Participation factors in a self-quantification program for family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults with long-term care in Japan.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the characteristics of participation in the self-quantification program for family caregivers (CGs) who provide long-term care to community-dwelling older adults. The family CGs, allocated based on the percentage of the nation's older population who needed care and met the inclusion criteria, who provided caregiving at least once a week for those aged 65 + and who were certified as needing care under the Japanese long-term care insurance program, were collected through online monitors. We compared the characteristics of the program participants and nonparticipants using logistic regression.

Knock-knee diagnosis in Chinese adolescents: Expert evaluation and defensive strategies in image analysis - A population study.

Background: Knock-knee, a prevalent postural deformity problem among adolescents, poses significant challenges to traditional diagnostic methods in terms of complexity, high cost, and radiation risk. Therefore, there is a demand for diagnostic techniques that are more accessible, safe, and non-invasive for knock-knee.

Methods: We collected 1519 clear whole-body images from 1689 Chinese adolescents aged 10-19 years as image data, and obtained expert annotations on the presence or absence of knock-knee from three orthopedic surgeons.

Segmentation of the general public according to differences in knowledge and beliefs about radiation-cluster analysis by attitude, knowledge, belief and anxiety.

Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, public behaviors have been marked by excessive avoidance and stigma, driven by fear and uncertainty regarding radiation exposure and its health implications. Despite extensive media dissemination of information on radiation, the precise nature of the public's knowledge, beliefs and the resultant behavioral responses remain unclear. This study aimed to segment the population based on their attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and anxiety levels about radiation, correlating these factors with their cognitive and behavioral responses to radiation exposure.

Metacognition in nonhuman primates: a review of current knowledge.

Metacognition, the ability to monitor and control one's own cognitive processes, has long been considered a hallmark of human cognition. However, two decades of research have provided compelling evidence of metacognitive-like abilities in some nonhuman primates. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the subject, highlighting key experimental paradigms and empirical findings, with an emphasis on the latest studies.

Marital Status as a Moderator: Exploring the Relationship between Social Engagement and Depressive Symptoms in China's Older Adult Population.

Objective: This study aims to explore the complex relationship between social engagement and depressive symptoms among older adults in China, focusing particularly on the moderating role of marital status.

Methods: This study used data from the latest Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The analysis used the latent class analysis to delineate personality clusters and hierarchical linear regression, supplemented by the PROCESS macro, to investigate the effects of social engagement and marital status on depressive symptoms.

Face-Looking as a Real-Time Process in Mind-Mindedness: Timely Coordination Between Mothers' Gaze on Infants' Faces and Mind-Related Comments.

Maternal mind-mindedness refers to a caregiver's tendency to respond to their infants as individuals with their own thoughts, feelings, desires, and beliefs. Although previous studies have focused on maternal speech in quantifying mind-mindedness, maternal mind-mindedness should manifest not only as mind-related comments but also through non-verbal behaviors during infant-mother interactions. In this study, we investigated the relationship between maternal gaze at the infant's face and typical verbal measurement of mind-mindedness in free-flowing interactions.

Progression and risk factors of hallux valgus angle in elite adolescent dancers: a cohort study.

Introduction: To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have linked the progression of hallux valgus (HV) with plantar pressure distribution. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the progression of HV angle in elite adolescent dancers and evaluate the risk factors associated with foot plantar pressure during demi-pointe movement.

Methods: For this cohort study, 40 adolescent dancesport dancers (age: 14.

Auditory mismatch negativity is larger during exhalation than inhalation.

Background: Previous research has shown that internal signals from the body can modulate the processing of external stimuli. This study investigated whether respiratory phases influence auditory deviance detection by recording mismatch negativity (MMN) responses of event-related brain potentials.

Methods: By reanalyzing the data from a previous study examining the effect of cardiac phases on MMN (Li et al, 2024), we calculated the amplitude of MMN elicited by intensity-deviant stimuli separately for inhalation and exhalation phases in the participants (N = 37).

Oxytocin Receptor Polymorphism Is Associated With Sleep Apnea Symptoms.

Context: Oxytocin supplementation improves obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and animal studies suggest involvement of oxytocin in respiratory control. However, the relationship between endogenous oxytocin signaling and human sleep status remains undetermined.

Objective: In this study, we approached the contribution of the intrinsic oxytocin-oxytocin receptor (OXTR) system to OSA by genetic association analysis.

Infants' Social Evaluation of Helpers and Hinderers: A Large-Scale, Multi-Lab, Coordinated Replication Study.

Evaluating whether someone's behavior is praiseworthy or blameworthy is a fundamental human trait. A seminal study by Hamlin and colleagues in 2007 suggested that the ability to form social evaluations based on third-party interactions emerges within the first year of life: infants preferred a character who helped, over hindered, another who tried but failed to climb a hill. This sparked a new line of inquiry into the origins of social evaluations; however, replication attempts have yielded mixed results.

Multiple feature selection based on an optimization strategy for causal analysis of health data.

Purpose: Recent advancements in information technology and wearable devices have revolutionized healthcare through health data analysis. Identifying significant relationships in complex health data enhances healthcare and public health strategies. In health analytics, causal graphs are important for investigating the relationships among health features.

The Effects of Age and Cultural Differences on the Relationship Between Aging Anxiety and Ageism: Focusing on Social Identity Theory.

This study aims to test the hypothesis that the association between aging anxiety and ageism will be enhanced by age differently in the United States and in Japan. Data were obtained from online surveys in the United States (= 40.44, = 14.

[Root Cause Analysis for Incident Reporting Cases of Radiological Technologists Based on Years of Experience].

Purpose: Root Cause Analysis (RCA) of reported incident reports can lead to measures to prevent the recurrence of accidents. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the occurrence of cases, causal factors, contributing factors, and the experience years of the reporters classified into three groups: less than 2 years, 3 to less than 5 years, and more than 5 years, for incident reports subject to RCA.

Methods: From April 2018 to March 2023, a chi-square test was conducted between each item extracted from 239 cases subject to RCA and the experience years of the reporters, with a significance level of less than 5% considered significant.

Behavioral responses of free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to sudden loud noises.

We opportunistically observed 31 cases of responses to sudden loud noises mainly caused by falling rocks and trees in a free-ranging, provisioned group of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, at Katsuyama, Japan, and analyzed 27 cases for which we successfully recorded their responses. In 88% of the 24 cases in which the highest- or second-highest ranking adult male probably heard the noise, one or both of them vocalized aggressively in response. Other males tended to vocalize when they were far away from the two highest-ranking males (in 5 of 7 cases in which they vocalized).

Investigating the efficacy of AI-enhanced telerehabilitation in sarcopenic older individuals.

Objective: This study explores the effectiveness of 3D pose estimation technology in Yi Jin Jing (a traditional Chinese exercise) interventions for sarcopenic older individuals.

Design: A randomized controlled trial involving 93 participants (mean age: 71.64 ± 7.

Decoding and modifying dynamic attentional bias in gaming disorder.

With the spread of smartphones and computer games, concerns have escalated regarding the rising prevalence of gaming disorder. Patients often display attentional biases, unconsciously turning their attention towards gaming-related stimuli. However, attempts to discover and ameliorate these attentional deficits have yielded inconsistent outcomes, potentially due to the dynamic nature of attentional bias.

Effects of 4 weeks of foot exercise on subjective outcome and foot plantar pressure in elite adolescent dancers with hallux valgus: a pilot study.

Background: Dancers have a higher prevalence of hallux valgus (HV) than the general population. However, no reports specifically addressing treatment strategies for HV in dancers, or their effectiveness have been published. This study aimed to determine the effects of 4 weeks of foot exercises on subjective clinical outcomes, the HV angle, and change of foot plantar pressure during specific dance techniques.

Adversarially trained RTMpose: A high-performance, non-contact method for detecting Genu valgum in adolescents.

Genu valgum (GV), a prevalent postural deformity in adolescents, is traditionally diagnosed using methods that are complex, costly, and accompanied by radiation risks. To address these challenges, we evaluated 1519 Chinese adolescents, collecting GV annotations from three medical professionals to establish a robust dataset. Leveraging these annotations, we developed an end-to-end GV prediction model using RTMpose for body landmark extraction from images.

Serum TNFα and IL-17A levels may predict increased depressive symptoms: findings from the Shika Study cohort project in Japan.

Background: Low-grade systemic inflammation may be a key player in the immune activation that has been reported for mental health deterioration. We hypothesised that elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines increase neuroinflammation and exacerbate depressive symptoms.

Methods: The participants were part of a cohort study for whom data was available for both 2015 and 2019.

Ten-year trajectories of postpartum depression of Japanese mothers and fathers.

Background: Perinatal depression is a significant concern affecting both women and men during pregnancy and postpartum periods. While maternal postpartum depression has been extensively studied, paternal depression remains under-researched despite its prevalence and impact on family well-being. This study aimed to estimate the trajectories of perinatal and postpartum depression in Japanese parents over ten years and to determine the details of the symptoms of postpartum depression for each trajectory group, considering reciprocal effects between maternal and paternal depression.

Somatosensory stimulation on the wrist enhances the subsequent hand-choice by biasing toward the stimulated hand.

Hand choice is an unconscious decision frequently made in daily life. The electroencephalogram before target presentation correlates with hand choice for the target where hand choice probability reaches equilibrium. However, whether neurophysiological interventions before target presentation influence hand choice remains unknown.