Orbital Cellulitis and Frontal Epicranial Empyema Secondary to Pansinusitis: A Case Report.

Orbital cellulitis is a relatively uncommon complication of sinusitis. Its association with intracranial complications is rare. We present the case of a 36-year-old patient with no associated risk factors who presented with a four-day history of headache, periorbital inflammation, suppuration, and necrosis.

Bezlotoxumab during the first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients at high risk of recurrence.

Purpose: To describe a cohort with a high risk of recurrence who received bezlotoxumab during the first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and to compare this cohort with patients with similar characteristics who did not receive the monoclonal antibody.

Methods: A prospective and multicentre study of patients with a high risk of recurrence (expected recurrence rate>35%) who were treated with bezlotoxumab during their first episode of CDI was conducted. A propensity score-matched model 1:2 was used to compare both cohorts that were weighed according to basal characteristics (hospital-acquisition, creatinine value, and fidaxomicin as a CDI treatment).

Left axillary approach for pulmonary valve replacement.

A 14-year-old girl was scheduled for pulmonary valve replacement. A computed tomography scan showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette with an aneurysmal pulmonary artery. A less-invasive approach through the left axilla with peripheral cannulation was selected.

Patterns of Sexualized Drug Use among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV: Insights from a Comprehensive Study-The U-SEX-2 GESIDA 9416 Study.

Background: Sexualized drug use (SDU) has become a public health concern in recent years. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SDU in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV (HIV + GBMSM) in Madrid during 2019/2020 and compare it with data from 2016/2017 in order to detect changes in patterns.

Methods: We analyzed the frequency of SDU in a sample of HIV + GBMSM attending HIV clinics, who participated in an anonymous online survey regarding sexual behavior and recreational drug use.

HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in Spain.

Background: HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease. Over 10 million people are infected worldwide, with hot spots of high endemicity across all continents. Roughly 5% of HTLV-1 carriers develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), a progressive subacute neurological disabling disease.

Agreement between pharmacists and physicians on the assessment of appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing.

Introduction: Audits for monitoring the quality of antimicrobial prescribing are a main tool in antimicrobial stewardship programs; however, interobserver reliability has not been conclusively assessed. Our objective was to measure the level of agreement between pharmacists and physicians on the appropriateness of antimicrobials prescribing in hospitals.

Methods: A national multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted of patients who were receiving antimicrobials one day of April 2021.

Cancer screening in people living with HIV.

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in people living with HIV (PWH) and is expected to account for a growing fraction of deaths as PWH age.

Methods: In this literature review, we have compiled the most recent developments in cancer screening and screening performance in PWH, which are currently primarily implemented in well-resourced settings. This includes an assessment of the associated benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness.

2023 GEIS Guidelines for gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. GIST spans a wide clinical spectrum that ranges from tumors with essentially no metastatic potential to malignant and life-threatening spread diseases. Gain-of-function mutations in KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinases are the crucial drivers of most GISTs, responsible for tumor initiation and evolution throughout the entire course of the disease.

Characteristics of Pediatric Emergency Department Presentations of Anaphylaxis in Spain.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the triggers of pediatric anaphylaxis in Spain and to analyze the circumstances of the episode.

Methods: Planned secondary analysis of a prospective observational multicenter study endorsed by the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies including children aged younger than 18 years diagnosed with anaphylaxis in 7 Spanish pediatric emergency departments (EDs) between 2016 and 2018. We analyzed factors related to the anaphylaxis episode and its management.

Risk Factors for Bacteremia and Its Clinical Impact on Complicated Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection.

Bacteremia has been associated with severity in some infections; however, its impact on the prognosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is still disputed. Our goal is to determine the risk factors for bacteremia and its clinical impact on hospitalized patients with complicated community-acquired urinary tract infections. We conducted a prospective observational study of patients admitted to the hospital with complicated community-acquired UTIs.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions due to viral hepatitis in Spain.

Background: Before the advent of COVID-19 vaccines, hospitalizations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection during 2020 collapsed most medical centers worldwide. Disruptions in health care for clinical conditions other than COVID-19 were not uniform. Herein, we report the impact of COVID-19 on hospitalizations due to viral hepatitis in Spain.

Preference of acromegaly patients for treatment attributes in Spain.

Objective: Acromegaly is a rare disease caused by increased growth hormone secretion and a subsequent increase in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels. Patients display multiple comorbidities that affect their quality of life (QoL). Treatment aims to maintain good biochemical control, tumour control and reduce the risk of comorbidities; however, their impact on QoL has been overlooked until recently.

Volumetric capnography and return of spontaneous circulation in an experimental model of pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest.

A secondary analysis of a randomized study was performed to study the relationship between volumetric capnography (VCAP) and arterial CO partial pressure (PCO) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to analyze the ability of these parameters to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA). Asphyxial CA was induced by sedation, muscle relaxation and extubation. CPR was started 2 min after CA occurred.

Serum identification of at-risk MASH: The metabolomics-advanced steatohepatitis fibrosis score (MASEF).

Background: Early identification of those with NAFLD activity score ≥ 4 and significant fibrosis (≥F2) or at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a priority as these patients are at increased risk for disease progression and may benefit from therapies. We developed and validated a highly specific metabolomics-driven score to identify at-risk MASH.

Methods: We included derivation (n = 790) and validation (n = 565) cohorts from international tertiary centers.

Pediatric Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy: Diagnosis and Management. A YO-IFOS Consensus Statement.

Objective: Pediatric inferior turbinate hypertrophy (PedTH) is a frequent and often overlooked cause or associated cause of nasal breathing difficulties. This clinical consensus statement (CCS) aims to provide a diagnosis and management framework covering the lack of specific guidelines for this condition and addressing the existing controversies.

Methods: A clinical consensus statement (CCS) was developed by a panel of 20 contributors from 7 different European and North American countries using the modified Delphi method.

Long-term use of mepolizumab in a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: extending interval dosing.

Introduction: Mepolizumab, a humanized anti IL-5 monoclonal antibody, has been used off-label for chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), inducing disease remission and saving systemic corticosteroids.

Case Study: We present a case of CEP, requiring long-term corticosteroids therapy due to relapse upon withdrawal. Mepolizumab was started and maintained for 2 years and 6 months.

The impact of frailty on intra-hospital survival in older patients with COVID-19 infection: the importance of early identification. SEMI-COVID National Registry.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that frailty may be a significant predictor of poor outcomes in older individuals hospitalized due to COVID-19. This study aims to determine the prognostic value of frailty on intrahospital patient survival.

Methods: This observational, multicenter, nationwide study included patients aged 70 years and older who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Spain between March 1 and December 31, 2020.

Pulmonary vein flow split effects in patient-specific simulations of left atrial flow.

Disruptions to left atrial (LA) blood flow, such as those caused by atrial fibrillation (AF), can lead to thrombosis in the left atrial appendage (LAA) and an increased risk of systemic embolism. LA hemodynamics are influenced by various factors, including LA anatomy and function, and pulmonary vein (PV) inflow conditions. In particular, the PV flow split can vary significantly among and within patients depending on multiple factors.

Parents who spent more hours in intensive care units with their low birthweight newborn infant did not achieve autonomous care faster.

Aim: We examined the correlation between how long it took the parents of very low birthweight infants, born weighing up to 1500 g, to provide different kinds of autonomous care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: This prospective observational was conducted in the NICU of a Spanish hospital from 10 January 2020 to 3 May 2022. The unit had 11 beds single-family rooms and provided eight beds in an open bay room.