Cytomegalovirus cavitary pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient.

Cavitary lung lesions are uncommon radiological findings in cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and tissue biopsy is rarely performed for diagnosis. A 67-year-old man presented with a wet cough. Extensive white moss in the oral cavity was found on physical examination, and chest computed tomography revealed an approximately 4 cm cavitary lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung.

MicroRNA-20a in extracellular vesicles derived from duodenal fluid is a possible biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high mortality rate owing to its late diagnosis and aggression. In addition, there are relatively few minimally invasive screening methods for the early detection of PDAC, making the identification of biomarkers for this disease a critical priority. Recent studies have reported that microRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EV-miRs) from bodily fluids can be useful for the diagnosis of PDACs.

Validation of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer risk stratification updated in the 2021 European Association of Urology guidelines.

Objective: The objective of this study is to validate the predictive ability of the 2021 European Association of Urology (EAU) risk model compared to that of existing risk models, including the 2019 EAU model and risk scoring tables of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Club Urologico Espanol de Tratamiento Oncologico, and Japanese Nishinihon Uro-oncology Extensive Collaboration Group.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective multi-institutional database study included two cohorts-3024 patients receiving intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment (BCG cohort) and 789 patients not receiving BCG treatment (non-BCG cohort). The Kaplan-Meier estimate and log-rank test were used to visualize and compare oncological survival outcomes after transurethral surgery among the risk groups.

A case of a transient phrenic nerve paralysis after resection of a giant lymphangioma evaluated by dynamic digital radiography.

Background: Lymphangioma is a relatively rare benign congenital malformation composed of dilated cystic lymphatic vessels; however, its occurrence in adults and manifestation as mediastinal lymphangioma are even rarer. In general, the incidence of mediastinal lymphangiomas has been reported to range from 0.01 to 4.

A case of schwannoma at the origin of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve resected under uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery.

Mediastinal neurogenic tumours are mostly derived from sympathetic nerves and intercostal nerves, and vagus nerve-derived schwannomas are rare. We encountered a tumour originating from the origin of the recurrent laryngeal nerve that was accompanied by the azygos lobe, which made it difficult to approach; it was ultimately able to be removed via uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery. This case involved a 63-year-old female patient.

Current Understanding of the Pivotal Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Diseases and Senescence.

The heart is dependent on ATP production in mitochondria, which is closely associated with cardiovascular disease because of the oxidative stress produced by mitochondria. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly change their morphology to elongated (fusion) or small and spherical (fission). These mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by various small GTPases, Drp1, Fis1, Mitofusin, and Opa1.

Association of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 With Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Impacts Mitochondrial Quality Control, Offering Promise for the Treatment of Vascular Senescence.

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes vascular senescence and atherosclerosis. It has been reported that ox-LDL scavenger receptor-1 (LOX-1) is associated with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). While mitochondria play a crucial role in the development of vascular senescence and atherosclerosis, they also undergo quality control through mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy.

A case of intradiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst with an abnormally high serum level of CA19-9.

Bronchogenic cysts that occur within the diaphragm are rare and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. We experienced the case of a patient with an abnormally high serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level before surgery. The diagnosis of intradiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst was made at the time of surgery.

Predictive Value of the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index for Cardiovascular Events in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk.

Background Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events; however, indexes for measuring arterial stiffness have not been widely incorporated into routine clinical practice. This study aimed to determine whether the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), based on the blood pressure-independent stiffness parameter β and reflecting arterial stiffness from the origin of the ascending aorta, is a good predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a large prospective cohort. Methods and Results This multicenter prospective cohort study, commencing in May 2013, with a 5-year follow-up period, included patients (aged 40‒74 years) with cardiovascular disease risks.

Estrogen Plays a Crucial Role in Rab9-Dependent Mitochondrial Autophagy, Delaying Arterial Senescence.

Background The risk of cardiovascular disease is known to increase after menopause. Mitochondria, which undergo quality control via mitochondrial autophagy, play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular senescence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of estrogen-mediated protection from senescence on arteries is attributed to the induction of mitochondrial autophagy.

Effect of bevacizumab on brain radiation necrosis in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive lung cancer.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases from anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lung cancer often results in failure of ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Patients with uncontrolled CNS metastases receive radiation therapy, which sometimes causes brain radiation necrosis. We added bevacizumab (15 mg/kg, every 3-4 weeks) to the regimen of four ALK-positive lung cancer patients with brain radiation necrosis who were receiving ALK-TKI therapy.

Thymidine phosphorylase in cancer aggressiveness and chemoresistance.

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a rate-limiting enzyme in thymidine catabolism. TP has several important roles in biological and pharmacological mechanisms; importantly TP acts as an angiogenic factor and one of metabolic enzymes of fluoro-pyrimidine anticancer agents and modifies inflammation. Improving our understanding of the characteristics and functions of TP has led to the development of novel TP-based anticancer therapies.

Intraoperative evaluation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte during second-stage revision surgery promote overdiagnosis of persistent periprosthetic joint infection.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intraoperative histopathological examination could predict the risk of relapse of infection in periprosthetic joint infections (PJI).

Methods: The study included 25 patients (14 women and 11 men, with a mean age of 67.0 years (range, 37-83 years)), who had two-staged revision surgery for a PJI.

[A Case of Fournier's Gangrene Due to Perforation of Lower Rectal Cancer during Chemotherapy].

Fournier's gangrene is a rapidly progressing bacterial infection, involving the subcutaneous and deep fascia. Although intestinal perforation after treatment with bevacizumab is well known, Fournier's gangrene rarely occurs during chemotherapy. A 73-year-old man with unresectable rectal cancer during chemotherapy involving the mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab regimen had a consciousness disorder and was admitted to our hospital on emergency.

Surgical treatment for the excluded bile leakage from Spiegel lobe after right hemihepatectomy: A case report.

Inroduction: The treatments of excluded bile duct leakage after hepatectomy are not easy and various strategies have been reported, such as surgery, ethanol or fibrin glue injection, and portal vein embolization.

Presentation Of Case: A 72-year-old man with a surgical history of laparoscopic ileocecal resection for diverticular bleeding was diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma. Right hemihepatectomy was performed, and computed tomography examination on postoperative day 9 showed abdominal fluid collection in the right subphrenic space.

Pharmacotherapy for pediatric chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: Nationwide survey in Japan.

Background: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare disabling and life-threatening disorder characterized by severe impairment of gastrointestinal peristalsis. While a number of pharmacotherapeutics have been developed, only a few trials have been carried out for improvement of the pathological condition of CIPO patients. This report describes the results of a nationwide survey on the pharmacotherapy used in pediatric CIPO in Japan.

Expression of Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) Correlates to Malignant Potentials in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is categorized as a member of AMP-activated protein kinase families. Various MELK-associated cellular and biological processes affect multiple stages of tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between MELK expression and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinicopathological features.

The Evaluation of Liver Function and Surgical Influence by ICGR15 after Chemotherapy for Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background; Approximately 60% of patients with colorectal cancer develop liver metastasis at some point after diagnosis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the evaluation of ICGR15 preoperatively is a useful clinical indicator of hepatic injury following chemotherapy and to investigate the influence of multiple chemotherapies on liver function. Results; Mean ICGR15 values were higher in patients ≥65 years (P = 0.

Problems of Long Survival Following Surgery in Patients with NonBNonC-HCC: Comparison with HBV and HCV Related-HCC.

Background: The number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the absence of both hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb) (NBNC-HCC) has been rapidly increasing in Japan. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and pathological characteristics between patients with the NBNC-HCC, those with HBsAg positive HCC (B-related HCC) and HCVAb positive HCC (C-related HCC). A better understanding will facilitate the development of postoperative strategies to better manage patients with NBNC-HCC.

Reduction of MLH1 and PMS2 confers temozolomide resistance and is associated with recurrence of glioblastoma.

Although there is a relationship between DNA repair deficiency and temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GBM), it remains unclear which molecule is associated with GBM recurrence. We isolated three TMZ-resistant human GBM cell lines and examined the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and mismatch repair (MMR) components. We used immunohistochemical analysis to compare MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2) and MGMT expression in primary and recurrent GBM specimens obtained from GBM patients during TMZ treatment.