Nursing Practices for Preventing Delirium in Patients with Cancer with Prognoses of Months and Weeks: A Multi-Site Cross-Sectional Study in Japan.

Background: Delirium is a condition characterized by an acute and transient disturbance in attention, cognition, and consciousness. It is increasingly prevalent at the end of life in patients with cancer. While non-pharmacological nursing interventions are essential for delirium prevention, their effectiveness in terminally ill patients with cancer remains unclear.

Awareness-raising activities of advance care planning for community residents: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Japan.

Background: Japan is implementing awareness-raising of advance care planning for older adults; however, only 451 out of 1 741 municipalities were engaged in advance care planning awareness-raising activities among residents, according to a 2017 survey. This study examined advance care planning awareness-raising activities among community residents by local governments after the 2018 revision of the government guidelines, as well as utilization of the revised guidelines, issues in awareness-raising activities, and directions for future activities.

Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in prefectures and municipalities nationwide in 2022.

How are the Barthel Index and care need levels associated in residents of nursing homes in Japan?

This study examined the relationship between Long-Term Care Insurance care need levels and Barthel Index scores in Japanese nursing home residents. Findings show a strong correlation (r = -0.68), comparable to community-dwelling individuals, yet certain care need levels exhibited large score variability.

Machine Learning Prediction for Postdischarge Falls in Older Adults: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

Objectives: The study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict early postdischarge falls in older adults using data that are easy to collect in acute care hospitals. This may reduce the burden imposed by complex measures on patients and health care staff.

Design: This prospective multicenter study included patients admitted to and discharged from geriatric wards at 3 university hospitals and 1 national medical center in Japan between October 2019 and July 2023.

Long-term prevalence of PTSD symptom in family members of severe COVID-19 patients: a serial follow-up study extending to 18 months after ICU discharge.

Background: Experiencing a loved one's stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) can profoundly affect families, often leading to post-intensive care syndrome-family (PICS-F), a condition particularly exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. While PICS-F significantly impacts the mental health of families of ICU patients, especially in the context of COVID-19, the long-term effects beyond 12 months remain understudied. This study aims to explore the prevalence of PTSD-related symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in family members up to 18 months after ICU discharge.

Factors associated with burnout among internationally educated nurses: A scoping review.

Background: The increasing nursing shortage in the healthcare industry has become a concern in many countries. Recruiting certified nurses from outside a country is one strategy to address this shortage. While the hiring of internationally educated nurses (IENs) fills the labor gap, a supportive work environment is necessary to retain IENs in the field.

Perspectives of people with schizophrenia on clinical outcome scales and patient-reported outcome measures: a qualitative study.

Background: Over the past half-century, numerous scales have been designed to quantify outcomes in people with severe mental health disorders. However, little is known about the views of people diagnosed with schizophrenia on individual outcome scales, particularly outside of European countries.

Aim: We conducted a qualitative study to examine the perspectives of people with schizophrenia on multiple scales in Japan.

Development of the Followership Evaluation Instrument for Nurses: A Prospective Longitudinal Survey.

Maintaining a healthy work environment in nursing practice depends not only on the leader's skill but also on the nursing staff's followership. The study purpose is to develop a followership instrument for nurses. We developed a followership evaluation instrument using data from two surveys conducted in 2013 and 2014 and assessed its validity using a questionnaire with nurses in Japan.

Effects of dementia on functional decline in patients with non-small cell lung cancer at discharge from acute care hospitals: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Hospital admissions often result in functional decline for patients with dementia, yet evidence on the impact of cancer treatments in this population during hospitalization is limited. We aimed to examine the association between dementia and functional decline after cancer treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 30,213 patients aged 65 years or older hospitalized for NSCLC treatment, from a dataset of 366 acute care hospitals in Japan, were eligible for this study.

A cross-sectional study examining the relationship between nursing practice environment and nurses' psychological empowerment.

The nursing practice environment is essential for improving the quality of nursing practice and patient service. Performing secondary analysis of data from the work environment for hospital nurses in Japan (WENS-J) study, this research investigated whether an improved, healthier work environment could enhance nurses' psychological empowerment. Self-administered questionnaire responses of 2,438 participants from 23 participating general hospitals with over 200 beds in municipalities with a population of 200,000 or more were analyzed.

Feasibility of Monitoring Heart and Respiratory Rates Using Nonwearable Devices and Consistency of the Measured Parameters: Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: As Japan is the world's fastest-aging society with a declining population, it is challenging to secure human resources for care providers. Therefore, the Japanese government is promoting digital transformation and the use of nursing care equipment, including nonwearable devices that monitor heart and respiratory rates. However, the feasibility of monitoring heart and respiratory rates with nonwearable devices and the consistency of the rates measured have not been reported.

Thermophile-fermented feed modulates the gut microbiota related to lactate metabolism in pigs.

Aims: Extracts of fermented feed obtained via fermentation of marine animal resources with thermophilic Bacillaceae bacteria increase the fecundity of livestock. The intestinal bacterial profiles in response to long-term administration of this extract to pigs were investigated.

Methods And Results: Half of a swine farm was supplied with potable water containing an extract of fermented feed for more than 2 years, whereas the other half was supplied with potable water without the extract.

Comparative Analysis of Independent Reviewer-Rated and Self-Rated Fidelity Scores in Individual Placement and Support Programs: Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys.

Fidelity assessments can contribute to maintaining the adherence to the individual placement and support (IPS) model, which enhances vocational outcomes for individuals with mental illness worldwide. While independent reviews are standard, self-assessments could broaden the implementation of IPS. This study aimed to evaluate reviewer-rated and self-rated fidelity assessments using the Japanese version of the Individualized Supported Employment Fidelity Scale (JiSEF), and to compare the two assessment methods in terms of their correlations with employment outcomes in Japan.

Development of a scale to assess nurses' difficulties in collaborating with physicians in responding to clinical deterioration during night shifts.

Aims: To develop a scale to assess difficulties that nurses experience when collaborating with physicians in responding to clinical deterioration during night shifts and identify factors associated with scoring using the developed scale.

Methods: A web-based questionnaire with a draft scale, the Nighttime Collaboration Difficulties between Nurses and Physicians for Nurses (NCDNP-N), was distributed to nurses working night shifts in acute-care hospitals across Japan. Data were collected between July and October 2023.

Employment status of older nursing staff aged 55 years and older in care facilities: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan.

An aging nursing workforce requires addressing shortages due to retirement. This nationwide descriptive cross-sectional study in Japan clarified the employment status of older nursing staff aged ≥ 55 years by facility type during January-March 2022. Questionnaires were sent to 8,000 nursing directors, with 1,658 valid responses (response rate: 20.

Characteristics of the studies using realist evaluation to assess interventions that address psychosocial healthcare issues in older adults: a scoping review.

Objectives: Interventions to address psychosocial healthcare issues in older adults are increasing. Realist evaluation (RE) helps us understand how these interventions work for their issues. It is significant to obtain implications for further developing such research.

Adjusting to living with chronic liver disease among patients who continue regular healthcare visits for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: A grounded theory study.

Aim: To explore patients' process of living with chronic liver disease while continuing regular healthcare visits for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance.

Methods: Semistructured interviews and participant observations were conducted in this qualitative constructivist grounded theory study. The participants included 11 patients undergoing regular hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance every 1-6 months for 2-30 years.

Effectiveness of a Social-Media-Based Diet and Physical Activity Programme for Fathers in Japan: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Provision of healthy lifestyle support for fathers can improve the lifestyles and health awareness of not only fathers but also their children and families. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of education targeting healthy fathers provided via social media. Hence, we aimed to clarify the effects of providing fathers with information on healthy lifestyle habits via social media on their awareness and behaviours regarding diet, physical activity, and healthcare, in addition to such a programme's indirect effects on their children.

The Perceptions and Experiences of Older People Living in the Aftermath of Lombok Earthquakes, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Despite the growing knowledge of people's vulnerability following natural disasters, the perspective of older people has received limited attention. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of older people encountering the 2018 Lombok earthquakes.

Methods: This exploratory qualitative study involved 16 older people living in one of the villages most affected by the 2018 earthquakes in Lombok Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.

Last year of life care transitions between long-term care insurance services in Japan: Analysis of long-term care insurance claims data.

Aim: We determined the number of care transitions in the year before death among older adults requiring long-term care (LTC) and those receiving public LTC insurance (LTCI) services in Japan, along with care transition pathways and factors associated with the number of care transitions.

Methods: This study used data from the Japanese LTCI claims, which store national information on certification of needed LTC and LTCI claims data. Services received in the year before death were classified as in-home, facility, mixture of in-home and facility, and not using LTCI services.

Nursing Support for Constipation in Patients with Cancer: A Scoping Review.

Constipation is an uncomfortable symptom experienced by many patients with advanced cancer, and it decreases the quality of life. Several studies have advised pharmacological therapies for constipation management, whereas others have promoted nonpharmacological approaches that promote changes in the patient's lifestyle. However, constipation management by nurses has not yet been systematically reviewed in patients with cancer.