Determination of relationship between foot arch, hindfoot, and hallux motion using Oxford foot model: Comparison between walking and running.

Background: The foot arch plays an important role in propulsion and shock absorption during walking and running; however, the relationship among the foot arch, metatarsal locking theory, and nature of the windlass mechanism (WM) remain unclear.

Research Question: What are the differences in the kinematic relationship between the foot arch, hindfoot, and hallux during walking and running?

Methods: Relative angles within the foot were measured in 18 healthy men using the Oxford foot model (OFM). Data for barefoot walking at a comfortable speed and rearfoot running at 2.

Treadmill Exercise after Controlled Abnormal Joint Movement Inhibits Cartilage Degeneration and Synovitis.

Cartilage degeneration is the main pathological component of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but no effective treatment for its control exists. Although exercise can inhibit OA, the abnormal joint movement with knee OA must be managed to perform exercise. Our aims were to determine how controlling abnormal joint movement and treadmill exercise can suppress cartilage degeneration, to analyze the tissues surrounding articular cartilage, and to clarify the effect of treatment.

The effects of trunk endurance training on running kinematics and its variability in novice female runners.

The functional importance of trunk muscle strength for running movement is widely recognised, but the kinematic effects of undertaking specific training are unclear. This study investigated the change in joint angle and its variability during running following trunk muscle training. Eighteen young female and novice runners participated.

Effect of Various Types of Muscle Contraction with Different Running Conditions on Mouse Humerus Morphology.

How various types of muscle contraction during exercises affect bone formation remains unclear. This study aimed to determine how exercises with different muscle contraction types affect bone morphology. In total, 20 mice were used and divided into four groups: Control, Level, Down Slow, and Down.

Influence of the site of injury on the spontaneous healing response in a rat model of total rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Aim: The healing ability of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is very poor; however, it has recently been shown to undergo self-healing with conservative treatments. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the site of injury on the healing process after complete transverse tear of ACL using a rat model.

Materials And Methods: A total of 58 skeletally mature Wistar rats were randomly assigned to various ACL injury groups: controlled abnormal movement-mid-portion (CAM-MP), controlled abnormal movement-femoral side (CAM-FS), ACL transection-mid-portion (ACLT-MP), or ACL transection-femoral side (ACLT-FS) injury groups.

Coffee consumption and mortality in Japan with 18 years of follow-up: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.

Objective: Coffee consumption can be expected to reduce mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This study tested the hypothesis of an inverse association between coffee intake and all-cause mortality and mortality due to cancer, coronary heart disease, or stroke.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Hemoglobin Concentration and the Incidence of Stroke in the General Japanese Population: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.

Background: Several studies have described an association between hemoglobin concentration and stroke; however, the influence of hemoglobin on stroke incidence has not been fully revealed. Our objective was to elucidate the association between hemoglobin concentration and stroke incidence in Japanese community residents.

Methods: In the present study, we collected the data of 12,490 subjects who were enrolled between April 1992 and July 1995 in the Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study.

Effects of exercise therapy on joint instability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A systematic review.

Objective: Abnormal load stress caused by joint instability has been reported to be one of the factors responsible for the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of exercise therapy for patients with knee instability-induced OA, and there are no specific treatment guidelines or effects for this form of OA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise treatments for joint instability in patients with knee OA by a systematic review.

Evaluation of the Validity, Reliability, and Kinematic Characteristics of Multi-Segment Foot Models in Motion Capture.

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of our new multi-segment foot model by measuring a dummy foot, and examine the kinematic characteristics of our new multi-segment foot model by measuring the living body. Using our new model and the Rizzoli model, we conducted two experiments with a dummy foot that was moved within a range from -90 to 90 degrees in all planes; for the living body, 24 participants performed calf raises, gait, and drop jumps. Most three-dimensional (3D) rotation angles calculated according to our new models were strongly positively correlated with true values ( > 0.

Impact of Controlling Abnormal Joint Movement on the Effectiveness of Subsequent Exercise Intervention in Mouse Models of Early Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective: Moderate mechanical stress is necessary for preserving the cartilage. The clinician empirically understands that prescribing only exercise will progress osteoarthritis (OA) for knee OA patients with abnormal joint movement. When prescribing exercise for OA, we hypothesized that degeneration of articular cartilage could be further prevented by combining interventions with the viewpoint of normalizing joint movement.

Altered sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics during sit-to-stand in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression is associated with an increase in peak external knee flexion torque (EKFT) during gait. However, the difference in the peak EKFT between individuals with knee OA and age-matched subjects was unclear. Therefore, to understand the kinematics, kinetics, and electromyogram characteristics in individuals with knee OA, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of sagittal plane-dominant sit-to-stand (STS) motion.

Controlling joint instability after anterior cruciate ligament transection inhibits transforming growth factor-beta-mediated osteophyte formation.

Objective: Abnormal joint instability contributes to cartilage damage and osteophyte formation. We investigated whether controlling joint instability inhibited chronic synovial membrane inflammation and delayed osteophyte formation and examined the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in the associated mechanism.

Design: Rats (n = 94) underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection.

Robot-Assisted Eccentric Contraction Training of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle Based on Position and Force Sensing.

The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effects of a training robot that induced eccentric tibialis anterior muscle contraction by controlling the strength and speed. The speed and the strength are controlled simultaneously by introducing robot training with two different feedbacks: velocity feedback in the robot controller and force bio-feedback based on force visualization. By performing quantitative eccentric contraction training, it is expected that the fall risk reduces owing to the improved muscle function.

Effects of Controlling Abnormal Joint Movement on Expression of MMP13 and TIMP-1 in Osteoarthritis.

Objective: Abnormal joint movement is associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Previous studies using the controlling abnormal joint movement (CAJM) model of OA reported delayed cartilage degeneration; however, none of them focused on gait performance and the localization of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in chondrocytes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of controlling abnormal joint movement on gait performance and the localization of MMP13 and TIMP-1, using kinematic and histological analyses.

Muscle synergies underlying sit-to-stand tasks in elderly people and their relationship with kinetic characteristics.

Background: Physiological evidence suggests that the nervous system controls motion by using a low-dimensional synergy organization for muscle activation. Because the muscle activation produces joint torques, kinetic changes accompanying aging can be related to changes in muscle synergies.

Objectives: We explored the effects of aging on muscle synergies underlying sit-to-stand tasks, and examined their relationships with kinetic characteristics.

Controlling Abnormal Joint Movement Inhibits Response of Osteophyte Formation.

Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is induced by accumulated mechanical stress to joints; however, little has been reported regarding the cause among detailed mechanical stress on cartilage degeneration. This study investigated the influence of the control of abnormal joint movement induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the articular cartilage. Design The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups: CAJM group ( n = 22: controlling abnormal joint movement), ACL-T group ( n = 22: ACL transection or knee anterior instability increased), and INTACT group ( n = 12: no surgery).

Body Mass Index and Incidence of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Japanese Community Residents: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.

Background: Whereas high body mass index (BMI) is reportedly a risk factor for cardiovascular events in Western countries, low BMI has been reported as a risk factor for cardiovascular death in Asia, including Japan. Although subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a highly fatal disease and common cause of disability, few cohort studies have examined the associations between BMI and SAH in Japan. This study investigated the associations between BMI and incidence of SAH using prospective data from Japanese community residents.

Body mass index and stroke incidence in Japanese community residents: The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study.

Background: High body mass index (BMI) has been reported as a risk factor for cardiovascular events in Western countries, while low BMI has been reported as a risk factor for cardiovascular death in Asian countries, including Japan. Although stroke is a major cause of death and disability in Japan, few cohort studies have examined the association between BMI and stroke incidence in Japan. This study aimed to examine the association between BMI and stroke incidence using prospective data from Japanese community residents.

Controlling joint instability delays the degeneration of articular cartilage in a rat model.

Objective: Joint instability induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection is commonly considered as a predisposing factor for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee; however, the influence of re-stabilization on the protection of articular cartilage is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of joint re-stabilization on articular cartilage using an instability and re-stabilization ACL transection model.

Design: To induce different models of joint instability, our laboratory created a controlled abnormal joint movement (CAJM) group and an anterior cruciate ligament transection group (ACL-T).

Coffee Consumption and Incidence of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.

Background: Previous studies on the association between coffee consumption and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have provided inconsistent results. We examine the risk of SAH from coffee consumption in a Japanese population.

Methods: Our analyses were based on the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study, a large-scale population-based prospective cohort study.