Spinal TNF-α receptor 1 is differentially required for phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) over the course of motor neuron death in adult rats.

Introduction: Intrapleural injections of cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) result in selective respiratory (, phrenic) motor neuron death and mimics aspects of motor neuron disease [(, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)], such as breathing deficits. This rodent model allows us to study the impact motor neuron death has on the output of surviving phrenic motor neurons as well as the compensatory mechanisms that are recruited. Microglial density in the phrenic motor nucleus as well as cervical gene expression of markers associated with inflammation (.

The simpliciality of higher-order networks.

Higher-order networks are widely used to describe complex systems in which interactions can involve more than two entities at once. In this paper, we focus on inclusion within higher-order networks, referring to situations where specific entities participate in an interaction, and subsets of those entities also interact with each other. Traditional modeling approaches to higher-order networks tend to either not consider inclusion at all (e.

A meta-analysis of the effects of early life stress on the prefrontal cortex transcriptome suggests long-term effects on myelin.

Background: Early life stress (ELS) refers to exposure to negative childhood experiences, such as neglect, disaster, and physical, mental, or emotional abuse. ELS can permanently alter the brain, leading to cognitive impairment, increased sensitivity to future stressors, and mental health risks. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key brain region implicated in the effects of ELS.

The role of racial group solidarity in intergroup relations between Black-White multiracial and Black monoracial people.

Across two studies, we examined intergroup relations between Black-White multiracial and Black monoracial people in the U.S. Study 1 showed that Black-White multiracial participants reported more solidarity with Black than White people, but less solidarity with Black people than Black participants reported.

Ferroptosis in Renal Cancer Therapy: A Narrative Review of Drug Candidates.

Renal cancer is a common and serious malignant tumor of the urinary system. While surgery effectively treats early-stage renal cancer, advanced cases pose a significant challenge due to poor treatment outcomes and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies.

Population histories of variable reproductive success and low winter precipitation correlate with risk-averse seed germination in a mediterranean-climate winter annual.

Premise: Seed germination involves risk; post-germination conditions might not allow survival and reproduction. Variable, stressful environments favor seeds with germination that avoids risk (e.g.

Application of high-density 2D receiver coil arrays for improved SNR in prostate MRI.

Purpose: To study if adaptive image receive (AIR) receiver coil elements can be configured into a 2D array with high (>45% by diameter) element-to-element overlap, allowing improved SNR at depth (0.7-1.5× element diameter) versus conventional (20%) overlap.

Spatiotemporal Facility-Level Patterns of Summer Heat Exposure, Vulnerability, and Risk in United States Prison Landscapes.

Heat is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. People who are incarcerated are especially vulnerable to heat exposure due to demographic characteristics and their conditions of confinement. Evaluating heat exposure in prisons, and the characteristics of exposed populations and prisons, can elucidate prison-level risk to heat exposure.

Hypothetical acceptability of minimally invasive tissue sampling and considerations for practice: A qualitative study in Vietnam.

The exact aetiology of the cause of death (COD) remains unknown for a high proportion of deaths caused by infectious diseases. Complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA) is considered the gold standard to determine COD, but it is often not used in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), including Vietnam, for a variety of reasons. One alternative is minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS).

Moving beyond the mean: an analysis of faecal corticosterone metabolites shows substantial variability both within and across white-tailed deer populations.

Glucocorticoid (GC) levels have significant impacts on the health and behaviour of wildlife populations and are involved in many essential body functions including circadian rhythm, stress physiology and metabolism. However, studies of GCs in wildlife often focus on estimating mean hormone levels in populations, or a subset of a population, rather than on assessing the entire distribution of hormone levels within populations. Additionally, explorations of population GC data are limited due to the tradeoff between the number of individuals included in studies and the amount of data per individual that can be collected.

Looking White But Feeling Asian: The Role of Perceived Membership Permeability and Perceived Discrimination in Multiracial-Monoracial Alliances.

Relatively little is known about the extent to which multiracial people stand in solidarity with their parent groups. Here, we draw from social identity theory to examine predictors of Asian-White multiracial people's solidarity with Asian and White people, Asian monoracial people's meta-perceptions of these solidarity levels, and consequences of these meta-perceptions for intergroup relations. Studies 1a-b show that Asian-White multiracial people stand in solidarity more strongly with Asian people than White people, especially when they perceive high levels of anti-Asian discrimination, and even when they believe they physically look White.

Short-term fluctuating and long-term divergent selection on sympatric Monkeyflowers: insights from decade-spanning reciprocal transplants.

Sympatric species are often locally adapted to distinct microhabitats. However, temporal variation may cause local maladaptation and species boundary breakdown, especially during extreme climatic events leading to episodic selection. Repeated reciprocal transplants can reveal the interplay between short and long-term patterns of natural selection.

Virtual Reality-Based Simulated Hallucinations to Enhance Empathy Toward Individuals With Schizophrenia.

Individuals affected by schizophrenia often relay frustration that persons in their life are unable to understand their symptoms. We sought to examine whether a brief virtual reality (VR) experience for students in an undergraduate psychopathology course entailing simulated hallucinations could increase empathy, decrease negative affect, and positively affect attitudes toward persons with schizophrenia. After the unit on schizophrenia, 41 participants engaged in a VR experience with simulated auditory and visual hallucinations.

An Undergraduate Course in CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Zebrafish.

We have developed a one-credit semester-long research experience for undergraduate students that involves the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to edit genes in zebrafish. The course is available to students at all stages of their undergraduate training and can be taken up to four times. Students select a gene of interest to edit as the basis of their semester-long project.

Lectins As Effective Tools in the Study of the Biliary Network and the Parenchymal Architecture of the Zebrafish () Liver.

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with specific affinity to glycoconjugates expressed in various tissues. Lectins are of substantial utility as research, histochemical, and diagnostic tools in mammalian systems. Reactivity of 12 commonly used plant-based lectins was studied in zebrafish liver.

Characterization of an Monofunctional Phosphomethylpyrimidine Kinase That Is Inhibited by Pyridoxal Phosphate.

Thiamin and its phosphate derivatives are ubiquitous molecules involved as essential cofactors in many cellular processes. The biosynthesis of thiamin employs the parallel synthesis of 4-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiazole (THZ-P) and 4-amino-2-methyl-5(diphosphooxymethyl) pyrimidine (HMP) pyrophosphate (HMP-PP), which are coupled to generate thiamin phosphate. Most organisms that can biosynthesize thiamin employ a kinase (HMPK or ThiD) to generate HMP-PP.

Supporting the democratization of science during a pandemic: genomics Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) as an effective remote learning strategy.

The initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic changed the nature of course delivery from largely in-person to exclusively remote, thus disrupting the well-established pedagogy of the Genomics Education Partnership (GEP; https://www.thegep.org).

Opening a conceptual space for metamemory experience.

The experiences associated with remembering, including metamemory feelings about the act of remembering and attempts at remembering, are not often integrated into general accounts of memory. For example, David Rubin (2022) proposes a unified, three-dimensional conceptual space for mapping memory states, a map that does not systematically specify metamemory feelings. Drawing on Rubin's model, we define a distinct role for metamemory in relation to first-order memory content.

Twelve new metagenome-assembled genomes from non-axenic culture of (Rhodophyta).

We report 12 metagenome-assembled genomes from a non-axenic culture of the red alga Harvey, some of which are distantly related to publicly available genomes.

Predicting changes in driving performance in individuals who use cannabis following acute use based on self-reported readiness to drive.

Objective: It is unclear to what extent individuals who use cannabis can accurately assess their ability to drive safely following cannabis use, and lack of understanding as to what factors influence changes in driving performance following cannabis use. This research explores whether self-reported readiness to drive (RTD) and previous experience (PE) using cannabis within 2 h of driving can predict observed changes in driving performance following acute cannabis use.

Methods: Individuals who used cannabis at least monthly completed a baseline simulated drive, were dosed with cannabis of approximately 6.

Patient Admission and Mechanical Ventilator Allocation Decision-Making Processes by Frontline Medical Professionals in a Japanese ICU During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to triage COVID-19 patients in ICUs emerged globally. Triage guidelines were established in many countries; however, the actual triage decision-making processes and decisions themselves made by frontline medical providers may not have exactly reflected those guidelines. Despite the need to understand decisions and processes in practice regarding patient ICU admission and mechanical ventilator usage to identify areas of improvement for medical care provision, such research is limited.

A virtual reality paradigm with dynamic scene stimuli for use in memory research.

Episodic memory may essentially be memory for one's place within a temporally unfolding scene from a first-person perspective. Given this, pervasively used static stimuli may only capture one small part of episodic memory. A promising approach for advancing the study of episodic memory is immersing participants within varying scenes from a first-person perspective.