Airway wall splice quantitative trait locus analysis reveals novel downstream mechanisms for known asthma single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

https://bit.ly/3W49oTs.

The role of telemonitoring in patients on home mechanical ventilation.

There is a growing number of patients being treated with long-term home mechanical ventilation (HMV). This poses a challenge for the healthcare system because in-hospital resources are decreasing. The application of digital health to assist HMV care might help.

Current possibilities and future opportunities provided by three-dimensional lung ECM-derived hydrogels.

Disruption of the complex interplay between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), the scaffold that provides support, biochemical and biomechanical cues, is emerging as a key element underlying lung diseases. We readily acknowledge that the lung is a flexible, relatively soft tissue that is three dimensional (3D) in structure, hence a need exists to develop model systems that reflect these properties. Lung ECM-derived hydrogels have recently emerged as a model system that mimics native lung physiology; they contain most of the plethora of biochemical components in native lung, as well as reflecting the biomechanics of native tissue.

Use of digital measurement of medication adherence and lung function to guide the management of uncontrolled asthma (INCA Sun): a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised clinical trial.

Background: The clinical value of using digital tools to assess adherence and lung function in uncontrolled asthma is not known. We aimed to compare treatment decisions guided by digitally acquired data on adherence, inhaler technique, and peak flow with existing methods.

Methods: A 32-week prospective, multicentre, single-blinded, parallel, randomly controlled trial was done in ten severe asthma clinics across Ireland, Northern Ireland, and England.

Longitudinal effects of environmental noise and air pollution exposure on autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during adolescence and early adulthood: The TRAILS study.

Background: Exposure to ambient noise and air pollution may affect the manifestation and severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, evidence is limited, and most studies solely assessed environmental exposures during pregnancy and early childhood.

Objective: To examine the longitudinal effects of ambient noise and air pollutants on ASD and ADHD symptom severity during adolescence and early adulthood.

Efficacy of once-daily, single-inhaler, fixed-dose combination of mometasone/indacaterol/glycopyrronium in patients with asthma with or without persistent airflow limitation: Post hoc analysis from the IRIDIUM study.

Background: A novel, once-daily, fixed-dose combination of mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate/glycopyrronium bromide (MF/IND/GLY) delivered via Breezhaler® is the first inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting ꞵ-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (ICS/LABA/LAMA) therapy approved for the maintenance treatment of asthma in adults inadequately controlled on ICS/LABA combination. In patients with asthma and persistent airflow limitation (PAL), maximal treatment, especially with combination is suggested. This post hoc analysis of data from the IRIDIUM study assessed the efficacy of MF/IND/GLY in asthma patients with and without PAL.

Improved exercise capacity results in a survival benefit after endobronchial valve treatment.

Background: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using endobronchial valves (EBV) is a treatment option for selected patients with advanced emphysema. The treatment significantly improves pulmonary function, exercise capacity, quality of life, and potentially improves survival. Our main aim was to assess whether treatment response significantly influences survival time after EBV treatment.

A proteomics approach to identify COPD-related changes in lung fibroblasts.

Lung fibroblasts are implicated in abnormal tissue repair in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The exact mechanisms are unknown and comprehensive analysis comparing COPD- and control fibroblasts is lacking. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the role of lung fibroblasts in COPD pathology using unbiased proteomic and transcriptomic analysis.

Asthmatic lung fibroblasts promote type 2 immune responses endoplasmic reticulum stress response dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin secretion.

Lung fibroblasts contribute to asthma pathology partly through modulation of the immune environment in the airway. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expression is upregulated in asthmatic lungs. How asthmatic lung fibroblasts respond to TNFα stimulation and subsequently regulate immune responses is not well understood.

Detection and size quantification of pulmonary nodules in ultralow-dose versus regular-dose CT: a comparative study in COPD patients.

Objective: To evaluate detectability and semi-automatic diameter and volume measurements of pulmonary nodules in ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) regular-dose CT (RDCT).

Methods: Fifty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent RDCT on 64-multidetector CT (120 kV, filtered back projection), and ULDCT on third-generation dual source CT (100 kV with tin filter, advanced modeled iterative reconstruction). One radiologist evaluated the presence of nodules on both scans in random order, with discrepancies judged by two independent radiologists and consensus reading.

Mometasone/Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium (MF/IND/GLY) and MF/IND at Different MF Strengths versus Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol Xinafoate (FLU/SAL) and FLU/SAL+ Tiotropium in Patients with Asthma.

Background: Once-daily, single-inhaler mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate/glycopyrronium bromide (MF/IND/GLY, an ICS/LABA/LAMA) and MF/IND (an ICS/LABA) via Breezhaler have been approved for the maintenance treatment of patients with asthma inadequately controlled with medium-or high-dose ICS or medium-or high-dose ICS/LABA treatment.

Objective: Once-daily (o.d.

Gene expression profiles in mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue and lung tissue of COPD patients and controls.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible lung tissue damage. Novel regenerative strategies are urgently awaited. Cultured mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in experimental models of COPD, but differences between sources may impact on their potential use in therapeutic strategies in patients.

IL-1β Induces a Proinflammatory Fibroblast Microenvironment that Impairs Lung Progenitors' Function.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a persistent inflammatory state in the lungs and defective tissue repair. Although the inflammatory response in patients with COPD is well characterized and known to be exaggerated during exacerbations, its contribution to lung injury and abnormal repair is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the inflammatory microenvironment affects the epithelial progenitors and their supporting mesenchymal niche cells involved in tissue repair of the distal lung.

Explaining the polarized macrophage pool during murine allergic lung inflammation.

Introduction: Differentially polarized macrophages, especially YM1+ and MHCII+ macrophages, play an important role in asthma development. The origin of these polarized macrophages has not been elucidated yet. We therefore aimed to investigate how proliferation, monocyte recruitment, and/or switching of polarization states contribute to this specific pool of polarized interstitial and alveolar macrophages during development of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic lung inflammation in mice.

Exposure to ambient ultrafine particles and allergic sensitization in children up to 16 years.

Background: Few epidemiological studies so far have investigated the role of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) in inhalant and food allergy development.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between UFP exposure and allergic sensitization to inhalant and food allergens in children up to 16 years old in the Netherlands.

Methods: 2295 participants of a prospective birth cohort with IgE measurements to common inhalant and food allergens at ages 4, 8, 12 and/or 16 were included in the study.

Residential exposure to livestock farms and lung function in adolescence - The PIAMA birth cohort study.

Background: There is a growing interest in the impact of air pollution from livestock farming on respiratory health. Studies in adults suggest adverse effects of livestock farm emissions on lung function, but so far, studies involving children and adolescents are lacking.

Objectives: To study the association of residential proximity to livestock farms and modelled particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM) from livestock farms with lung function in adolescence.

Identifying and appraising outcome measures for severe asthma: a systematic review.

Background: Valid outcome measures are imperative to evaluate treatment response, yet the suitability of existing end-points for severe asthma is unclear. This review aimed to identify outcome measures for severe asthma and appraise the quality of their measurement properties.

Methods: A literature search was performed to identify "candidate" outcome measures published between 2018 and 2020.

Effectiveness, usability and acceptability of a smart inhaler programme in patients with asthma: protocol of the multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, cluster randomised controlled ACCEPTANCE trial.

Introduction: Suboptimal asthma control is associated with incorrect inhaler use and poor medication adherence, which could lead to unfavourable clinical and economic outcomes. Smart inhaler programmes using electronic monitoring devices (EMDs) could support self-management and increase medication adherence and asthma control. However, evidence on long-term benefits and acceptability is scarce.

Association of Blood Glucose Variability with Sepsis-Related Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Morbidity and Mortality.

Purpose: Sepsis-related disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is closely associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Higher blood glucose (BG) variability indicates an increased risk of mortality in sepsis; however, its relationship with sepsis-related DIC has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine the association between glucose variability and sepsis-related DIC.

Nasal DNA methylation at three CpG sites predicts childhood allergic disease.

Childhood allergic diseases, including asthma, rhinitis and eczema, are prevalent conditions that share strong genetic and environmental components. Diagnosis relies on clinical history and measurements of allergen-specific IgE. We hypothesize that a multi-omics model could accurately diagnose childhood allergic disease.