Pelvic neurofibroma.

A 58-year old male presented with a hard lump in lower abdomen extending into pelvis. Clinical examination and computed tomography scan revealed pelvic retroperitoneal mass. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy - revealing a well encapsulated retroperitoneal mass extending up to coccyx, posterior to the urinary bladder.

Use of ultrasound to diagnose pneumothorax after video assisted thoracic surgery: Do we need to acquire a new skill?

Diagnosis of a pneumothorax in the immediate post-operative area can be difficult. Traditional gold-standard modalities may not be available or feasible to institute. Ultrasound (US) guidance allows the anesthesia provider a method of quickly detecting this potentially life-threatening complication especially when it's least expected.

Spheno-orbital encephalocele: A rare entity - A case report and review of literature.

Objective: To report a rare case of basal encephalocele (spheno-orbital encephalocele), managed successfully in our institute. This is one of the rarest type of encephaloceles with very little literature available. In this case, sphenoid dysplasia was not associated with type 1 Neurofibromatosis.

Adenocarcinoma of an Ileostomy in a Case of Hirschprung's Disease with Retroviral Disease.

The number of ileostomies created for benign diseases such as familial adenomatous polyposis and ulcerative colitis is increasing. Long-term ileostomies are prone to develop various complications over time. Ileostomy site carcinoma is a well-established complication in ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis that have undergone total colectomy.

Assessment of some biochemical oxidative stress markers in male smokers with chronic periodontitis.

The present study aims to assess and compare the biochemical oxidative stress markers in male smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. One hundred thirty-four male chronic periodontitis patients and 64 apparently healthy male volunteers were recruited for the study. The periodontal status was evaluated by measuring gingival index, plaque index, papillary bleeding index and clinical attachment loss using UNC-15 probe.

Neurology in the developing world.

The social and economic impact of neurologic disorders is being increasingly recognized in the developing world. Demographic transition, especially in large Asian populations, has resulted in a significant increase in the elderly population, bringing to the fore neurologic illnesses such as strokes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. CNS infections such as retroviral diseases, tuberculosis, and malaria still account for high mortality and morbidity.

Rabies, tetanus, leprosy, and malaria.

The developing world is still endemic to rabies, tetanus, leprosy, and malaria. Globally more than 55000 people die of rabies each year, about 95% in Asia and Africa. Annually, more than 10 million people, mostly in Asia, receive postexposure vaccination against the disease.

Neurology as career option among postgraduate medical students.

Background: In the context of inadequacy of neurology workforce in India, it is important to understand factors that post-graduate medical students consider for and against choosing neurology as their career option. Understanding these factors will help in planning strategies to encourage students to pursue a career in neurology. At present, there is a paucity of studies addressing this issue in India.

Vulvar migration of the peritoneal end through the inguinal canal in a female infant: An unusual complication of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: A case report and review of literature.

Migration of the peritoneal end of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt through the patent processus vaginalis has been described in preterm male infants with 26 such cases in the literature. The occurrence of this rare complication in the female preterm infants has not yet been reported. We report a 3-month-old premature female infant who presented with a gradual increase in head size since birth.

Brachial plexopathy.

Brachial plexus injury can occur as a result of trauma, inflammation or malignancies, and associated complications. The current topic is concerned with various forms of brachial plexopathy, its clinical features, pathophysiology, imaging findings, and management. Idiopathic brachial neuritis (IBN), often preceded with antecedent events such as infection, commonly present with abruptonset painful asymmetric upper limb weakness with associated wasting around the shoulder girdle and arm muscles.

Laparoscopic excision of mesenteric cyst of sigmoid mesocolon.

Mesenteric cysts are rare abdominal tumours. They are found in the mesentery of small bowel (66%) and mesentery of large intestine (33%), usually in the right colon. Very few cases have been reported of tumours found in mesentery of descending colon, sigmoid or rectum.

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the temporal bone: A rare entity.

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is the least common benign tumor of the cartilaginous origin. It is very unusual to find these tumors in the skull bones. We report one such case involving the temporal bone.

Pearl in interhemispheric fissure: A rare phenomenon.

Epidermoid cysts (Keratin pearls) are benign congenital lesions, found commonly in cerebello-pontine angle, suprasellar cistern, sylvian cistern, pineal region, but they are very rare in interhemispheric fissure. Approaching these lesions are challenging to neurosurgeons because of narrow and deep fissure with surrounding vital structures. The present study constitutes an analysis of interhemispheric epidermoid managed at our hospital in last 10 years (Jan 2001-Dec 2010).

Chronic lymphedema of filarial origin: a very rare etiology of cutaneous lymphangiosarcoma.

Lymphedema-associated angiosarcoma also known as lymphangiosarcoma is the commonest type of cutaneous angiosarcoma. Post-mastectomy lymphedema is the most frequent cause, while chronic filarial lymphedema is one of the most uncommon etiology for development of lymphangiosarcoma. We report a case of a 50 year old male suffering from chronic filarial lymphedema of right lower extremity, presented with brownish nodules on the right leg, which were diagnosed histopathologically as lymphangiosarcoma.

Posterior fossa meningioma "our experience" in 64 cases.

Background: Posterior fossa meningiomas are 20% of all intracranial meningiomas. These are slow-growing tumors thus become large before presentation. Microsurgical resection is the treatment of choice for the majority of these lesions, but variable locations, large size at diagnosis, frequent encroachment of neural and vascular structures, and their potentially invasive behavior are some of the features of these tumors that make their resection challenging.

Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Heart Failure at Presentation in Grave's Disease.

A young female presented with evidence of right-sided heart failure and was subsequently found to have significant pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Because of her normal left ventricular function and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, the most probable site of etiology seemed to be the pulmonary vasculature. All the common possible secondary causes of PAH were ruled out, but during the investigations, she was found to have elevated thyroid function tests compatible with the diagnosis of Grave's disease.

Functional Paraganglioma: A Rare Conus-cauda Lesion.

Conus-cauda syndrome is caused due to involvement of the lower end of the spinal cord and arising bunch of nerve roots. It is caused commonly due to traumatic injury, spinal stenosis, spinal tumors, inflammatory, and infectious conditions, but paraganglioma is a rare cause. These tumors are rarely functional and secrete catecholamine.

Cerebral astroblastoma: A case report and review of literature.

Astroblastomas are uncommon neuroepithelial tumors of uncertain origin. These occur predominantly in the cerebral hemisphere of young adults and children. They form only 0.

Amniotic fluid embolism: a cause of sudden maternal death and police inquest.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare, unforeseeable, unpreventable, and dreadful complication of pregnancy. Histological diagnosis is still the criterion standard for its detection because of the lack of any reliable clinical laboratory tests. The diagnosis of AFE has a close association with medicolegal aspects of obstetric death.

E-Cadherin as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer.

Background: E-cadherin is expressed in most normal epithelial tissues. Selective loss of E-cadherin can cause dedifferentiation and invasiveness in human carcinomas, leading E-cadherin to be classified as a tumor suppressor. Loss of E-cadherin has been demonstrated in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, but the relationship between E-cadherin expression and breast cancer histopathology and prognosis is less clear.