Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence in Pulmonary Fibrosis.

A scoping review was conducted to investigate the role of radiological imaging, particularly high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosing and prognosticating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Relevant studies from the PubMed database were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers assessed study quality and analyzed data, estimating heterogeneity and publication bias.

Isolation and characterization of a new Leptobacillium species promoting tomato plant growth.

Endophytes can be a promising alternative for sustainable agronomic practices. In this study, we report for the first time a root-colonizing fungal strain (Sl27) of the genus Leptobacillium as a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) endophyte, with no clear homology to any known species. Performed analyses and assays, including morphological and physiological characterization of the fungal isolate, provided insights into the ecological niche and potential agronomical and industrial applications of the fungal isolate.

The fastest nonprofessional age group IRONMAN triathletes in the world originate from Europe.

It is well known that elite athletes of specific ethnicities and/or nationalities dominate certain sports disciplines (e.g., East Africans in marathon running).

Validation and accuracy of the Hyfe cough monitoring system: a multicenter clinical study.

Background: The ability to passively and continuously monitor coughing for prolonged periods of time would significantly improve cough management and research. To date there is no automated clinically validated cough monitor that can be routinely used in clinical care and research. Here we describe the validation of such an automated cough monitor.

Combination of clinical factors predicts successful glucocorticoid withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): results from a multicentre, retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Glucocorticoid (GC) tapering and withdrawal to reduce damage represents a key aspect of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) SLE recommendations. However, optimal strategies for relapse-free GC cessation remain ill-defined. We characterised clinical predictors and their combined effect on flares in patients with SLE who discontinued GC.

Expedited Conveyance of Out-of-Hospital-Cardiac Arrest patients with STEMI and shockable rhythms to Cardiac Arrest Centres - A Feasibility Pilot Study of the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society conveyance algorithm.

Background And Aims: Guidelines suggest non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) be conveyed to cardiac arrest centres (CAC). We hypothesised that (a) a pre-hospital conveyance algorithm based on initial presenting rhythm following OHCA is feasible and (b) that would demonstrate survival advantage.

Methods: This observational pilot study included all consecutive patients with OHCA from suspected cardiac aetiology from the county of Essex, United Kingdom from April 2022-April 2023.

An automated method of streamlining waiting list by clinical risk fast-tracking for patients awaiting TAVR: SWIFT TAVR algorithm.

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly in demand for treating severe aortic stenosis in a variety of surgical risk profiles. This means increasing wait times and elevated morbidity and mortality on the waitlist. To address this, we developed the SWIFT TAVR algorithm to prioritize patients based on clinical risk and reduce wait times.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Trends among Lower Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Crete, Greece, 2017-2022.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the most common infections in humans accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. Management of LRTIs is complicated due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated the prevalence and trends of antimicrobial resistance for bacteria isolated from respiratory samples of patients with LRTIs.

Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries.

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, an updated and comprehensive assessment of the global burden attributable to SSBs remains scarce. Here we estimated SSB-attributable T2D and CVD burdens across 184 countries in 1990 and 2020 globally, regionally and nationally, incorporating data from the Global Dietary Database, jointly stratified by age, sex, educational attainment and urbanicity.

The potential therapeutic role of berberine in treating epilepsy focusing on temporal lobe epilepsy: State of art and ongoing perspective.

Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by unprovoked recurrent epileptic seizures. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the commonest type of focal epilepsy in adults that resist to the conventional anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Interestingly, ASMs do not affect the epileptogenesis and progression of disease.

On the correction factors for small field dosimetry in 1.5T MR-linacs.

Clinical dosimetry in the presence of a 1.5T magnetic field is challenging, let alone in case small fields are involved. The scope of this study is to determine a set of relevant correction factors for a variety of MR-compatible detectors with emphasis on small fields.

Iron Regulatory Protein 2 (IRP2) Deficiency Is Protective Against Resistive Breathing-induced Pulmonary Inflammation.

Iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), a post-transcriptional regulator of cellular iron metabolism has been associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Resistive breathing (RB) is the hallmark of the pathophysiology of obstructive airway diseases, especially during exacerbations, where increased mechanical stress is imposed on the lung. We have previously shown that RB, through tracheal banding, mimicking severe airway obstruction, induces pulmonary inflammation and injury in previously healthy mice.

Critical Time Points for Assessing Long-Term Clinical Response After Sleeve Gastrectomy-A Retrospective Study of Patients with 13-Year Follow-Up.

Background: Weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) demonstrates significant diversity in the long term and the implicated mechanisms behind suboptimal clinical response (SCR) or recurrent weight gain (RWG) need to be scrutinized. This study retrospectively examines weight-loss trajectories, aiming to identify critical time points to optimize follow-up strategies and guide future prospective research.

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study of 104 patients that underwent SG.

Global Burden of Gallbladder Cancer Attributable to Modifiable Risk Factors.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly lethal and often overlooked malignancy increasingly affecting young adults. This study quantified the global proportion of GBC cases attributable to 10 key modifiable risk factors, employing Monte Carlo simulations and estimates from field-wide systematic review and meta-analysis. Approximately three-quarters of global GBC cases are attributable to key modifiable factors (74.

Association of Gingival Thickness With Incisor Morphological Characteristics and Papilla Height: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine possible associations between gingival thickness and other parameters, such as crown length and width, papilla height and patient's age and gender.

Overview: This cross-sectional study included 238 consecutive white Caucasian consecutive patients in all stages of orthodontic treatment (before, in-course, and after orthodontic treatment). Measurements of gingival thickness were carried out at both central mandibular incisors, mid-facially on the buccal aspect of each tooth, and 2 mm apically to the free gingival margin, with an Ultrasound device.

Clot signature in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke and concomitant active cancer.

Background And Purpose: Patients with active cancer face an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Also, stroke may be an initial indicator of cancer. In patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke treated with thrombectomy, analysis of the clot composition may contribute new insights into the pathological connections between these two conditions.

Achievements, priorities and strategies in pediatric nephrology in Europe: need for unifying approaches or acceptance of differences?

Background: There is a lack of information on the current healthcare systems for children with kidney diseases across Europe. The aim of this study was to explore the different national approaches to the organization and delivery of pediatric nephrology services within Europe.

Methods: In 2020, the European society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) conducted a cross-sectional survey to identify the existing pediatric nephrology healthcare systems in 48 European countries covering a population of more than 200 million children.

Early life acute infections and risk for cow's milk protein allergy or atopic dermatitis at 6 months of age in high risk for allergy infants.

Background: Early life infections (ELIs), encompassing both viral and bacterial types, occur within the first six months of life. Influenced by genetic host factors and environmental conditions, the relationship between ELIs and subsequent allergic manifestations, particularly cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and atopic dermatitis (AD), is complex and not fully understood.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the potential interplay between nutrition, infections, and allergic manifestations in the first six months of life in infants with a family history of allergies, who were either exclusively breastfed (EBF) or fed a combination of breast milk and standard (SF) or partially hydrolyzed infant formula (pHF).

Redefining () species complex in Greece focusing on the mitogenome of .

species complex, referred to as (), is distributed globally with some species distributed in specific regions and others spread globally. In Greece, () in dogs, and and in livestock, have been repeatedly reported however only based on morphological identification. Recently, there has been a great effort to accurately identify the species belonging to the species complex, using modern molecular tools and describe their spatial distribution.