Harnessing Redox Disruption to Treat Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) Related Malignancies.

Reprogrammed metabolism is regarded as a hallmark of cancer and offers a selective advantage to tumor cells during carcinogenesis. The redox equilibrium is necessary for growth, spread and the antioxidant pathways are boosted following Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production to prevent cell damage in tumor cells. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the etiologic agent of Kaposi sarcoma KS and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), is an oncogenic virus that disrupts cell survival-related molecular signaling pathways leading to immune host evasion, cells growths, angiogenesis and inflammatory tumor-environment.

Primaquine as a Candidate for HHV-8-Associated Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma Treatment.

Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with three main severe orphan malignancies, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which present few therapeutic options. We identified the antimalarial primaquine diphosphate (PQ) as a promising therapeutic candidate for HHV-8-associated PEL and KS. Indeed, PQ strongly reduced cell viability through caspase-dependent apoptosis, specifically in HHV-8-infected PEL cells.

Azithromycin resistance in Treponema pallidum in Reunion Island: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Since the beginning of the 21st century, Reunion Island has experienced a syphilis epidemic. Infected patients are mostly heterosexual, with a high proportion of women, suggesting that congenital syphilis is present on the island. To determine whether azithromycin can be used for mass treatment of syphilis on Reunion Island, we assessed the prevalence of macrolide resistance in Treponema pallidum (TP).

Contribution of GATA6 to homeostasis of the human upper pilosebaceous unit and acne pathogenesis.

Although acne is the most common human inflammatory skin disease, its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that GATA6, which is expressed in the upper pilosebaceous unit of normal human skin, is down-regulated in acne. GATA6 controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation to prevent hyperkeratinisation of the infundibulum, which is the primary pathological event in acne.

Invasive Infections in <3-Month-Old Infants in France: Clinical and Laboratory Features.

Few data are available on invasive group A (GAS) infections (IGASIs) in infants. We described initial clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of <3-month-old infants hospitalized for an IGASI between 2007 and 2016 in France. Patients were identified from the French National Reference Centre for streptococci.

[A case of "early" syphilis].

Introduction: Syphilis mainly affects men who have sex with men (MSM) between the ages of 20 and 49. Herein we report a case in a teenager illustrating extension of the epidemic to other populations.

Patients And Methods: A 15-year-old boy consulted in May 2018 for an anal fissure and painful oral erosions.

Congenital syphilis: A prospective study of 22 cases diagnosed by PCR.

Unlabelled: Congenital syphilis (CS) is caused by Treponema pallidum infection in utero. There is a need to develop new tools to diagnose CS: the diagnostic value of PCR is difficult to assess. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of mothers and infants with CS as diagnosed by PCR tests on various maternal and neonatal samples.

Directly Sequenced Genomes of Contemporary Strains of Syphilis Reveal Recombination-Driven Diversity in Genes Encoding Predicted Surface-Exposed Antigens.

Syphilis, caused by subsp. (TPA), remains an important public health problem with an increasing worldwide prevalence. Despite recent advances in cultivation, genetic variability of this pathogen during infection is poorly understood.

Similarities and Differences Between Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndromes in Children: Results From a 30-Case Cohort.

Toxic shock syndromes (TSS) are severe shocks due to staphylococcal or streptococcal infection that require specific treatments. The early recognition of these shocks is crucial to improve their outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to compare characteristics and outcomes of staphylococcal and streptococcal TSS in children, in order to identify putative early clinical diagnostic criteria.

Parallel Evolution of Group B Hypervirulent Clonal Complex 17 Unveils New Pathoadaptive Mutations.

Group B (GBS) is a commensal of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, while a prevailing cause of neonatal disease worldwide. Of the various clonal complexes (CCs), CC17 is overrepresented in GBS-infected newborns for reasons that are still largely unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive genomic analysis of 626 CC17 isolates collected worldwide, identifying the genetic traits behind their successful adaptation to humans and the underlying differences between carriage and clinical strains.

Characterization of a Propionibacterium acnes Surface Protein as a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein.

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. We investigated the ability of P.

TLR-2 Recognizes Propionibacterium acnes CAMP Factor 1 from Highly Inflammatory Strains.

Background: Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria encountered in inflammatory acne lesions, particularly in the pilosebaceous follicle. P.

Superoxide anions produced by Streptococcus pyogenes group A-stimulated keratinocytes are responsible for cellular necrosis and bacterial growth inhibition.

Gram-positive Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a major skin pathogen and interacts with keratinocytes in cutaneous tissues. GAS can cause diverse suppurative and inflammatory infections, such as cellulitis, a common acute bacterial dermo-hypodermitis with a high morbidity. Bacterial isolation yields from the lesions are low despite the strong local inflammation observed, raising numerous questions about the pathogenesis of the infection.

Highly virulent M1 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates resistant to clindamycin.

Context: Emm1-type group A Streptococcus (GAS), or Streptococcus pyogenes, is mostly responsible for invasive infections such as necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). The recommended treatment of severe invasive GAS infections is a combination of clindamycin and penicillin. Until 2012, almost all emm1 isolates were susceptible to clindamycin.

Host specificity in the diversity and transfer of lsa resistance genes in group B Streptococcus.

Objectives: In group B Streptococcus (GBS), cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramin A and pleuromutilins (LSAP) is mediated by the acquisition of lsa genes. Here, we characterized the diversity, mobility and ecology of lsa genes in this species.

Methods: lsa variants were systematically identified by BLAST searches in the genomes of 531 GBS strains from different hosts and geographical origins.

In vitro evaluation and comparison of 5 rapid antigen detection tests for the diagnosis of beta-hemolytic group A streptococcal pharyngitis.

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]) is the leading cause of bacterial pharyngitis. To perform a rapid diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis, rapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) have been developed. In this study, we evaluated and compared the sensitivity and specificity of 5 RADTs (bioNexia Strep A plus™, bioNexia Strep A dipstick™, Clearview Strep A™, QuickVue Strep A plus™, and Streptatest™), using analytical approaches combining dilutions in NaCl 0.