A Study of p63 Immunohistochemical Expression in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions at a Tertiary Hospital in South India.

Introduction Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in female patients. Breast lesions can have various morphological diversities, ranging from benign to in situ to malignant. An important histopathological feature that distinguishes benign and malignant lesions is the presence or absence of the myoepithelial cell layer.

Role of Transcerebellar Diameter and Transcerebellar Diameter/Abdominal Circumference Ratio in Assessing Fetal Growth and Diagnosing Intrauterine Growth Restriction.

Background In obstetrics, accurately determining gestational age (GA) is a critical aspect of managing pregnancy and evaluating fetal growth and development. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is characterized by the failure of the fetus to reach its potential growth. Early detection of IUGR is crucial for optimal obstetric care to reduce fetal complications and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Retraction: Determination of the Efficiency of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Compressive Myelopathy.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57874.

Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) rs1800629 Polymorphism in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive loss of kidney function. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine implicated in inflammatory processes, including those affecting the kidneys. Although this association is not yet comprehensible, a tie-up between renal disease and markers of inflammation - interleukin-6 (IL-6), preceded by TNF-α - is eminent.

Application of Classroom Assessment Techniques in Medical Education: Results From the Community Medicine Teaching and Learning Experience.

Introduction Efficient delivery of medical education (ME) is crucial to improving the standards of future physicians or clinicians. India has been experiencing an enormous increase in medical colleges and student admissions into medicine. This has resulted in overcrowding and compromised the student-to-teacher ratio.

Functional Outcomes in Orthopaedic Open Wounds Treated With Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy: A Prospective Case Series.

Background: Open fractures with extensive soft-tissue damage, significant periosteal stripping, and exposed bone ends pose a significant challenge in orthopaedics. So, we conducted a prospective study that investigated the efficacy of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in improving functional outcomes for orthopaedic open wounds.

Methods: A prospective case series was conducted for a period of 18 months at the department of orthopaedics.

Association of MTHFD1 G1958A Polymorphism with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background The MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism is a common variation in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1), an enzyme crucial for folate metabolism. This study investigated the association between the MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphism, which is involved in folate metabolism, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Methods A case-control study was conducted and 304 pregnant women (152 with gestational diabetes as cases and 152 healthy pregnant as controls) participated in the study.

Accuracy of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Distinguishing Neoplastic From Non-neoplastic Brain Lesions.

Objective: To evaluate the advantage of a combination of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over MRI in the diagnosis of intracranial mass lesions to differentiate between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and compare them with histopathology and clinical data as gold standard.

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Radiology, Apollo Hospital located in Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad. In the present study, a total of 60 patients of all ages with brain masses found through MRI with positive clinical symptoms, regardless of gender, were included.

Sputnik V vaccine perception and hesitancy in a tertiary health care centre transformed to Covid-19 vaccine centre: A case study.

Background: Sputnik V vaccine was approved in India in April 2021 to tackle the pandemic situation. However, there was lack of information on the effects, side effects, and peoples' perception toward it. The present case study aims to evaluate the vaccine coverage, the awareness, and perception toward it and compare the adverse effects after each dose.

Role of High-Resolution Ultrasonography With Colour and Duplex Doppler in the Evaluation of Acute Scrotal Diseases.

Introduction The term 'acute scrotum' denotes the sudden initiation of pain in the scrotal region. Acute scrotum is a frequent medical condition in children and adults. Ultrasound facilitates precise diagnosis and differentiation of numerous causes of acute scrotum.

Reducing Stress and Anxiety in First-Year Undergraduates Through Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Training.

Background College students face many stressors daily, often resulting in psychological challenges such as heightened anxiety and depression. Biofeedback is becoming aware of and learning to modify the body's physiological functions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback relaxation training in mitigating stress and anxiety levels among medical undergraduates.

Determination of Efficiency of 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) in the Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis in Comparison With 2D FLAIR at 3-Tesla MRI.

Background: A fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) method eliminates the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal, enhancing white matter lesion detection by enhancing the contrast between the lesion and CSF. Three-dimensional (3D) volume acquisition has the advantage of multiplanar reformation of contiguous slices yielding improved signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs). To our knowledge, there are only three studies comparing 3D- and 2D-FLAIR sequences with respect to multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions at 3 tesla.

Serum Activities of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in Predicting Liver Damage Among Patients Diagnosed With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and unless diagnosed timely has limited options for treatment. Paraoxonase (PON) is a glycosylated protein that has been implicated in antioxidant and other biochemical functions. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an esterase associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles.

A Diagnostic Quandary: Carboplatin-Paclitaxel-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in a Rare Case of Carcinosarcoma of the Esophagus and Review of the Literature.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the esophagus, a mixed tumor comprising both carcinomatous and sarcomatoid components and known as carcinosarcoma, is a rare malignancy. Clinically and radiologically, it presents like other esophageal cancers. Here we discuss the case of a 69-year-old male patient with sarcomatoid carcinoma of the esophagus who developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) after chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel.

Comparative Dynamic Pulmonary Function Tests Between Apparently Healthy Young Adult Offspring of Asthmatic and Non-asthmatic Parents: A Pilot Study.

Background While the hereditary component of asthma has been established, its influence on early respiratory function changes in otherwise healthy offspring remains to be explored. Dynamic lung function tests assess airflow in and out of the lungs, providing valuable insights into respiratory health and detecting potential airflow limitations. This study aimed to compare the dynamic lung functions between offspring of asthmatic and non-asthmatic parents.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Testis in a Patient With Cecal Carcinoma.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are uncommon tumors that can be classified among fibroinflammatory disorders. IMTs are diagnosed after excluding all other entities, which can be considered differential diagnoses of IMTs. Microscopic examination of IMTs shows multiple myofibroblastic spindle cells, which are surrounded by inflammation.

Examining Body Fat Percentage, Galvanic Skin Response, and Muscle Grip Strength in Female Hypothyroid Patients.

Background The thyroid gland is an indispensable organ exerting control over the activity of multiple organ systems including the autonomic nervous system. This study attempted to monitor the variations in autonomic function parameters such as galvanic skin response (GSR) and muscle grip strength (HGS) in conjunction with changes in body fat percentage (BFP). Methodology This case-control study was conducted among 40 female hypothyroid patients as cases and 40 age-matched female healthy volunteers as controls.

A Study of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions at a Tertiary Care Center in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Introduction: Practically all physicians encounter a diverse range of suspected cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) in their daily clinical practice. The skin and mucosa are the most often encountered areas for the early presentation of numerous adverse drug reactions. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are classified as benign or severe.

A Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Hyperkeratotic Palmoplantar Lesions and Its Correlation With Dermoscopy and Histopathology in a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction Hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles are one of the most frequent clinical presentations encountered in dermatological practice, with a myriad of underlying etiologies that closely resemble one another and are clinically indistinguishable. Histopathological examination is the tool used by dermatologists to arrive at a final diagnosis, but it is invasive and not feasible under all circumstances. Dermoscopy is a new age, increasingly popular, noninvasive diagnostic technique of great value that is used to diagnose underlying etiology by acting as a bridge between clinical and histopathological pictures.

A Rare Case of Polymyositis and Systemic Sclerosis Overlap Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Diffuse scleroderma is a kind of scleroderma in which the immune system malfunctions, leading to excessive production of collagen in the skin and a variety of organ abnormalities. Based on previously recognized criteria, overlap syndrome is a disorder in which two or more medical illnesses are documented in a single patient. These syndromes are significantly more prevalent in illnesses with mixed connective tissue.

Impoverishing effects of out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures in India.

Background: Out of the 1.324 billion people in India (2016), around 12.4% of the population is below the poverty line.