Transcultural diabetes nutrition therapy algorithm: the Asian Indian application.

India and other countries in Asia are experiencing rapidly escalating epidemics of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. The dramatic rise in the prevalence of these illnesses has been attributed to rapid changes in demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors. The rapid transition in dietary patterns in India-coupled with a sedentary lifestyle and specific socioeconomic pressures-has led to an increase in obesity and other diet-related noncommunicable diseases.

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: A diagnostic dilemma.

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory damage to joints, kidney, central nervous system, and hematopoietic system in the form of fever, cutaneous lesion including skin rash, arthritis, anemia, and fatigue. We report a case in which the patient had features mimicking idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and juvenile dermatomyositis, but on a detailed Hematological investigation and kidney biopsy patient was diagnosed as juvenile SLE.

Cervicofacial actinomycosis mimicking lymphangioma circumscriptum.

Primary cutaneous actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii occurs most commonly in the cervicofacial area. It commonly presents as "lumpy jaw" with draining sinuses which discharge the characteristic "sulfur granules". A low index of suspicion and a low sensitivity in culturing the organism, due to its fastidious nature often delays the diagnosis.

Immunohistochemical (IHC) HER-2/neu and fluorescent-in situ hybridization (FISH) gene amplification of breast cancer in Indian women.

Background: The concordance rate between immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results for HER2/neu according to clinical performance is controversial. The present prospective study was theerefore conducted in Indian breast cancer patients.

Methods: Fifty cases (n=50) of invasive duct cancer of breast tested for HER-2/neu by IHC and scored as 0, 1+, 2+ and 3+ by pathologists were further analyzed by FISH using a commercially available double-color probe, and the findings compared.

Cancer biomarker HER-2/neu in breast cancer in Indian women.

Aim And Objectives: In Indian women with breast cancer, the HER-2/neu gene is amplified in 30% of cases. Elevated serum HER-2/neu levels have been shown to be associated with a poor clinical prognosis and decreased survival in early stage breast cancer patients, and testing for this may help to manage the disease. The present study was therefore to estimate serum HER-2/neu levels in breast cancer patients and associate these with other prognostic factors.

Status of HER-2/neu receptors and Ki-67 in breast cancer of Indian women.

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women. Receptor status is the most important prognostic and predictive marker for breast cancer.

Aims: The present study was conducted with an aim to analyze breast cancer of Indian women with discordant receptor status, probably hormone dependent estrogen receptor (ER) positive, progesterone receptor (PgR) negative or ER- negative and PgR+ positive subgroup profile, infiltrating ductal breast cancer (IDC) not otherwise specified.

Right posterior branch draining into intra-pancreatic common duct: the triple duct sign.

Simultaneous dilatation of pancreatic duct (PD) and common bile duct (CBD) is often seen on radio imaging in pancreatic head malignancy or chronic pancreatitis. This is called double duct sign. However, dilatation of aberrant bile duct along with PD and CBD resulting in triple duct sign on radio imaging has not been reported in literature till date.

Candida tropicalis: its prevalence, pathogenicity and increasing resistance to fluconazole.

Candida tropicalis has been identified as the most prevalent pathogenic yeast species of the Candida-non-albicans group. Historically, Candida albicans has been the major species responsible for causing candidiasis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. However, infections (candidiasis) due to C.

Tracheo-oesophageal party wall thickness in laryngectomised patients in India: implications for surgical voice restoration.

Objective: To document accurately the tracheo-oesophageal party wall thickness (PWT) intra-operatively in patients undergoing total laryngectomy and to correlate it with constitutional parameters like height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and gender. Also, to correlate PWT with the length of tract (LOT), that is prosthesis size, as measured using the standard valve length measuring device provided by the manufacturers.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients of carcinoma larynx, following removal of the diseased larynx had their tracheo-oesophageal PWT measured using a special custom-designed and calibrated external (or outside) calliper and a primary trachea-oesophageal puncture (TOP) was made and inserted 10-14 days postoperative with an appropriately sized Blom-Singer(R) indwelling voice prosthesis.

Dysphagia in head and neck cancer.

Dysphagia is an important symptom of head and neck cancer (HNC), as well as representing a significant complication of its treatment. The treatment of HNC can result in neuromuscular and sensory damage affecting any stage of the swallow. The protective mechanisms during swallowing afforded by the structures in the pharynx are also affected in HNC.

Making sense of post-treatment surveillance in head and neck cancer: when and what of follow-up.

Follow-up in patients treated for head and neck cancer (HNC) is aimed at early detection of recurrence, metastases and second primary tumours. Various modalities for the routine follow-up of patients with HNC have been proposed and studied in the literature. Consequently, practising head and neck surgeons and oncologists all over the world use different guidelines and protocols to follow-up their patients.

Challenges for the future modifications of the TNM staging system for head and neck cancer: case for a new computational model?

The TNM system of staging cancers is a simple and effective method to map the extent of tumours. It had traditionally strived to maintain a balance between being simple and user-friendly on one hand and comprehensive on the other. A number of revisions have taken place over the years with the goal of improving utility.

Is electroglottography-based videostroboscopic assessment of post-laryngectomy prosthetic speech useful?

Objectives: To use an electroglottography (EGG)-based videostroboscopy tool to assess the anatomical and morphologic characteristics of the pharyngoesophageal (PE) segment in tracheoesophageal (TO) speakers.

Study Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Subjects: Fifty-two post-laryngectomy patients with no recurrence and using prosthetic (Blom-Singer) speech.

Comparative study of outcome of type I tympanoplasty in dry and wet ear.

Chronic suppurative otitis media is a common condition seen in patients attending the otolaryngology clinic. The discharging ear presents the otologist with the dilemma of operating on it or not. This due to the widespread belief that the success rate while doing tympanoplasty on wet ears is decidedly inferior.

Quality of life and outcomes research in head and neck cancer: a review of the state of the discipline and likely future directions.

Quality of life (QOL) is by definition a multi-dimensional global construct that has become an increasingly important outcome measure in cancer treatment. The impact of a head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis on the person and the consequences of its treatment cross multiple functional domains that have a clear and direct influence on one's post-treatment well-being and associated QOL. The evaluation of QOL and performance outcome in cancer is critical to optimal patient care, comprehensive evaluation of treatment alternatives, and the development of informed rehabilitation and patient education services.

Twenty-two year follow-up of an Indian family with dysferlinopathy-clinical, immunocytochemical, western blotting and genetic features.

Long-term observations over a period of 22 years in an Indian family with primary dysferlinopathy are recorded, defining phenotypic variability. In the propositus, the dystrophy began distally in the tibialis anterior muscles, before involving the gastrocnemius. Transient painful calf hypertrophy, followed by calf wasting was observed.

Electroconvulsive therapy in drug resistant neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

We report a case of a 20 years female referred to us with a history of a brief psychotic episode for which she was given inj. Haloperidol. The patient presented in an unconscious state with high grade fever.

Aloe vera: a short review.

Aloe vera is a natural product that is now a day frequently used in the field of cosmetology. Though there are various indications for its use, controlled trials are needed to determine its real efficacy. The aloe vera plant, its properties, mechanism of action and clinical uses are briefly reviewed in this article.

Pulmonary leptospirosis: an excellent response to bolus methylprednisolone.

Background: This case series analyses the beneficial effect of methylprednisolone in pulmonary leptospirosis, which usually has an aggressive course and grave outcome.

Methods: 30 patients of pulmonary leptospirosis were evaluated. The initial 13 patients did not receive corticosteroids while the remaining 17 all received bolus methylprednisolone one gram intravenously for three days followed by oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg for seven days, on the basis of occasional case reports of benefit in pulmonary leptospirosis.

Transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia due to chronic cough.

Intercostal transdiaphragmatic hernia is a rarely reported lesion. Trauma is the commonest cause. We report a 75-year-old man who presented with transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia due to chronic cough.