Improving the activity of Mn/TiO catalysts through control of the pH and valence state of Mn during their preparation.

In this study, the authors investigated the influence of the valence state of Mn on the efficacy of selective catalytic reduction using a Mn-based catalyst. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) conversion rate of the catalyst was found to be dependent on the type of TiO2 support employed and on the temperature, as the catalyst showed an excellent conversion of > 80% at a space velocity of 60,000 hr(-1) when the temperature was above 200 degrees C. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed that catalyst displaying the highest activity contained the Mn4+ species and that its valence state was highly dependent on the pH during the catalyst preparation.

Physicochemical properties of chars at different treatment temperatures.

In this study, the physicochemical properties of the char of Indonesian SM coal following heat treatment at various temperatures were evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and morphological and specific surface area analysis. Based on these analyses, heat treatment of coal was determined to be the most effective in increasing the coal rank. In the XPS analysis, the C-O and C-O-C groups and quaternary-N species were found to be of a lower grade coal when the pretreatment temperature decreased, meanwhile the C-C group and pyridinic species increased.

A study on the reaction characteristics of vanadium-impregnated natural manganese oxide in ammonia selective catalytic reduction.

This study investigated the effect of adding vanadium (V) to natural manganese oxide (NMO) in ammonia (NH3) selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The addition of V to NMO decreased the catalytic activity at low temperatures by blocking the active site. However, the enhancement of catalytic activity was achieved by controlling NH3 oxidation at high temperatures.

Characteristics of fundamental combustion and NOx emission using various rank coals.

Eight types of coals of different rank were selected and their fundamental combustion characteristics were examined along with the conversion of volatile nitrogen (N) to nitrogen oxides (NOx)/fuel N to NOx. The activation energy, onset temperature, and burnout temperature were obtained from the differential thermogravimetry curve and Arrhenius plot, which were derived through thermo-gravimetric analysis. In addition, to derive the combustion of volatile N to NOx/fuel N to NOx, the coal sample, which was pretreated at various temperatures, was burned, and the results were compared with previously derived fundamental combustion characteristics.

Acinetobacter kyonggiensis sp. nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium, isolated from sewage treatment plant.

A Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium, designated KSL5401-037(T), was isolated from a sewage treatment plant in Gwangju in the Republic of Korea and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KSL5401-037(T) belonged to the genus Acinetobacter in the family Moraxellaceae of the Gammaproteobacteria (Brisou and Prevot, 1954). According to a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was closely related to Acinetobacter johnsonii ATCC 17909(T) (97.

Amnibacterium kyonggiense gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Microbacteriaceae.

A Gram-positive, non-motile bacterium, designated KSL51201-037(T), was isolated from Anyang stream, Republic of Korea, and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KSL51201-037(T) belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae of the class Actinobacteria and exhibited 96.9 % gene sequence similarity to Labedella gwakjiensis KSW2-17(T), 96.