Functionalizing Surfaces by Physical Vapor Deposition To Measure the Degree of Nanoscale Contact Using FRET.

Adhesion between solid materials is caused by intermolecular forces that only take place if the adhering surfaces are at nanoscale contact (NSC) (i.e., 0.

Safety assessment for autonomous vehicles: A reference driver model for highway merging scenarios.

Driver models are crucial for the safety assessment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) because of their role as reference models. Specifically, an AV is expected to achieve at least the same level of safety performance as a careful and competent driver model. To make this comparison possible, quantitative modeling of careful and competent driver models is essential.

Optoelectronic Strain-Measurement System Demonstrated on Scaled-Down Flywheels.

Monitoring the strain in the rotating flywheel in a kinetic energy storage system is important for safe operation and for the investigation of long-term effects in composite materials like carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics. An optoelectronic strain-measurement system for contactless deformation and position monitoring of a flywheel was investigated. The system consists of multiple optical sensors measuring the local relative in-plane displacement of the flywheel rotor.

A database of high-pressure crystal structures from hydrogen to lanthanum.

This paper introduces the HEX (High-pressure Elemental Xstals) database, a complete database of the ground-state crystal structures of the first 57 elements of the periodic table, from H to La, at 0, 100, 200 and 300 GPa. HEX aims to provide a unified reference for high-pressure research, by compiling all available experimental information on elements at high pressure, and complementing it with the results of accurate evolutionary crystal structure prediction runs based on Density Functional Theory. Besides offering a much-needed reference, our work also serves as a benchmark of the accuracy of current ab-initio methods for crystal structure prediction.

Investigating multilevel cognitive processing within error-free and error-prone feedback conditions in executed and observed car driving.

Accident analyses repeatedly reported the considerable contribution of run-off-road incidents to fatalities in road traffic, and despite considerable advances in assistive technologies to mitigate devastating consequences, little insight into the drivers' brain response during such accident scenarios has been gained. While various literature documents neural correlates to steering motion, the driver's mental state, and the impact of distraction and fatigue on driving performance, the cortical substrate of continuous deviations of a car from the road - i.e.

Are the metal identity and stoichiometry of metal complexes important for colchicine site binding and inhibition of tubulin polymerization?

Quite recently we discovered that copper(II) complexes with isomeric morpholine-thiosemicarbazone hybrid ligands show good cytotoxicity in cancer cells and that the molecular target responsible for this activity might be tubulin. In order to obtain better lead drug candidates, we opted to exploit the power of coordination chemistry to (i) assemble structures with globular shape to better fit the colchicine pocket and (ii) vary the metal ion. We report the synthesis and full characterization of bis-ligand cobalt(III) and iron(III) complexes with 6-morpholinomethyl-2-formylpyridine 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL1), 6-morpholinomethyl-2-acetylpyridine 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL2), and 6-morpholinomethyl-2-formylpyridine 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL3), and -ligand nickel(II), zinc(II) and palladium(II) complexes with HL1, namely [Co(HL)(L)](NO) (1), [Co(HL)(L)](NO) (2), [Co(HL)(L)](NO) (3), [Fe(L)]NO (4), [Fe(HL)(L)](NO) (5), [Ni(L)]Cl (6), [Zn(L)Cl] (7) and [Pd(HL)Cl]Cl (8).

Integration of mucus and its impact within in vitro setups for inhaled drugs and formulations: Identifying the limits of simple vs. complex methodologies when studying drug dissolution and permeability.

Traditionally, developing inhaled drug formulations relied on trial and error, yet recent technological advancements have deepened the understanding of 'inhalation biopharmaceutics' i.e. the processes that occur to influence the rate and extent of drug exposure in the lungs.

Quantified planar collagen distribution in healthy and degenerative mitral valve: biomechanical and clinical implications.

Degenerative mitral valve disease is a common valvular disease with two arguably distinct phenotypes: fibroelastic deficiency and Barlow's disease. These phenotypes significantly alter the microstructures of the leaflets, particularly the collagen fibers, which are the main mechanical load carriers. The predominant method of investigation is histological sections.

Films based on TEMPO-oxidized chitosan nanoparticles: Obtaining and potential application as wound dressings.

A series of novel films based on TEMPO-oxidized chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by casting method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to ascertain the chemical structure of TEMPO-oxidized chitosan. The surface morphology of the TEMPO-oxidized chitosan nanoparticles was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).

ENT3C: an entropy-based similarity measure for Hi-C and micro-C derived contact matrices.

Hi-C and micro-C sequencing have shed light on the profound importance of 3D genome organization in cellular function by probing 3D contact frequencies across the linear genome. The resulting contact matrices are extremely sparse and susceptible to technical- and sequence-based biases, making their comparison challenging. The development of reliable, robust and efficient methods for quantifying similarity between contact matrices is crucial for investigating variations in the 3D genome organization in different cell types or under different conditions, as well as evaluating experimental reproducibility.

Process analytical technology in Downstream-Processing of Drug Substances- A review.

Process Analytical Technology (PAT) has revolutionized pharmaceutical manufacturing by providing real-time monitoring and control capabilities throughout the production process. This review paper comprehensively examines the application of PAT methodologies specifically in the production of solid active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Beginning with an overview of PAT principles and objectives, the paper explores the integration of advanced analytical techniques such as spectroscopy, imaging modalities and others into solid API substance production processes.

dMAD7 is a promising tool for targeted gene regulation in the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii.

The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii is a popular host system for the pharmaceutical and biotechnological production of recombinant proteins. CRISPR-Cas9 and its derivative CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) offer a promising avenue to further enhance and exploit the full capabilities of this host. MAD7 and its catalytically inactive variant "dead" MAD7 (dMAD7) represent an interesting alternative to established CRISPR-Cas9 systems and are free to use for industrial and academic research.

pyCEPS: A cross-platform electroanatomic mapping data to computational model conversion platform for the calibration of digital twin models of cardiac electrophysiology.

Background And Objective: Data from electro-anatomical mapping (EAM) systems are playing an increasingly important role in computational modeling studies for the patient-specific calibration of digital twin models. However, data exported from commercial EAM systems are challenging to access and parse. Converting to data formats that are easily amenable to be viewed and analyzed with commonly used cardiac simulation software tools such as openCARP remains challenging.

Ordered Transfer from 3D-Oriented MOF Superstructures to Polymeric Films: Microfabrication, Enhanced Chemical Stability, and Anisotropic Fluorescent Patterns.

Films and patterns of 3D-oriented metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) afford well-ordered pore structures extending across centimeter-scale areas. These macroscopic domains of aligned pores are pivotal to enhance diffusion along specific pathways and orient functional guests. The anisotropic properties emerging from this alignment are beneficial for applications in ion conductivity and photonics.

Discovery, characterization, and comparative analysis of new UGT72 and UGT84 family glycosyltransferases.

Glycosylated derivatives of natural product polyphenols display a spectrum of biological activities, rendering them critical for both nutritional and pharmacological applications. Their enzymatic synthesis by glycosyltransferases is frequently constrained by the limited repertoire of characterized enzyme-catalyzed transformations. Here, we explore the glycosylation capabilities and substrate preferences of newly identified plant uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) within the UGT72 and UGT84 families, with particular focus on natural polyphenol glycosylation from UDP-glucose.

Archaeosomes for Oral Drug Delivery: From Continuous Microfluidics Production to Powdered Formulations.

Archaeosomes were manufactured from natural archaeal lipids by a microfluidics-assisted single-step production method utilizing a mixture of di- and tetraether lipids extracted from The primary aim of this study was to investigate the exceptional stability of archaeosomes as potential carriers for oral drug delivery, with a focus on powdered formulations. The archaeosomes were negatively charged with a size of approximately 100 nm and a low polydispersity index. To assess their suitability for oral delivery, the archaeosomes were loaded with two model drugs: calcein, a fluorescent compound, and insulin, a peptide hormone.

Laboratory Investigations of the Leica RTC360 Laser Scanner-Distance Measuring Performance.

A Leica RTC360 laser scanner was investigated using a linear horizontal comparator system with four targets of different reflectance. Several thousand panorama scans were conducted along the 30 m long comparator, basically in 40 mm steps. For a selected target, more detailed investigations were carried out with a 2 mm step width for a 2 m wide section.

Interpretability of Causal Discovery in Tracking Deterioration in a Highly Dynamic Process.

In a dynamic production processes, mechanical degradation poses a significant challenge, impacting product quality and process efficiency. This paper explores a novel approach for monitoring degradation in the context of viscose fiber production, a highly dynamic manufacturing process. Using causal discovery techniques, our method allows domain experts to incorporate background knowledge into the creation of causal graphs.

Augmented Reality-Guided Extraction of Fully Impacted Lower Third Molars Based on Maxillofacial CBCT Scans.

(1) Background: This study aimed to integrate an augmented reality (AR) image-guided surgery (IGS) system, based on preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, into clinical practice. (2) Methods: In preclinical and clinical surgical setups, an AR-guided visualization system based on Microsoft's HoloLens 2 was assessed for complex lower third molar (LTM) extractions. In this study, the system's potential intraoperative feasibility and usability is described first.

Nanoscale, surface-confined phase separation by electron beam induced oxidation.

Electron-assisted oxidation of Co-Si-based focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) materials is shown to form a 2-4 nm metal oxide surface layer on top of an electrically insulating silicon oxide layer less than 10 nm thick. Differences between thermal and electron-induced oxidation on the resulting microstructure are illustrated.

Image capturing, segmentation and data analysis of shredded refuse streams.

Refuse sorting is an important cornerstone of the recycling industry, but ever-changing refuse compositions and the desire to increase recycling rates still pose many unsolved challenges. The digitalisation of refuse sorting plants promises to overcome these challenges by optimising and automatically adapting the sorting process. This publication describes a system for image capturing, segmentation-based refuse recognition and data analysis of shredded refuse streams.

Toward high-resolution 3D-printing of pharmaceutical implants - A holistic analysis of relevant material properties and process parameters.

In this work, filament-based 3D-printing, the most widely used sub-category of material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM), is presented as a promising manufacturing platform for the production of subcutaneous implants. Print nozzle diameters as small as 100 µm were utilized demonstrating MEAM of advanced porous internal structures at the given cylindrical implant geometry of 2 mm × 40 mm. The bottlenecks related to high-resolution MEAM of subcutaneous implants are systematically analyzed and the print process is optimized accordingly.