Enhanced spring temperature sensitivity of carbon emission links to earlier phenology.

Phenology has a great effect on the carbon cycle. Significant relationships have been well demonstrated between phenology and photosynthesis. However, few studies have been undertaken to characterize relationships between phenology and ecosystem respiration (Re).

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Moringa oleifera leaves and their functional chemical constituents.

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) leaves have long been consumed as both nutritive vegetable and popular folk medicine for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Kenya communities.

Mercury concentration and fatty acid composition in muscle tissue of marine fish species harvested from Liaodong Gulf: An intelligence quotient and coronary heart disease risk assessment.

Marine fish species are an important source of biologically valuable proteins, fats, fat-soluble vitamins, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but they are also susceptible to pollutants. Mercury is liable to bioamplify in the aquatic food chain, and the health risks posed by methylmercury (MeHg) could undermine the benefits of eating fish, so risk-benefit assessments are needed for those fish species regularly consumed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concentrations of mercury and characteristics of fatty acids in marine fish harvested from Liaodong Gulf, China, so as to better understand the risk-benefit effects of marine fish consumption.

Linkages between soil organic carbon fractions and carbon-hydrolyzing enzyme activities across riparian zones in the Three Gorges of China.

The effect of flooding on soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remains a widely debated topic. Here, we investigated spatial variations in C-hydrolyzing enzyme activities, soil C contents in different fractions [i.e.

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust around a zinc smelting plant in China based on bioavailability and bioaccessibility.

In order to investigate pollution level, chemical speciation and health risk of exposure to heavy metals in street dust from smelting district, we carried the following studies: (a). the differences in the morphology of street dust in smelting and non-smelting districts using a scanning electron microscope; (b). the chemical speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals in <100 μm and <63 μm particles near a smelting district using a modified three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure and in vitro digestion test, respectively; (c).

Defective arginine metabolism impairs mitochondrial homeostasis in Caenorhabditiselegans.

Arginine catabolism involves enzyme-dependent reactions in both mitochondria and the cytosol, defects in which may lead to hyperargininemia, a devastating developmental disorder. It is largely unknown if defective arginine catabolism has any effects on mitochondria. Here we report that normal arginine catabolism is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis in Caenorhabditiselegans.

The circular RNA CDR1as regulate cell proliferation via TMED2 and TMED10.

Background: Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are biologically active RNAs. CDR1as is one such circRNA previously reported to be a microRNA-7 (miR-7) sponge, thereby regulating associated gene expression. The specific underlying molecular mechanisms of CDR1as biology, however, remain largely unknown.

Structural Mechanism Analysis of Orderly and Efficient Vesicle Transport by High-Resolution Imaging and Fluorescence Tracking.

The orderly organelle interaction network is essential for normal biological activity of cells. However, the mechanism of orderly organelle interaction remains elusive. In this report, we analyzed the structure characteristics of the cell membrane, endocytic vesicles, and the Golgi membrane through a high-resolution imaging technique and further comprehensively investigated the vesicle-transport process via epidermal growth factor receptor endocytosis and a recycling pathway using a real-time fluorescence tracing method.

Shift in functional plant groups under flooding impacted ecosystem C and N dynamics across riparian zones in the Three Gorges of China.

Large water conservancy project can strongly alter the plant community composition, however, how these changes can potentially affect ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics is not fully understood. Here, we investigated natural C and N abundance of C and C plants and soil in different fractions [labile C (LC) and N (LN), recalcitrant C (RC) and N (RN)]from 6 sites with two elevations (flooding zone, 145-175 m, area with revegetation due to flooding, N = 6); and unflooding zone, >175 m with original plant as a control, N = 3) in riparian zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. The dominant species were the C plants in the upstream including Changshou (CS), Fuling (FL) and Zhongxian (ZX) and the C plants in the downstream in unflooding zone including Wanzhou (WZ) Badong (BD), and Zigui (ZG).

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Activities and Polyphenol Profile of Rhamnus prinoides.

Rhamnus prinoides L'Herit (R. prinoides) has long been widely consumed as folk medicine in Kenya and other Africa countries. Previous studies indicated that polyphenols were abundant in genus Rhamnus and exhibited outstanding antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Large-scale Identification and Time-course Quantification of Ubiquitylation Events During Maize Seedling De-etiolation.

The ubiquitin system is crucial for the development and fitness of higher plants. De-etiolation, during which green plants initiate photomorphogenesis and establish autotrophy, is a dramatic and complicated process that is tightly regulated by a massive number of ubiquitylation/de-ubiquitylation events. Here we present site-specific quantitative proteomic data for the ubiquitylomes of de-etiolating seedling leaves of Zea mays L.

Distribution characteristics of fungal communities with depth in paddy fields of three soil types in China.

Little is known about the distribution of fungal communities with soil depth on relatively large scales. In this study, typical paddy soils in three regions (Hailun, Changshu, and Yingtan) from north to south China were selected to investigate the vertical distribution (0-100 cm) of the fungal community by Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and to identify the main factors influencing the fungal community distribution. The results indicated that the structure of the soil fungal community changed significantly with region and soil depth.

Acts as a Positive Regulator in the Response of Poplar to Inoculation in Overexpressing Plants.

Numerous strains have been reported to be optimal biofertilizers and biocontrol agents with low production costs and environmentally friendly properties. spp. promote the growth and immunity of plants by multiple means.

Enhanced nitrate removal from surface water in a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor with a heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying fungus.

A heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying fungus was isolated from lake water and identified as Penicillium tropicum strain IS0293. The strain exhibited efficient heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification ability and could utilize ammonium, nitrite and nitrate as a sole nitrogen source. Batch tests demonstrated that strain IS0293 can remove nitrate using variety of organic carbon compounds as carbon sources.

GAI Functions in the Plant Response to Dehydration Stress in .

DELLA (GAI/RGA/RGL1/RGL2/RGL3) proteins are key negative regulators in GA (gibberellin) signaling and are involved in regulating plant growth as a response to environmental stresses. It has been shown that the DELLA protein PROCERA (PRO) in tomato promotes drought tolerance, but its molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we showed that the (gibberellin insensitive 1) mutant (generated from the - (L) allele (with a 17 amino acid deletion within the DELLA domain of GAI) by backcrossing - (L) with Col-0 three times), the gain-of-function mutant of GAI (GA INSENSITIVE) in , increases drought tolerance.

Metallic elements in human hair from residents in smelting districts in northeast China: Environmental factors and differences in ingestion media.

The health of residents in Huludao City is affected by the emissions of heavy metals from smelting, diet and atmospheric precipitation. This study investigated the concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in scalp hair samples from 259 residents of different ages and genders from five districts in Huludao City and examined the main factors for heavy metal exposure. Cd and Pb concentrations in hair samples exceeded the normal concentration ranges for human hair (Cd < 0.

Differences in root surface adsorption, root uptake, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of Cd between low- and high-Cd-accumulating wheat cultivars.

The differences in the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the grains of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars remain unclear. Thus, we conducted a hydroponic experiment in a greenhouse to compare root surface adsorption, root uptake, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of Cd between low- and high-Cd-accumulating wheat cultivars at seedling stage, to improve our understanding of the differences between cultivars.

Advances in MS Based Strategies for Probing Ligand-Target Interactions: Focus on Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometric Techniques.

The non-covalent interactions between small drug molecules and disease-related proteins (ligand-target interactions) mediate various pharmacological processes in the treatment of different diseases. The development of the analytical methods to assess those interactions, including binding sites, binding energies, stoichiometry and association-dissociation constants, could assist in clarifying the mechanisms of action, precise treatment of targeted diseases as well as the targeted drug discovery. For the last decades, mass spectrometry (MS) has been recognized as a powerful tool to study the non-covalent interactions of the ligand-target complexes with the characteristics of high sensitivity, high-resolution, and high-throughput.

Divergent Responses of Community Reproductive and Vegetative Phenology to Warming and Cooling: Asymmetry Versus Symmetry.

Few studies have focused on the response of plant community phenology to temperature change using manipulative experiments. A lack of understanding of whether responses of community reproductive and vegetative phenological sequences to warming and cooling are asymmetrical or symmetrical limits our capacity to predict responses under warming and cooling. A reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted for 3 years to evaluate response patterns of the temperature sensitivities of community phenological sequences to warming (transferred downward) and cooling (transferred upward) along four elevations on the Tibetan Plateau.

Pd(NHC)(cinnamyl)Cl-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of aryl sulfonates with arylboronic acids.

A series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-palladium catalysts have been synthesized and applied to catalyze the Suzuki coupling reaction efficiently between aryl sulfonates and arylboronic acids with the potassium phosphate heptahydrate as a base. The desired yields are obtained even with less reactive aryl tosylates or aryl mesylates as substrates. This method was applied successfully to the synthesis of the (R)-2-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-propan-1-ol which is the key intermediate of sacubitril, a component of the newly approved antihypertensive drug "Entresto.

Effect of soil pH and organic matter content on heavy metals availability in maize (Zea mays L.) rhizospheric soil of non-ferrous metals smelting area.

Maize plant tissues and rhizosphere soil were collected from an agricultural area around the Huludao Zinc Plant in Liaoning Province, China, to investigate the effects of soil pH and organic matter content on heavy metal concentration and accumulation in different types of maize tissues. The mean pH of the soil samples was 7.02 (range 5.

Chemical nature of electrochemical activation of carbon electrodes.

Electrochemical activation of carbonaceous electrodes is a common step in the preparation of high-performance electrochemical (bio-)sensors. The underlying mechanism has long been discussed but is, however, not yet fully understood. Here, we propose that electrochemical activation can produce graphene derivatives that largely enhance the electrochemical performance of carbonaceous electrodes using a carbon paste electrode or a carbon rod electrode as samples.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Crude Extracts of from Kenya and Their Correlations with Flavonoids.

Lam. () is commonly distributed and utilized in tropical and sub-tropical areas. There has been a large number of reports on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of its leaves, but only a few about its seeds and roots.

Synergistic effects of predation and parasites on the overwinter survival of root voles.

Predators and parasites have been important extrinsic factors influencing the fluctuation of small mammal populations. They can have non-additive effects on a shared group of preys or hosts, which can have important consequences for population dynamics. However, experimental studies incorporating the interactions between predation and parasites are scarce in small mammal populations.