (SNDS) to identify HBV-infected patients.

Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii and Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infections on tissue sections: Diagnostic pitfalls and relevance of an integrated histomolecular diagnosis.

Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii and Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum may present atypical histopathological features inducing diagnostic errors. We aimed to estimate the frequency of these atypical features in formalin-fixed tissue (FT) samples and to assess the relevance of an integrated histomolecular diagnosis using specific H.

Next Generation Phenotyping and Synthetic Faces in Coffin Siris Syndrome.

Diagnostic wandering and delayed management are major issues in rare diseases. Here, we report a new Next-Generation Phenotyping (NGP) model for diagnosing Coffin Siris syndrome (CSS) on clinical photographs among controls and distinguish the different genotypes. This retrospective and prospective study, conducted from 1998 to 2023, included frontal and lateral pictures of confirmed CSS.

Innovative use of the new pulsed-thulium: YAG laser for ureteroscopic lithotripsy: can the "kidney stone calculator" predict lithotripsy duration?

To assess the accuracy of Kidney Stone Calculator(KSC), a software designed for surgical planning, in predicting the duration of lithotripsy during flexible ureteroscopy(FURS) when using the novel pulsed-Thulium: YAG(p-Tm: YAG) laser. From February to August 2023, a single-center prospective study was conducted, including patients with kidney or ureteral stones through non-contrast computed tomography(NCCT), who underwent FURS with p-Tm: YAG laser lithotripsy. KSC used three-dimensional segmentation of the stones from NCCT images, along with an interactive user interface for laser settings, to estimate the stone volume(SV) and the lithotripsy duration(LD).

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in trauma patient in France: A retrospective nationwide registry.

Background: Indications for Veno-venous (VV) or veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after trauma rely on poor evidence. The main aims were to describe the population of trauma patients requiring either VV or VA ECMO and report their clinical management and outcomes.

Methods: An observational multicentre retrospective study was conducted in 17 Level 1 trauma centres in France between January 2010 and December 2021.

Ovarian response in preimplantation genetic testing for myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Purpose: To evaluate ovarian stimulation response in couples undergoing preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-M) for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) METHODS: Retrospective, observational, multicentric study. Parameters of ovarian response and PGT-M outcomes were compared according to the DM1-affected patient (female or male). A total of 229 couples underwent at least one controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle for the PGT-M procedure.

Safety of Fertility Treatments in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Data From a Prospective Population-Based Study.

Objective: To assess safety of fertility treatments in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Design: Data from the multicentre French observational GR2 (Groupe de Recherche sur la Grossesse et les Maladies Rares) study (2014-ongoing).

Setting: Seventy-six centres in France.

Covered Stent Correction for Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects, an Emerging Alternative to Surgical Repair: Results of an International Registry.

Background: Covered stent correction for a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) was first performed in 2009. This innovative approach was initially viewed as experimental and was reserved for highly selected patients with unusual anatomic variants. In 2016, increasing numbers of procedures began to be performed, and in several centers, it is now offered as a standard of care option alongside surgical repair.

What is the true target population for biologics in real-life COPD or asthma-COPD overlap patients?

Introduction: Biologics provide significant benefits in asthma, reducing exacerbations and symptoms. Some biologics have shown promising results in small subgroups of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and frequent exacerbations. Nevertheless, real-life data on the size of the COPD target population remain scarce.

Combined antifungal therapy with immunostimulation for refractory cutaneous and peritoneal mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus.

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection typically affecting immunocompromised patients. Here, we report a severe case of invasive cutaneous and peritoneal mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus, successfully treated with a combination of antifungal therapy, PD-1 inhibitor, and interferon-gamma. We highlight the importance of personalized immunotherapy in refractory cases of invasive mucormycosis.

Real-world multicentre study of cefiderocol treatment of immunocompromised patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: CEFI-ID.

Introduction: The increase in the population of immunocompromised patients due to advances in management of end-stage diseases and transplants poses challenges in treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Cefiderocol (FDC), a siderophore cephalosporin, has shown efficacy against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Methods: This retrospective multicentre study investigated the real-world use of FDC in 114 immunocompromised adults treated for MDR infections in 12 French hospitals (June 2020-November 2023).

Nasal High Flow to Modulate Dyspnea in Orally Intubated Patients.

Rationale: High flow therapy reduces dyspnea in acute respiratory failure but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated.

Objectives: To compare dyspnea, airway occlusion pressure (P) and inspiratory work with and without nasal high flow (NHF, FiO 21%, temperature 31°C) in intubated patients under pressure support ventilation and during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT).

Methods: Dyspnea (numerical rating scale, NRS and Mechanical Ventilation - Respiratory Distress Observational Scale, MV-RDOS), P, esophageal pressure, respiratory muscles EMG, arterial blood gas were compared in intubated patients on pressure support ventilation presenting a dyspnea-NRS > 3 during two sequences: 1) pressure support ventilation with NHF at 0 L/min followed by 30, 50 and 60 L/min (the last three were randomized) and 2) a SBT with NHF at 0 and 50 L/min (randomized).