Impact of Nucleos(t)ide Analogs on Major Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: A 10-Year French Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Conflicting results have been reported on the impact of tenofovir versus entecavir on liver-related outcomes.

Aims: To explore trends in clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients and compare the impact of tenofovir versus entecavir on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver transplantation (LT) and mortality.

Methods: We used the French National Health Insurance Databases (SNDS) to identify HBV-infected patients.

Explainability of CNN-based Alzheimer's disease detection from online handwriting.

With over 55 million people globally affected by dementia and nearly 10 million new cases reported annually, Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent and challenging neurodegenerative disorder. Despite significant advancements in machine learning techniques for Alzheimer's disease detection, the widespread adoption of deep learning models raises concerns about their explainability. The lack of explainability in deep learning models for online handwriting analysis is a critical gap in the literature in the context of Alzheimer's disease detection.

Alcohol Rehabilitation Within 3 Months After Alcohol Hepatitis and Survival - A National Analysis.

Background & Aims: There is limited understanding of the benefits of alcohol rehabilitation after alcohol hepatitis (AH).

Methods: We conducted a 2012 to 2021 national longitudinal study involving adult inpatients diagnosed with AH in France. We assessed the primary outcome of liver transplantation or death within 1 year after AH, including in its complicated form (CAH) defined as ≥2 hepatic or extrahepatic complications within 4 weeks after AH.

Optimizing the Extraction Efficiency of Flaxseed Gum Using a Response Surface Methodology Approach.

The extraction of gum from natural raw materials is of increasing importance in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, particularly due to their emulsifying properties and potential applications as stabilizers and thickeners. This study presents an insight on the influence of changing parameters like reagents and operating condition on yield and some properties of the flax ( L.) seed gum.

Performance of spleen stiffness measurement to rule out high-risk varices in patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder.

Background And Aims: Baveno VII consensus suggests that screening endoscopy can be spared in patients with compensated cirrhosis when spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is ≤40 kPa as they have a low probability of high-risk varices (HRV). Conversely, screening endoscopy is required in all patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of SSM-VCTE to rule out HRV in patients with PSVD and signs of portal hypertension.

Evolution of minimally invasive liver surgery in France over the last decade.

Background: Despite evidence of benefits on postoperative outcomes, minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) had a very low diffusion up to 2014, and recent evolution is unknown. Our aim was to analyze the recent diffusion and adoption of MILS and compare the trends in indications, extent of resection, and institutional practice with open liver surgery (OLS).

Methods: We analyzed the French nationwide, exhaustive cohort of all patients undergoing a liver resection in France between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2022.

Management of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infections in Patients with Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Background: Patients with cancer with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are excluded from many cancer clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, data are limited regarding the management of HBV and HCV infections in patients with cancer treated with ICIs. To address this gap, we reviewed the literature on management of HBV and HCV infections in patients with cancer receiving ICIs.

Histological characterization of liver involvement in systemic mastocytosis.

Background And Aims: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by the accumulation of atypical mast cells (MCs) in organs. Liver histology of SM has been marginally described and accurate histological classification is critical, given the consequences of aggressive SM diagnosis. We aimed to describe the histological features associated with liver SM using updated tools.

Prospective head-to-head comparison of non-invasive scores for diagnosis of fibrotic MASH in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background & Aims: Non-invasive scores have been proposed to identify patients with fibrotic, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), who are at the highest risk of progression to complications of cirrhosis and may benefit from pharmacologic treatments. However, data in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are lacking. The aim of this multicenter prospective study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of FAST (FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase [AST]), MAST (MRI-AST), MEFIB (magnetic resonance elastography [MRE] plus FIB-4), and FNI (fibrotic NASH index) for detecting fibrotic MASH in patients with T2DM.

Clinical care pathways of patients with biliary tract cancer: A French nationwide longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Although the incidence of BTC is raising, national healthcare strategies to improve care lack. We aimed to explore patient clinical care pathways and strategies to improve biliary tract cancer (BTC) care.

Methods: We analysed the French National Healthcare database of all BTC inpatients between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021.

Ketamine restriction correlates with reduced cholestatic liver injury and improved outcomes in critically ill patients with burn injury.

Background & Aims: Ketamine-associated cholestatic liver injury is reported in patients with severe burn injury, but its association with patient outcome is unclear. We investigated the relationship between ketamine exposure, cholestatic liver injury, and outcome of critically ill patients with burn injury.

Methods: In a retrospective study, patients with severe burn injury were analysed across two periods: unrestricted ketamine prescription (ketamine-liberal) and capped ketamine dosage (ketamine-restricted).

QSAR modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamic and ADMET prediction of pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors.

In recent years, there has been a focus on developing and discovering novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, as they offer an effective treatment strategy for B-cell malignancies. BTK plays a crucial role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated activation and proliferation by regulating downstream factors such as the NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways. To address this challenge and propose potential therapeutic options for B-cell lymphomas, researchers conducted 2D-QSAR and ADMET studies on pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives that act as inhibitors of the BCR site in cytochrome .

Burden of grade 3 or 4 liver injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background & Aims: There is concern about the burden of liver injury in patients with cancer exposed to immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the likelihood of grade 3/4 liver injury, of grade 3/4 cholestatic liver injury, and of liver failure, as per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5, following treatment with ICIs. We compared these occurrences with a group of cancer patients who were propensity-matched and treated with conventional chemotherapy.

Implementation of a liver health check in people with type 2 diabetes.

As morbidity and mortality related to potentially preventable liver diseases are on the rise globally, early detection of liver fibrosis offers a window of opportunity to prevent disease progression. Early detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease allows for initiation and reinforcement of guidance on bodyweight management, risk stratification for advanced liver fibrosis, and treatment optimisation of diabetes and other metabolic complications. Identification of alcohol-related liver disease provides the opportunity to support patients with detoxification and abstinence programmes.

Recommendations for use of adhesives on hospitalized newborns: A systematic review of the literature.

Background: The skin is the largest organ in the human body. It provides multiple barrier functions, tactile or defensive, and acts as a mediator allowing for the attachment of vital monitoring devices with medical adhesives. Adhesives consist of several layers with varying compositions and properties.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of TREM-1 inhibition with nangibotide in patients with COVID-19 receiving respiratory support: the ESSENTIAL randomised, double-blind trial.

Background: Activation of the TREM-1 pathway is associated with outcome in life threatening COVID-19. Data suggest that modulation of this pathway with nangibotide, a TREM-1 modulator may improve survival in TREM-1 activated patients (identified using the biomarker sTREM-1).

Methods: Phase 2 double-blind randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy, safety, and optimum treatment population of nangibotide (1.

Histological Characteristics and Management of Hepatitis on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Descriptive Study.

Background And Aims: the side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) pose a problem for the clinical management of cancer patients. There is a lack of knowledge of the value of liver biopsy in patients with ICI-related drug-induced liver injury (ICI-DILI). The aim of this study was to explore the impact of liver biopsy on clinical management and response to corticosteroids, according to histological findings.

Prospective evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and optimal biomarker enrichment strategy for nangibotide, a TREM-1 inhibitor, in patients with septic shock (ASTONISH): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial.

Background: Activation of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) pathway is associated with septic shock outcomes. Data suggest that modulation of this pathway in patients with activated TREM-1 might improve survival. Soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1), a potential mechanism-based biomarker, might facilitate enrichment of patient selection in clinical trials of nangibotide, a TREM-1 modulator.