Natural products derived from medicinal plants and microbes might act as a game-changer in breast cancer: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent neoplasm among women. Genetic and environmental factors lead to BC development and on this basis, several preventive - screening and therapeutic interventions have been developed. Hormones, both in the form of endogenous hormonal signaling or hormonal contraceptives, play an important role in BC pathogenesis and progression.

Laser applications in smear layer removal from posterior root canals: A comparative study.

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate erbium laser efficiency in removing smear layer from mesial roots of mandibular first molars at different laser settings.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred (100) mandibular first molars were selected. Ninety six (96) mesial roots were assigned to two experimental groups according to the laser wavelength applied: I.

Discovery of Selective Nanomolar Inhibitors for Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase Based on α-Hydroxy-β-amino Acid Derivatives of Bestatin.

The oxytocinase subfamily of M1 zinc aminopeptidases comprises emerging drug targets, including the ER-resident aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and ERAP2) and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP); however, reports on clinically relevant inhibitors are limited. Here we report a new synthetic approach of high diastereo- and regioselectivity for functionalization of the α-hydroxy-β-amino acid scaffold of bestatin. Stereochemistry and mechanism of inhibition were investigated by a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of ERAP1 in complex with a micromolar inhibitor.

Hypertriton Production in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV.

The study of nuclei and antinuclei production has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. The first measurement of the production of _{Λ}^{3}H in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV is presented in this Letter.

Pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Antenatal prediction and impact on neonatal mortality.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PAH) in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH); how we could predict it; and how PAH contributed to the model for mortality prediction.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis in three European centers. The primary outcome was the presence of PAH on postnatal day (d) 1, 7, and at discharge.

Severe Hyperosmotic Stress Issues an ER Stress-Mediated "Death Sentence" in H9c2 Cells, with p38-MAPK and Autophagy "Coming to the Rescue".

With several cardiovascular pathologies associated with osmotic perturbations, researchers are in pursuit of identifying the signaling sensors, mediators and effectors involved, aiming at formulating novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, H9c2 cells were treated with 0.5 M sorbitol to elicit hyperosmotic stress.

Thrombolysis Experience in Costa Rica Compared Against Individual Patient Data from two Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objectives: We sought to compare thrombolysis outcomes from the Costa Rican Stroke Registry Program (CRSRP) with published individual patient data from NINDS and CLOTBUST-ER trials using matching and outcome modeling from randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective observational study matching subjects on baseline characteristics, from the CRSRP, the control arm of CLOTBUST-ER, and the interventional arm of NINDS trials. Day 7-10/discharge modified Rankin Score (mRS), and early mortality was compared between matched subjects.

Neuronal microRNAs safeguard ER Ca homeostasis and attenuate the unfolded protein response upon stress.

Ca is a critical mediator of neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression, but also excitotoxicity. Ca signaling and homeostasis are coordinated by an intricate network of channels, pumps, and calcium-binding proteins, which must be rapidly regulated at all expression levels. Τhe role of neuronal miRNAs in regulating ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IPRs) was investigated to understand the underlying mechanisms that modulate ER Ca release.

COVID-19 in patients with cancer: first report of the ESMO international, registry-based, cohort study (ESMO-CoCARE).

Background: ESMO COVID-19 and CAncer REgistry (ESMO-CoCARE) is an international collaborative registry-based, cohort study gathering real-world data from Europe, Asia/Oceania and Africa on the natural history, management and outcomes of patients with cancer infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Patients And Methods: ESMO-CoCARE captures information on patients with solid/haematological malignancies, diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data collected since June 2020 include demographics, comorbidities, laboratory measurements, cancer characteristics, COVID-19 clinical features, management and outcome.

ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly.

Early Career Members of Assembly 2 (Respiratory Intensive Care) attended the European Respiratory Society International Congress through a virtual platform in 2021. Sessions of interest to our assembly members included symposia on the implications of acute respiratory distress syndrome phenotyping on diagnosis and treatment, safe applications of noninvasive ventilation in hypoxaemic respiratory failure, and new developments in mechanical ventilation and weaning, and a guidelines session on applying high-flow therapy in acute respiratory failure. These sessions are summarised in this article.

Dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy in the trastuzumab era: final long-term results of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Phase III HE10/05 Trial.

Background: Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with anthracyclines and taxanes achieved an 18% reduction of recurrence risk in early breast cancer (BC). The optimal chemotherapy schedule and interval between cycles remain under investigation.

Methods: Overall, 990 patients were randomised to receive either three cycles of epirubicin (E, 110 mg/m) every 2 weeks followed by 3 cycles of paclitaxel (T, 200 mg/m) every 2 weeks followed by three cycles of intensified CMF (Control Arm A, E-T-CMF) that was previously used in BC or three cycles of epirubicin followed by three cycles of CMF followed by nine consecutive weekly cycles of docetaxel (wD) 35 mg/m (Arm B, E-CMF-wD) or nine consecutive weekly cycles of paclitaxel (wT) 80 mg/m (Arm C, E-CMF-wT).

Clopidogrel Monotherapy versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Patients with Established Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background:  There is no clear consensus on whether aspirin offers better outcomes in terms of secondary cardiovascular disease prevention compared with clopidogrel.

Objective:  The aim of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients with established cardiovascular disease.

Methods:  A systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (last search date: August 28, 2021) was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) statement for randomized control trials (RCTs) of clopidogrel versus aspirin as monotherapy in patients with established cardiovascular disease.

Assessment of the management of carcinomatous meningitis from breast cancer globally: a study by the Breast International Group Brain Metastasis Task Force.

Background: Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is a severe complication of breast cancer. The Breast International Group (BIG) carried out a survey to describe the approach to CM internationally.

Patients And Methods: A questionnaire on the management of CM was developed by the Brain Metastases Task Force of BIG and distributed to its groups, requesting one answer per group site.

Polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s]_{NN}=5.02 TeV.

The polarization of the Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam (z) direction, P_{z}, has been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV recorded with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main contribution to P_{z} comes from elliptic flow-induced vorticity and can be characterized by the second Fourier sine coefficient P_{z,s2}=⟨P_{z}sin(2φ-2Ψ_{2})⟩, where φ is the hyperon azimuthal emission angle and Ψ_{2} is the elliptic flow plane angle.

Accessing 14-Connected Nets: Continuous Breathing, Hydrophobic Rare-Earth Metal Organic Frameworks Based on 14-c Hexanuclear Clusters with High Affinity for Non-Polar Vapors.

Highly connected metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in which at least one building block has connectivity higher than twelve are very rare and much desirable. We report here the first examples of isostructural 14-connected MOFs, RE--MOF-1, constructed from the assembly of 14-c hexanuclear rare-earth clusters, [RE(μ-X)(COO)] (RE: Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and X: OH/F) with a tritopic carboxylate-based organic linker. This linker serves as a 3-c and 4-c organic node resulting in the formation of a unique, trinodal (3,4,14)-c framework.

Aptamer-conjugated carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer and bacteria theranostics: A review.

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that link to various substrates with great affinity and selectivity, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, cells, and tissues. For this reason, they can be used as imaging agents for cancer imaging techniques. Multifunctional nanomaterials combined with imaging probes and drugs are promising cancer diagnosis and treatment candidates.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic (metabolic associated) fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD).

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and is strongly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and other metabolic syndrome features. NAFLD is becoming increasingly prevalent and currently constitutes the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, the term metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed reflecting more accurately the underlying pathogenesis and the cardiometabolic disorders associated to NAFLD/MAFLD.

Evaluation of Monomer Elution and Surface Roughness of a Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network CAD-CAM Material After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-assisted Tooth Bleaching.

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted tooth bleaching treatment on the elution of monomers and surface roughness of a hybrid computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) material, and to compare it with a resin composite for direct restorations.

Methods And Materials: Forty specimens of a hybrid CAD-CAM material (Enamic) and forty of a conventional resin composite (Tetric) were fabricated and randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Half of the specimens of each material were stored in distilled water and the other half in artificial saliva for 7 days.

Golgi-Bypass Is a Major Unconventional Route for Translocation to the Plasma Membrane of Non-Apical Membrane Cargoes in .

Nutrient transporters have been shown to translocate to the plasma membrane (PM) of the filamentous fungus an unconventional trafficking route that bypasses the Golgi. This finding strongly suggests the existence of distinct COPII vesicle subpopulations, one following Golgi-dependent conventional secretion and the other directed towards the PM. Here, we address whether Golgi-bypass concerns cargoes other than nutrient transporters and whether Golgi-bypass is related to cargo structure, size, abundance, physiological function, or polar vs.

A Longitudinal Study of Spontaneous Gut Decolonization of Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in Neonatal and Pediatric Patients.

Background: Antibiotic exposure may convert gut microbiome to reservoir of resistant organisms, including carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB). Little is known about natural history of spontaneous CRGNB decolonization of neonates/children and their risk to develop CRGNB infections.

Methods: Patients hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital (1 days to 16 years) found to be CRGNB colonized in weekly surveillance cultures during hospitalization (January 2018 to December 2019) were prospectively followed after discharge with monthly rectal cultures for 12 months after colonization until decolonization (3 consecutive negative rectal cultures, ≥1 week apart).

Aspiration Versus Stent Retriever Thrombectomy for Distal, Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke in the Posterior Circulation: A Subanalysis of the TOPMOST Study.

Background: The optimal endovascular strategy for reperfusing distal medium-vessel occlusions (DMVO) remains unknown. This study evaluates angiographic and clinical outcomes of thrombectomy strategies in DMVO stroke of the posterior circulation.

Methods: TOPMOST (Treatment for Primary Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke) is an international, retrospective, multicenter, observational registry of patients treated for DMVO between January 2014 and June 2020.

Exploring seebeck-coefficient fluctuations in endohedral-fullerene, single-molecule junctions.

For the purpose of creating single-molecule junctions, which can convert a temperature difference Δ into a voltage Δ the Seebeck effect, it is of interest to screen molecules for their potential to deliver high values of the Seebeck coefficient = -Δ/Δ. Here we demonstrate that insight into molecular-scale thermoelectricity can be obtained by examining the widths and extreme values of Seebeck histograms. Using a combination of experimental scanning-tunnelling-microscopy-based transport measurements and density-functional-theory-based transport calculations, we study the electrical conductance and Seebeck coefficient of three endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) ScN@C, ScC@C, and ErN@C, which based on their structures, are selected to exhibit different degrees of charge inhomogeneity and geometrical disorder within a junction.

Management and Long-Term Follow-Up of Hyperparathyroidism in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: Single Center Experience.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in the most common and earliest manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN1). Epidemiological data have been reported in MEN1 patients but data on long-term follow-up focusing on PHPT are scarce.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients diagnosed with MEN1-related PHPT that were under regular follow-up in our institution.

Unique peptide signatures of SARS-CοV-2 virus against human proteome reveal variants' immune escape and infectiveness.

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has necessitated the identification of sequence areas in the viral proteome that are capable to serve as antigenic sites and treatment targets. In the present study, we have applied a novel approach for mechanistically illuminating the virus-host organism interactions, by analyzing the Unique Peptides (UPs) of the virus featured by a minimum amino acid sequence length being defined as Core Unique Peptides (CrUPs), not of the virus , but against the entire proteome of the host organism. This approach resulted in the identification of CrUPs of the virus itself, which could not be recognized in the host organism proteome.