Ion Mobility Spectrometry Characterization of the Intermediate Hydrogen-Containing Gold Cluster Au(PPh)H.

We employ ion mobility spectrometry and density functional theory to determine the structure of Au(PPh)H (PPh = triphenylphosphine), which was recently identified by high mass resolution mass spectrometry. Experimental ion-neutral collision cross sections represent the momentum transfer between the ionic clusters and gas molecules averaged over the relative thermal velocities of the colliding pair, thereby providing structural insights. Theoretical calculations indicate the geometry of Au(PPh)H is similar to Au(PPh), with three hydrogen atoms bridging two gold atoms and two hydrogen atoms forming single Au-H bonds.

Point estimates, Simpson's paradox, and nonergodicity in biological sciences.

Modern biomedical, behavioral and psychological inference about cause-effect relationships respects an ergodic assumption, that is, that mean response of representative samples allow predictions about individual members of those samples. Recent empirical evidence in all of the same fields indicates systematic violations of the ergodic assumption. Indeed, violation of ergodicity in biomedical, behavioral and psychological causes is precisely the inspiration behind our research inquiry.

Multifractal roots of suprapostural dexterity.

Visually guided postural control emerges in response to task constraints. Task constraints generate physiological fluctuations that foster the exploration of available sensory information at many scales. Temporally correlated fluctuations quantified using fractal and multifractal metrics have been shown to carry perceptual information across the body.

Proprioceptive afferents differentially contribute to effortful perception of object heaviness and length.

When humans handle a tool, such as a tennis racket or hammer, for the first time, they often wield it to determine its inertial properties. The mechanisms that contribute to perception of inertial properties are not fully understood. The present study's goal was to investigate how proprioceptive afferents contribute to effortful perception of heaviness and length of a manually wielded object in the absence of vision.

Evolutionary divergence of potential drought adaptations between two subspecies of an annual plant: Are trait combinations facilitated, independent, or constrained?

Premise: Whether drought-adaptation mechanisms tend to evolve together, evolve independently, or evolve constrained by genetic architecture is incompletely resolved, particularly for water-relations traits besides gas exchange. We addressed this issue in two subspecies of Clarkia xantiana (Onagraceae), California winter annuals that separated approximately 65,000 years ago and are adapted, partly by differences in flowering time, to native ranges differing in precipitation.

Methods: In these subspecies and in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between them, we scored traits related to drought adaptation (timing of seed germination and of flowering, succulence, pressure-volume curve variables) in common environments.

Emerging functions of branched ubiquitin chains.

Ubiquitylation is a critical post-translational modification that controls a wide variety of processes in eukaryotes. Ubiquitin chains of different topologies are specialized for different cellular functions and control the stability, activity, interaction properties, and localization of many different proteins. Recent work has highlighted a role for branched ubiquitin chains in the regulation of cell signaling and protein degradation pathways.

Multifractality in postural sway supports quiet eye training in aiming tasks: A study of golf putting.

The 'quiet eye' (QE) approach to visually-guided aiming behavior invests fully in perceptual information's potential to organize coordinated action. Sports psychologists refer to QE as the stillness of the eyes during aiming tasks and increasingly into self- and externally-paced tasks. Amidst the 'noisy' fluctuations of the athlete's body, quiet eyes might leave fewer saccadic interruptions to the coupling between postural sway and optic flow.

Transposition Effects in an Aksharic Writing System: The Case of Hindi.

We tested for transposition effects (TEs) in Hindi (a Modern Indo-Aryan language) using unprimed lexical decision. TEs are defined as less accurate and slower responses to transposed-nonwords (e.g.

Visual effort moderates postural cascade dynamics.

Standing still and focusing on a visible target in front of us is a preamble to many coordinated behaviors (e.g., reaching an object).

Postural constraints recruit shorter-timescale processes into the non-Gaussian cascade processes.

Healthy human postural sway exhibits strong intermittency, reflecting a richly interactive foundation of postural control. From a linear perspective, intermittent fluctuations might be interpreted as engagement and disengagement of complementary control processes at distinct timescales or from a nonlinear perspective, as cascade-like interactions across many timescales at once. The diverse control processes entailed by cascade-like multiplicative dynamics suggest specific non-Gaussian distributional properties at different timescales.

Thermal response of two sexually dimorphic (Odonata) over an ambient temperature range.

Organisms may internally or behaviorally regulate their body temperatures or conform to the ambient air temperatures. Previous evidence is mixed on whether wing pigmentation influences thermoregulation in various odonates.We investigated the thermal response of sympatric North American and with a thermal imaging study across a 25°C ambient temperature range.

Intestinal extracellular vesicles are altered by vertical sleeve gastrectomy.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity and its comorbidities. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind its beneficial effects is limited. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise an important mode of intercellular communication.

ESI-MS Identification of the Cationic Phosphine-Ligated Gold Clusters Au: Insight into the Gold-Ligand Ratio and Abundance of Larger Clusters.

Triphenylphosphine (PPh)-ligated gold nanoclusters are valuable for a number of potential applications due to their relative ease of synthesis and usefulness in forming advanced cluster architectures. While previous studies have reported cationic PPh-ligated gold clusters with core sizes of Au, Au, and Au, there has not been definitive identification by mass spectrometry of many larger clusters in the Au range. Herein, we survey a polydisperse solution of cationic PPh-ligated gold clusters using high-mass-resolution (/Δ = 60,000) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).

Dimethylmercury Degradation by Dissolved Sulfide and Mackinawite.

Potential degradation pathways of dimethylmercury (DMHg) remain as one of the critical knowledge gaps in the marine biogeochemical cycle of mercury (Hg). Although Hg is known to be highly reactive with reduced sulfur, demethylation of DMHg in the presence of sulfide has until now remained experimentally untested. Here, we provide the first experimental support for demethylation of DMHg to monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the presence of both dissolved sulfide and mackinawite (FeS(s)).

Impact of cannabis and low alcohol concentration on divided attention tasks during driving.

Objective: To assess divided-attention performance when driving under the influence of cannabis with and without alcohol. Three divided-attention tasks were performed following administration of placebo, cannabis, and/or alcohol.

Methods: Healthy adult cannabis users participated in 6 sessions, receiving combinations of cannabis (placebo/low-THC/high-THC) and alcohol (placebo/active) in randomized order, separated by washout periods of ≥1 week.

Dissolved phosphate concentrations in Iowa shallow groundwater.

Regional groundwater phosphorus (P) concentrations are rarely reported, and it is important to develop a better understanding of background concentrations in shallow groundwater to help develop strategies to mitigate environmental risks. In this study, results collected from 17 different Iowa-based studies conducted from 2006 to 2019 and a total of 210 discrete locations of water table dissolved phosphate (DPO ) measurements are summarized (a) to assess the occurrence, range, and statistical distribution of groundwater DPO concentrations in Iowa and (b) to evaluate statewide patterns of DPO concentrations related to land use or land cover and landscape position. The DPO concentrations ranged from 0.

Sex differences in the inflammatory response to stress and risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes among patients with coronary heart disease.

Stress may contribute to progression of coronary heart disease (CHD) through inflammation, especially among women. Thus, we sought to examine whether increased inflammatory response to stress among patients with CHD is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular events and whether this risk is higher in women. We examined inflammatory biomarkers known to increase with mental stress (speech task), including interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) among 562 patients with stable CHD.

Evidence of NAAG-family tripeptide NAAG in the Drosophila nervous system.

N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is a common neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system; however, it has never been reported in the nervous system of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Using antiserum against NAAG, we localized NAAG-like immunoreactivity to neurons in the ventral nerve cord and to type Is glutamatergic nerve terminals in larval neuromuscular junctions. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we failed to find NAAG but found the related peptide N-acetylaspartylglutamylglutamate (NAAG ) in Drosophila CNS and body wall tissue.

Locked Dorsal Compression Plate Arthrodesis for Degenerative Arthritis of the Midfoot.

Midfoot arthrodesis is the accepted surgical treatment for symptomatic midfoot arthritis. The published literature has focused on joint-spanning static fixation. Several companies have developed diamond-shaped locked dorsal compression plates, which allow for longitudinal joint compression.

Sestrin2 Phosphorylation by ULK1 Induces Autophagic Degradation of Mitochondria Damaged by Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress.

Selective autolysosomal degradation of damaged mitochondria, also called mitophagy, is an indispensable process for maintaining integrity and homeostasis of mitochondria. One well-established mechanism mediating selective removal of mitochondria under relatively mild mitochondria-depolarizing stress is PINK1-Parkin-mediated or ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy. However, additional mechanisms such as LC3-mediated or ubiquitin-independent mitophagy induction by heavy environmental stress exist and remain poorly understood.

Using Vector Autoregression Modeling to Reveal Bidirectional Relationships in Gender/Sex-Related Interactions in Mother-Infant Dyads.

Vector autoregression (VAR) modeling allows probing bidirectional relationships in gender/sex development and may support hypothesis testing following multi-modal data collection. We show VAR in three lights: supporting a hypothesis, rejecting a hypothesis, and opening up new questions. To illustrate these capacities of VAR, we reanalyzed longitudinal data that recorded dyadic mother-infant interactions for 15 boys and 15 girls aged 3 to 11 months of age.