179,382 results match your criteria: "Greece; University of Manchester[Affiliation]"

Object detection is a pivotal research domain within computer vision, with applications spanning from autonomous vehicles to medical diagnostics. This comprehensive survey presents an in-depth analysis of the evolution and significant advancements in object detection, emphasizing the critical role of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. We explore a wide spectrum of methodologies, ranging from traditional approaches to the latest DL models, thoroughly evaluating their performance, strengths, and limitations.

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Education is an activity that involves great cognitive load for learning, understanding, concentrating, and other high-level cognitive tasks. The use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and other brain imaging techniques in education has opened the scientific field of neuroeducation. Insights about the brain mechanisms involved in learning and assistance in the evaluation and optimization of education methodologies according to student brain responses is the main target of this field.

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Implantable Passive Sensors for Biomedical Applications.

Sensors (Basel)

December 2024

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.

Article Synopsis
  • Implantable sensors are becoming popular for localized and continuous monitoring in medical settings, allowing for early detection and timely interventions.
  • There are two main types of implantable sensors: active, which have more advanced functionalities but require a power source, and passive, which don't need power and offer simpler, smaller designs.
  • This review focuses on passive sensor technologies, discussing their materials, detection methods, clinical applications, advantages over active sensors, and important considerations for their packaging and compatibility with the human body.
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Timely damage detection on a mechanical system can prevent the appearance of catastrophic damage in it, as well as allow for better scheduling of its maintenance and repair process. For this purpose, multiple signal analysis methods have been developed to help identify anomalies in a system, through quantities such as vibrations or deformations in its critical components. In most applications, however, these data may be scarce or inexistent, hindering the overall process.

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The widespread propagation of wireless communication devices, from smartphones and tablets to Internet of Things (IoT) systems, has become an integral part of modern life. However, the expansion of wireless technology has also raised public concern about the potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields. Our objective is to determine the optimal machine learning model for constructing electric field strength maps across urban areas, enhancing the field of environmental monitoring with the aid of sensor-based data collection.

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Computer vision is a multidisciplinary field that enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world, simulating human vision [...

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Gastric cancer is a significant global contributor to cancer-related mortality. Stage IV gastric cancer represents a significant percentage of patients in Western countries, with peritoneal dissemination being the most prevalent site. Peritoneal disease comprises two distinct entities, macroscopic (P1) and microscopic (P0CY1), which are associated with poor long-term survival rates.

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Updates on Imaging of Common Urogenital Neoplasms.

Cancers (Basel)

December 2024

Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.

Urogenital neoplasms represent some of the most common malignancies [...

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The growing interest in minimal and non-invasive therapies, especially in the field of cancer treatment, highlights a significant shift toward safer and more effective options. Ablative therapies are well-established tools in cancer treatment, with known effects including locoregional control, while their role as modulators of the systemic immune response against cancer is emerging. The HIFU developed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance enables treatment precision, improves real-time procedural control, and ensures accurate outcome assessment.

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: Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, accounts for a significant proportion of skin-cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early and accurate differentiation between melanoma and benign melanocytic nevi is critical for improving survival rates but remains challenging because of diagnostic variability. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promise in automating melanoma detection with accuracy comparable to expert dermatologists.

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Maternal amino acid intake and its biological value may influence glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity, impacting the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to evaluate the association between amino acid intake from maternal diet before and during pregnancy and the risk of GDM. This study is part of the ongoing BORN2020 epidemiological Greek cohort.

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Background/objectives: This paper examines hunger over time to analyze how food insecurity is impacted by reduced income, including household funding from the government. Federal policies and community-based programs have the ability to prevent increases in food insecurity, particularly for populations that have risk factors, such as households with children; single-parent households; low-income households, especially those in rural areas; Black and Hispanic households; and, households experiencing economic hardships.

Methods: This study is bas ed on a cross-sectional survey that was administered in 2018 and 2019 to food pantry clients, an already food insecure population accessing resources, in Eastern Massachusetts.

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Unlabelled: Introduction-Aim: Adopting a lifestyle that incorporates regular physical activity confers substantial benefits to both physical and mental health and is recommended for prediabetic individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of activity tracking apps on increasing physical activity and its effect on glycemic control in people with prediabetes.

Materials And Methods: This pilot study included 37 participants, 18 in the prediabetic group and 19 in the normoglycemic group matched for age and gender (mean age 53 years, 40% males).

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The Effect of Protein Supplementation and Playing Time on Recovery Kinetics During a Congested Basketball Schedule.

Nutrients

December 2024

Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Occupational Therapy, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Background/objectives: Despite being widely promoted, protein supplementation's overall effectiveness during demanding basketball schedules remains unclear. This study investigated whether increased protein intake can accelerate recovery of muscle function during a 6-day congested basketball microcycle consisting of three consecutive games while accounting for the impact of playing time.

Methods: In a randomized, two-trial, cross-over, double-blind repeated measures design, eighteen male basketball players were assigned to a high (High PT) or a moderate (Mod PT) playing time group and participated in two trials, receiving daily either milk protein (PRO trial) or an isoenergetic amount of carbohydrates.

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Background/objectives: Home isolation measures during the COVID-19 lockdown periods may have influenced individuals' lifestyles. The COVEAT study aimed to identify differences in children's and their parents' dietary behavior, children's body weight and parental body mass index (BMI) between two lockdown periods implemented in Greece.

Methods: In total, 61 participants (children 2-18 years and their parents) completed questionnaires about their lifestyle, body weight and height, and family socio-demographic data, during both lockdown periods (LDs) implemented in Greece (LD1 in March-May 2020; LD2 in December 2020-January 2021).

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Background/objectives: Lavender has been utilized for its medicinal properties since ancient times, with numerous health benefits reported. This study aimed to valorize solid waste from lavender essential oil production by developing a novel lavender extract from solid lavender residues. The extract's preclinical safety and efficacy were evaluated with emphasis on plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue metabolic activity.

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Greek yogurt, a traditional food with roots in Ancient Greece, Mesopotamia, and Central Asia, has become a dietary staple worldwide due to its creamy texture, distinct flavor, and rich nutritional profile. The contemporary emphasis on health and wellness has elevated Greek yogurt as a functional food, recognized for its high protein content and bioavailable probiotics that support overall health. This study investigates the sensory attributes evaluated by a panel of 22 trained assessors and the consumer preferences driving the acceptance of Greek yogurt formulations.

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The Putative Antidiabetic Effect of on Diabetes Mellitus.

Int J Mol Sci

January 2025

Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a global disease that significantly impacts public health, has become increasingly common over time. In this review, we aim to determine the potential benefits of St. John's Wort (SJW) as an adjunct therapy for DM.

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are bacterial mediators of neuroinflammation that have been detected in close association with pathological protein aggregations of Alzheimer's disease. LPS induce the release of cytokines by microglia and mediate the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-a mechanism also associated with amyloidosis. Curcumin is a recognized natural medicine but has extremely low bioavailability.

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Atrial fibrosis is a hallmark of atrial cardiomyopathy and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), contributing to its onset and progression. The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrosis are multifaceted, involving stretch-induced fibroblast activation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and coagulation pathways. Variations in fibrosis types-reactive and replacement fibrosis-are influenced by patient-specific factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities, complicating therapeutic approaches.

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: Pancreatic Ductal Adeno-Carcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer, with limited treatment options. Disruption of the circadian clock, which regulates key cellular processes, has been implicated in PDAC initiation and progression. Hence, targeting circadian clock components may offer new therapeutic opportunities for the disease.

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DKK1 and Its Receptors in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Promising Molecular Target.

Diagnostics (Basel)

January 2025

First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy with increasing incidence. Despite the recent progress in targeted therapies and surgical approaches, the survival rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma patients remain poor. The Dickkopf (DKK) proteins are secretory proteins known mainly as antagonists of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is considered an oncogene.

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: The caroticoclinoid bar (CCB) or caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) represents a well-described ossified variant of the skull base. It corresponds to an osseous bridge (resulting after homonymous ligament ossification) between the anterior and middle clinoid processes (ACPs and MCPs) surrounding the internal carotid artery (ICA)'s cavernous segment. Although extensive research has been performed on this clinically significant entity, only a few studies have been conducted on its effect on the ICA.

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Performance Restoration of Chemically Recycled Carbon Fibres Through Surface Modification with Sizing.

Polymers (Basel)

December 2024

Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15773 Athens, Greece.

The recycling of Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) is becoming increasingly crucial due to the growing demand for sustainability in high-performance industries such as automotive and aerospace. This study investigates the impact of two chemical recycling techniques, chemically assisted solvolysis and plasma-enhanced solvolysis, on the morphology and properties of carbon fibres (CFs) recovered from end-of-life automotive parts. In addition, the effects of fibre sizing are explored to enhance the performance of the recycled carbon fibres (rCFs).

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite significant improvements in diagnostic modalities. Emerging evidence suggests that erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), are one of the most important contributors to the events implicated in atherosclerosis, although the molecular mechanisms behind it are under investigation. We used NMR-based lipidomic technology to investigate the RBC lipidome in patients with CHD compared to those with normal coronary arteries (NCAs), all angiographically documented, and its correlation with coronary artery stenosis.

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