Heptaellipside A, a rare new 2,28-bidesmosidic lupane-type saponin from the leaves of .

For the first time, phytochemical constituents of the leaves of were investigated. One rare new 2,28-bidesmosidic lupane-type saponin, named heptaellipside A (), along with four other lupane-type analogs () were purified by combining differently chromatographic methods. All of the separated compounds () were communicated for the first time from .

Preparation of water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides by oxidative hydrolysis of chitosan powder with hydrogen peroxide.

Chitosan (CS) is only soluble in weak acid medium, thereby limiting its wide utilisation in the field of biomedicine, food, and agriculture. In this report, we present a method for preparing water-soluble CS oligosaccharides (COSs) at high concentration (∼10%, w/v) via the oxidative hydrolysis of CS powder with molecular weight (Mw) ∼90,000 g/mol) in 2% HO solution at ambient temperature by a two-step process, namely, the heterogeneous hydrolysis step and homogeneous hydrolysis step. The resultant COSs were characterised by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy.

Study of jelly drying cashew apples (.) processing.

Cashew apples, a by-product accrued during the manufacture of cashew nuts, have abundant nutritional values but are not widely utilized due to the presence of substances that cause acrid taste. In this study, we attempted the production of a dried jelly cashew apple product and optimized three main processing stages including blanching, osmotic, and drying. The results showed suitable conditions at 6 mm thickness in the blanching process.

A comprehensive phylogeography of the widespread pond snail genus revealed restricted colonization due to niche conservatism.

To clarify the effect of niche conservatism on evolutionary history, we focused on freshwater snails, which have different ecological and phylogenetic properties from previously tested taxa. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using 750 lymnaeid individuals from 357 sites of eleven species. Then, we estimated the ancestral distribution using the geographic coordinates and colonization routes.

Lipid composition and molecular species of phospholipid in oyster (Sowerby, 1871) from Lang Co Beach, Hue Province, Vietnam.

Oysters are widely distributed worldwide, but are mainly concentrated in tropics and subtropics. Total lipid (TL), fatty acid (FA) composition of TL and polar lipid (PoL) fractions, phospholipid (PL) class, and molecular species composition in soft tissues of Crassostrea lugubris were investigated for the first time from Vietnam. Phosphatidylglycolic acid (PGA) is the new phospholipid class first identified in marine species in general and Crassostrea lugubris in particular.

A new species of a rare genus, Truxonchus quangi sp. n. (Mononchida, Anatonchidae) from bat xat nature reserve in Lao Cai Province, Vietnam.

Truxonchus quangi sp. n. is described and illustrated from Vietnam.

Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide-TiO₂ Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Rhodamine B Photodegradation Investigation.

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) sheets were successfully synthesized using two routes: conventional Hummers' (HGO) and modified Hummers' (or Marcano's) (MGO) methods. GO sheets were then assembled with TiO₂ nanoparticles to form nanocomposites (i.e.

Evolutionary origins of taro () in Southeast Asia.

As an ancient clonal root and leaf crop, taro (, Araceae) is highly polymorphic with uncertain genetic and geographic origins. We explored chloroplast DNA diversity in cultivated and wild taros, and closely related wild taxa, and found cultivated taro to be polyphyletic, with tropical and temperate clades that appear to originate in Southeast Asia sensu lato. A third clade was found exclusively in wild populations from Southeast Asia to Australia and Papua New Guinea.

Description of a new species, Actus hagiangensis (Mononchida, Mylonchulidae) from Ha Giang province, Vietnam.

Actus hagiangensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Vietnam.

Solar Cell Based on Hybrid Structural SiNW/Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate)/Graphene.

Solar energy is considered as a potential alternative energy source. The solar cell is classified into three main types: i) solar cells based on bulk silicon materials (monocrystalline, polycrystalline), ii) thin-film solar cells (CIGS, CdTe, DSSC, etc.), and iii) solar cells based on nanostructures and nanomaterials.

Human-geographic effects on variations in the population genetics of (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) that historically migrated from continental East Asia to Japan.

Background: Anthropogenic factors potentially affect observed biogeographical patterns in population genetics, but the effects of ancient human activities on the original patterns created by natural processes are unknown. , a widely distributed freshwater snail species in East Asia, was used to investigate this issue. It is unclear whether in Japan was introduced from China and how different human uses and varying geographic patterns affect the contemporary population genetics between the two regions.

study on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of a new stigmastane-type steroid saponin from the leaves of .

Using various chromatographic separations, four compounds, including one new steroid saponin named vernoamyoside E (), were isolated from the leaves of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Delile (Asteraceae). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods such as 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and HPLC analysis. The inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase of the isolated compounds from were reported for the first time.

Asterosaponins from the tropical starfish and their cytotoxic and anticancer activities .

New asterosaponin, acanthaglycoside G (), along with three previously known steroidal oligoglycosides (), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the starfish , collected off the coast of Vietnam. The structure of was mainly elucidated by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques as sodium 6--{-D-fucopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→4)-[-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)]--D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→3)--D-quinovopyranosyl}-6-hydroxy-5-pregn-9(11)-en-20-one-3-yl sulfate. Compounds and showed slight cytotoxic activities against cancer RPMI-7951, HT-29, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, but effectively inhibited in non-toxic concentrations colony formation of HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cells and cell migration of MDA-MB-231 cells.

Polysciosides J and K, two new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins from the leaves of (L.) harms. cultivating in An Giang Province, Viet Nam.

For the first time, the phytochemical constituents of the leaves of (L.) Harms. cultivating in An Giang Province, Viet Nam were investigated and led to purify two new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, named polyscioside J () and polyscioside K () together with two known saponins, ladyginoside A () and chikusetsusaponin IVa () using variously chromatographic methods.

Evolution of nuchal glands, unusual defensive organs of Asian natricine snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae), inferred from a molecular phylogeny.

A large body of evidence indicates that evolutionary innovations of novel organs have facilitated the subsequent diversification of species. Investigation of the evolutionary history of such organs should provide important clues for understanding the basis for species diversification. An Asian natricine snake, , possesses a series of unusual organs, called nuchal glands, which contain cardiotonic steroid toxins known as bufadienolides.