Modified oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation (OAMBP) versus conventional OAMBP for sigmoid colon and rectal surgery: A multicenter randomized non-inferiority trial.

Aim: To evaluate whether the use of a laxative with reduced patient burden in oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation (OAMBP) could prevent surgical site infection (SSI) in left-sided colon and rectal cancers.

Methods: This multicenter, non-blinded, randomized, non-inferiority trial included patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery for colorectal cancer in a university and community hospital in Japan from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2023. We compared conventional OAMBP (polyethylene glycol, metronidazole, and kanamycin) (cOAMBP group) with modified OAMBP (sodium picosulfate hydrate, metronidazole, and kanamycin) (mOAMBP group).

The association of the medial meniscus covering ratio with knee cartilage thickness at 15 medial compartment subregions as found by three-dimensional analysis using MRI.

Purpose: The correlation of cartilage thickness measured by three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the medial meniscal coverage ratio (MMCR), which presented pathology of the medial meniscus extrusion (MME) in 3D MRI, has not yet been elucidated. The study's purpose was to retrospectively verify whether the average cartilage thickness calculated by the automatic MRI 3D analysis system for each subregion was correlated with MMCR.

Methods: A total of 60 patients underwent medial meniscus repair or high tibial osteotomy to treat their medial knee osteoarthritis.

Durable response to nivolumab rechallenge in a patient with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: While immune checkpoint inhibitors represent the mainstream treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a standardized approach following immune checkpoint inhibitors remains unclear. We report a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab rechallenge.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old male with metastatic melanoma was referred to the urology division due to right renal cancer.

Treatment readiness and prognosis for problematic smartphone use: Evaluation of the Stages of Change, Readiness, and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) and log data.

Aim: While moderate smartphone use contributes to information gathering and relationship building, excessive smartphone use, also referred to as problematic smartphone use (PSU), has raised concerns because of its addictive nature and associated health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between treatment readiness and prognosis in individuals with PSU and to assess the predictive ability of smartphone log data in evaluating treatment readiness.

Methods: A sample of 47 patients with PSU participated in this study.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) subcategories are affected by subjective running ability and medial single-leg hop distance in postreconstruction patients at 6 months.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between physical function factors and each subcategory score of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale among patients following ACL reconstruction.

Methods: Participants comprised 59 patients who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon. The ACL-RSI was completed 6 months after reconstruction and five physical functions were measured in patients on the same day.

Free-flap volume correlates with body mass index in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative reconstructed tongue flap volume (RTFV) and body mass index (BMI) and identify factors affecting the flap volume in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Thirty-two patients were evaluated for RTFV from computed tomography images and BMI. The first and second evaluations were done at 6 months and 1.

Colon perforation due to collagenous colitis: A case report.

Collagenous colitis (CC) is generally benign, and serious complications are rare. It is important to note that spontaneous perforation of CC is a possible complication. In the case of colon perforation of unknown origin, CC should be considered.

Usefulness of a newly developed endoscope for the observation of the posterior tracheal wall.

Objective: Videoendoscopic evaluation of swallowing is an objective swallowing function evaluation method used in dysphagia rehabilitation. However, it is anatomically difficult to detect the entry of foreign substances through the posterior tracheal wall using a conventional endoscope (CE). In this study, we developed an endoscope that can observe the posterior tracheal wall and investigated its reliability and validity in healthy adults.

Improvement in persistent idiopathic facial pain with comorbid ADHD using the combination of a dopamine system stabilizer and psychostimulant: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may coexist and can be improved with ADHD medications. Thus, clinicians should screen for ADHD by a multidisciplinary approach when treating PIFP and differentiate between other odontogenic disorders.

Abstract: We report a case of a woman with persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that markedly improved with the administration of a combination of aripiprazole (APZ) and methylphenidate (MP) treatment.

Apple-shaped obesity: A risky soil for cytokine-accelerated severity in COVID-19.

Obesity has been recognized as one of the most significant risk factors for the deterioration and mortality associated with COVID-19, but the significance of obesity itself differs among ethnicity. Multifactored analysis of our single institute-based retrospective cohort revealed that high visceral adipose tissue (VAT) burden, but not other obesity-associated markers, was related to accelerated inflammatory responses and the mortality of Japanese COVID-19 patients. To elucidate the mechanisms how VAT-dominant obesity induces severe inflammation after severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we infected two different strains of obese mice, C57BL/6JHamSlc-ob/ob (ob/ob), C57BLKS/J-db/db (db/db), genetically impaired in the leptin ligand and receptor, respectively, and control C57BL/6 mice with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2.

Prophylactic effect of negative-pressure wound therapy and delayed sutures against incisional-surgical site infection after emergency laparotomy for colorectal perforation: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Aim: The prophylactic effect of negative-pressure wound therapy against incisional surgical site infection after highly contaminated laparotomies has not been sufficiently explored. This study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of negative-pressure wound therapy against incisional surgical site infection after emergency surgery for colorectal perforation.

Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the 48 emergency hospitals certificated by the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine.

Imitation encourages empathic capacity toward other individuals with physical disabilities.

Many people have difficulty empathizing with others who have dissimilar characteristics, such as physical disabilities. We hypothesized that people with no disabilities imitating the movements of individuals with disabilities could improve the empathic capacity toward their difficulties. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the neural activity patterns of 26 healthy participants while they felt the difficulties of individuals with hemiplegia by adopting their perspective.

Constrictive pericarditis 20 years after surgical aortic valve replacement.

Catheterization of the right side of the heart shows an elevated right ventricular pressure, a prominent "y" descent, known as Friedreich's sign, and a dip-and-plateau configuration.

Perception and handling of breastmilk by childcare staff: A qualitative study of childcare facilities in Japan.

Background: Breastfeeding in infancy has immunological and nutritional benefits. The actual status of breastfeeding in childcare facilities is unclear. However, it is expected to vary in every facility and region.

An infant with X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency presenting with pneumonia: A case report.

pneumonia associated with primary immunodeficiency should be considered in infants with slowly progressing cyanosis, even without fever or respiratory symptoms. Genetic counseling is crucial for incontinentia pigmenti families in advance of pregnancy because lethal infections can occur before the diagnosis of X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency.

Relationship between medical students' career priority and specialty choice: A nationwide multicenter survey.

Background: The shortage of physicians in several specialties has been brought to public attention in several countries. However, little is known about factors affecting medical students' specialty choice. The objectives of our study were to illustrate medical students' career priority clusters and to assess their association with specialty preference.

Optimal use of biologics with endoscopic balloon dilatation for repeated intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease.

Background And Aim: Intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease (CD) have a high rate of repeated surgery. As alternatives to surgery, endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD), immunomodulators (IMs), and antitumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) have been proposed. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the combined therapy with anti-TNFα and EBD in preventing intestinal stricture recurrence and surgery in patients with CD.

Developing and implementing a faculty development curriculum for Japanese family medicine residency faculty.

Background: Despite the increase in family medicine residency in Japan, there are only a few structured faculty development (FD) programs. The objective of this project was to construct a consensus on core competencies of faculty to develop a faculty development curriculum in a Japanese family medicine context.

Methods: In 2015, a private FD initiative in the Mie University initiated a curriculum development in collaboration with FD fellowship at the University of Pittsburgh.

Identifying the learning objectives of clinical clerkship in community health in Japan: Focus group.

Background: The value of medical education in the community has been increasingly and globally recognized. In 2015, the World Federation for Medical Education emphasized the importance of medical education in various settings in their standard. Similarly, in Japan, the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education in Japan (MCCMEJ) is revised in 2016.

Eruption disturbance caused by an odontoma that was partially attached to the crown of the adjacent maxillary first molar, and step lesion excavation for the tooth preservation: A case report.

Despite the partial attachment of a complex odontoma to an impacted tooth, it is possible to guide the tooth to erupt normally and preserve it by step lesion excavation and the prevention of infection.