C-metabolic flux analysis of respiratory chain disrupted strain ΔndhF1 of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Cyanobacteria are advantageous hosts for industrial applications toward achieving sustainable society due to their unique and superior properties such as atmospheric CO fixation via photosynthesis. However, cyanobacterial productivities tend to be weak compared to heterotrophic microbes. To enhance them, it is necessary to understand the fundamental metabolic mechanisms unique to cyanobacteria.

Swarm navigation of cyborg-insects in unknown obstructed soft terrain.

Cyborg insects refer to hybrid robots that integrate living insects with miniature electronic controllers to enable robotic-like programmable control. These creatures exhibit advantages over conventional robots in adaption to complex terrain and sustained energy efficiency. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature on the control of multi-cyborg systems.

Thermodynamic Concentration Inequalities and Trade-Off Relations.

Thermodynamic tradeoff relations quantify the fundamental concept of "no free lunch" in the physical world, suggesting that faster and more precise physical processes come at a higher thermodynamic cost. The key elements in these trade-off relations are the thermodynamic uncertainty relation and speed limit, which are closely tied to information inequalities from which other trade-off relations are derived. Concentration inequalities are relations that complement information inequalities in statistical analyses and have been widely used in various fields.

High-performance solid-state electrochemical thermal switches with earth-abundant cerium oxide.

Thermal switches, which electrically turn heat flow on and off, have attracted attention as thermal management devices. Electrochemical reduction/oxidation switches the thermal conductivity (κ) of active metal oxide films. The performance of the previously proposed electrochemical thermal switches is low; the on/off κ-ratio is mostly less than 5, and the κ-switching width is less than 5 watts per meter kelvin.

Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Fluorescent-Magnetic Platinum Nanoclusters.

There is great interest in the development of new multifunctional fluorescent-magnetic nanomaterials for use as multimodal diagnostic imaging probes and site-specific drug delivery tools. Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have been reported to possess either fluorescent or magnetic properties, but not both. In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of multifunctional fluorescent-magnetic Pt NCs.

Evidence that transverse variability of critical current density can greatly mitigate screening current stress in high field REBCO magnets.

Plastic damage of REBCO (REBaCuO, where RE=rare earth) coated conductors by screening current stress (SCS) is a significant concern for ultra-high-field superconducting magnets. Indeed, the third Little Big Coil (LBC3), a REBCO magnet that generated a record, high field of 45.5 T, showed wavy plastic damage produced by excess SCS in all pancakes except two made with single-slit conductors having their slit edges pointing inward towards the magnet center.

Gene Fusion Detection in Long-Read Transcriptome Datasets from Multiple Cancer Cell Lines.

Background: Fusion genes are important biomarkers in cancer research because their expression can produce abnormal proteins with oncogenic properties. Long-read RNA sequencing (long-read RNA-seq), which can sequence full-length mRNA transcripts, facilitates the detection of such fusion genes. Several tools have been proposed for detecting fusion genes in long-read RNA-seq datasets derived from cancer cells.

Motion analysis for objective evaluation of psychomotor skills in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Background: This study aims to digitalize surgical maneuvers in ESS using a motion capture system under standardized conditions provided by 3D printed-sinus models.

Methodology: Forty-seven otolaryngologists performed ESS on 3D printed models manufactured from computed tomography (CT) images of actual patients. Participants were classified to 3 groups according to the objective structured technical skills assessment score.

Amplitude modulation structure in French and German poetry: universal acoustic physical structures underpin different poetic rhythm structures.

French and German poetry are classically considered to utilize fundamentally different linguistic structures to create rhythmic regularity. Their metrical rhythm structures are considered poetically to be very different. However, the biophysical and neurophysiological constraints upon the speakers of these poems are highly similar.

Interoceptive Brain Processing Influences Moral Decision Making.

Not harming others is widely regarded as a fundamental tenet of human morality. Harm aversion based on the consequences of an action is called utilitarianism while focusing on the action itself is associated with deontology. This study investigated how interoceptive processing affects the neural processing of utilitarian and deontological moral decision-making.

Multiple-agent promotion in a grocery store: effects of modality and variability of agents on customer memory.

The use of social robots for product advertising is becoming prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that social robots can positively impact sales recommendations. However, the essential question of "how effectively customers remember the advertised content" remains unexplored.

Control of Tissue Strain Is Essential for Enhanced Dermal Innervation in the Three-Dimensional Skin Engineering.

Engineered skin models with sensory innervation are a growing and challenging field of research aimed at applications in regenerative medicine, biosensing, and drug screening. Researchers are attempting to fabricate innervated skin tissues using collagen sponges, cell culture inserts, and microfluidic devices to partially mimic the layered structure of the skin. However, innervation of the full-thickness skin model has not yet been achieved.

Surgical skill analysis focused on tissue traction in laparoscopic wet lab training.

Background: Tissue handling is one of the pivotal parts of surgical procedures. We aimed to elucidate the characteristics of experts' left-hand during laparoscopic tissue dissection.

Methods: Participants performed tissue dissection around the porcine aorta.

Deep generative abnormal lesion emphasization validated by nine radiologists and 1000 chest X-rays with lung nodules.

A general-purpose method of emphasizing abnormal lesions in chest radiographs, named EGGPALE (Extrapolative, Generative and General-Purpose Abnormal Lesion Emphasizer), is presented. The proposed EGGPALE method is composed of a flow-based generative model and L-infinity-distance-based extrapolation in a latent space. The flow-based model is trained using only normal chest radiographs, and an invertible mapping function from the image space to the latent space is determined.

Calibrating position and orientation of multiple ultrasound phased array units using Bayesian optimization.

Airborne ultrasound phased arrays (AUPAs) generate non-contact tactile sensations and enable acoustic levitation with specific focus fields. Using multiple units together offers numerous advantages, such as increased stimulus intensity and the ability to overcome occlusion. The AUPA units are typically mounted on a fixed frame, with their poses manually measured using tools such as a ruler for calibration.

Protocol to visualize a bodily map of musical uncertainty and prediction.

Music deeply influences our bodies as well as minds. Here, we present a protocol to visualize a bodily sensation map elicited by music perception using body-mapping tests and emotional evaluations. We describe steps for setting the body-map test and musical stimuli based on prediction.

A deep learning approach to predict differentiation outcomes in hypothalamic-pituitary organoids.

We use three-dimensional culture systems of human pluripotent stem cells for differentiation into pituitary organoids. Three-dimensional culture is inherently characterized by its ability to induce heterogeneous cell populations, making it difficult to maintain constant differentiation efficiency. That is why the culture process involves empirical aspects.

Evaluating correlations between reading ability and psychophysical measurements of dynamic visual information processing in Japanese adults.

The reading ability of English readers has been shown to correlate with psychophysical measurements of dynamic visual information processing. This study investigated the relationship between reading ability and dynamic visual information processing in healthy adult native Japanese readers (n = 46). Reading ability was assessed using three different tests: the Japanese Adult Reading Test (JART), transposed-letter detection task, and oral reading.

A Precise and Scalable Indoor Positioning System Using Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation.

User location has emerged as a pivotal factor in human-centered environments, driving applications like tracking, navigation, healthcare, and emergency response that align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, accurate indoor localization remains challenging due to the limitations of GPS in indoor settings, where signal interference and reflections disrupt satellite connections. While Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) methods are commonly employed, they are affected by environmental noise, multipath fading, and signal interference.

Novel integrated multiomics analysis reveals a key role for integrin beta-like 1 in wound scarring.

Exacerbation of scarring can originate from a minority fibroblast population that has undergone inflammatory-mediated genetic changes within the wound microenvironment. The fundamental relationship between molecular and spatial organization of the repair process at the single-cell level remains unclear. We have developed a novel, high-resolution spatial multiomics method that integrates spatial transcriptomics with scRNA-Seq; we identified new characteristic features of cell-cell communication and signaling during the repair process.

Data Processing of Product Ion Spectra: Methods to Control False Discovery Rate in Compound Search Results for Untargeted Metabolomics.

Several database search methods have been employed in untargeted metabolomics utilizing high-resolution mass spectrometry to comprehensively annotate acquired product ion spectra. Recent technical advancements in analyses have facilitated the sorting of the degree of coincidence between a query product ion spectrum, and the molecular structures in the database. However, certain search results may be false positives, necessitating a method for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR).

Ultrasensitive and Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Laser-Induced Graphene With ZnO Nanoparticles.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has attracted considerable attention for its use in flexible and stretchable sensors, owing to its electrical/mechanical properties and scalable fabrication processes. Although laser scanning facilitates the formation of LIG and its strain sensor, the strain-sensing sensitivity enhancement of LIG remains limited by the material's properties and structural design. In this study, we demonstrate a substantial improvement in sensitivity that was achieved by fabricating a LIG using ZnO nanoparticle (NP)-assisted photothermal enhancement.

Enhancing prediction of human traits and behaviors through ensemble learning of traditional and novel resting-state fMRI connectivity analyses.

Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience have focused on using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) data from fMRI scans to more accurately predict human traits and behaviors. Traditional approaches generally analyze RSFC by correlating averaged time-series data across regions of interest (ROIs) or networks, which may overlook important spatial signal patterns. To address this limitation, we introduced a novel linear regression technique that estimates RSFC by predicting spatial brain activity patterns in a target ROI from those in a seed ROI.