Ensemble Algorithm Based on Gene Selection, Data Augmentation, and Boosting Approaches for Ovarian Cancer Classification.

Ovarian cancer is a difficult and lethal illness that requires early detection and precise classification for effective therapy. Microarray technology has permitted the simultaneous assessment of hundreds of genes' expression levels, yielding important insights into the molecular pathways driving ovarian cancer. To reduce computational complexity and improve accuracy, choosing the most likely differential genes to explain the impacts of ovarian cancer is necessary.

From Omics to Multi-Omics: A Review of Advantages and Tradeoffs.

Bioinformatics is a rapidly evolving field charged with cataloging, disseminating, and analyzing biological data. Bioinformatics started with genomics, but while genomics focuses more narrowly on the genes comprising a genome, bioinformatics now encompasses a much broader range of omics technologies. Overcoming barriers of scale and effort that plagued earlier sequencing methods, bioinformatics adopted an ambitious strategy involving high-throughput and highly automated assays.

Refining the Allostatic Self-Efficacy Theory of Fatigue and Depression Using Causal Inference.

Allostatic self-efficacy (ASE) represents a computational theory of fatigue and depression. In brief, it postulates that (i) fatigue is a feeling state triggered by a metacognitive diagnosis of loss of control over bodily states (persistently elevated interoceptive surprise); and that (ii) generalization of low self-efficacy beliefs beyond bodily control induces depression. Here, we converted ASE theory into a structural causal model (SCM).

A 15-Year Observational Cohort of Acute Empyema at a Single-Center in Japan.

Despite the advancements in diagnostic methods and antibiotic treatment, empyema is a critical respiratory infection, showing a high mortality rate of 10-25%. To evaluate the bacterial etiology and prognostic factors of acute empyema, we conducted this long-term retrospective cohort study at our institute between 2008 and 2022. A total of 80 patients were enrolled in this cohort.

Cloning and Functional Analysis of Skin Host Defense Peptides from Yakushima Tago's Brown Frog () and Development of Serum Endotoxin Detection System.

Amphibian skin is a valuable source of host defense peptides (HDPs). This study aimed to identify HDPs with novel amino acid sequences from the skin of and analyze their functions. cDNAs encoding HDP precursors were cloned and sequenced using RT-PCR and 3'-RACE.

-GlcNAcylation of Focal Adhesion Kinase Regulates Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation via the FAK/AKT Pathway.

Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase pivotal in cellular signal transduction, regulating cell adhesion, migration, growth, and survival. However, the regulatory mechanisms of FAK during tumorigenesis and progression still need to be fully understood. Our previous study demonstrated that -GlcNAcylation regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesion.

Multifaceted Role of Specialized Neuropeptide-Intensive Neurons on the Selective Vulnerability to Alzheimer's Disease in the Human Brain.

Regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD), specific neuronal populations and brain regions exhibit selective vulnerability. Understanding the basis of this selective neuronal and regional vulnerability is essential to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology. However, progress in this area is currently hindered by the incomplete understanding of the intricate functional and spatial diversity of neuronal subtypes in the human brain.

Saliva in Balancing Oral and Systemic Health, Oral Cancer, and Beyond: A Narrative Review.

Saliva plays a multifaceted role in oral health and systemic well-being. It supports digestion, protects oral tissues, maintains a healthy oral microbiome, and facilitates wound healing. Additionally, saliva serves as a diagnostic tool that reflects systemic health and disease/therapeutic states.

A Novel Triplet of Alisertib Plus Ibrutinib Plus Rituximab Is Active in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

: Aurora (AK) A/B are oncogenic mitotic kinases that when over-expressed are poor prognostic markers in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). : Alisertib, an AK-A inhibitor, has anti-tumor activity in relapsed/refractory (r/r) MCL patients. We evaluated alisertib plus ibrutinib in MCL to abrogate ibrutinib resistance.

Retrospective Analysis of HLA Class II-Restricted Neoantigen Peptide-Pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Breast Cancer.

: Neoantigens have attracted attention as ideal therapeutic targets for anti-tumour immunotherapy because the T cells that respond to neoantigens are not affected by central immune tolerance. Recent findings have revealed that the activation of CD4-positive T cells plays a central role in antitumor immunity, and thus targeting human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II-restricted neoantigens, which are targets of CD4-positive T cells, is of significance. However, there are very few detailed reports of neoantigen vaccine therapies that use an HLA class II-restricted long peptide.

A Phthalimide-Functionalized Heptamethine Cyanine Dye for Tumor-Targeted Photothermal Therapy.

Background: A phthalimide-functionalized heptamethine cyanine dye, named Ph790H, is used for targeted photothermal cancer therapy in vivo. We highlight that the chemical structure of Ph790H is newly designed and synthesized for the first time in this study.

Objectives: By possessing a rigid chloro-cyclohexenyl ring in the heptamethine cyanine backbone, the bifunctional near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye Ph790H can be preferentially accumulated in tumor without the need for additional targeting ligands, which is defined as the "structure-inherent tumor targeting" concept.

Transcriptomic Characterization Reveals Mitochondrial Involvement in Nrf2/Keap1-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis.

Although osteoclasts play crucial roles in the skeletal system, the mechanisms that underlie oxidative stress during osteoclastogenesis remain unclear. The transcription factor Nrf2 and its suppressor, Keap1, function as central mediators of oxidative stress. To further elucidate the function of Nrf2/Keap1-mediated oxidative stress regulation in osteoclastogenesis, DNA microarray analysis was conducted in this study using wild-type (WT), knockout ( KO), and knockout ( KO) osteoclasts.

Anti-Graying Effects of External and Internal Treatments with Luteolin on Hair in Model Mice.

Little is known about the anti-graying effects of antioxidants on hair. The anti-graying effects of three antioxidants (luteolin, hesperetin, and diosmetin) on hair were investigated according to the sequential processes of hair graying that were previously clarified in model mice [Ednrb(+/-);RET-mice]. External treatment with luteolin, but not that with hesperetin or diosmetin, alleviated hair graying in Ednrb(+/-);RET-mice.

Exploring Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysregulation in Lung Tissues of Offspring Rats Exposed to Prenatal Polystyrene Microplastics: Effects of Melatonin Treatment.

Metabolomics research provides a clearer understanding of an organism's metabolic state and enables a more accurate representation of its functional performance. This study aimed to investigate changes in the metabolome of lung tissues resulting from prenatal exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) and to understand the underlying mechanisms of lung damage in rat offspring. We conducted metabolomic analyses of lung tissue from seven-day-old rat pups exposed to prenatal PS-MPs.

Intelligibility Sound Therapy Enhances the Ability of Speech-in-Noise Perception and Pre-Perceptual Neurophysiological Response.

Aural rehabilitation with hearing aids can decrease the attentional requirements of cognitive resources by amplifying deteriorated-frequency sound in hearing loss patients and improving auditory discrimination ability like speech-in-noise perception. As aural rehabilitation with an intelligible-hearing sound also can be hopeful, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aural rehabilitation with intelligible-hearing sound for hearing loss patients. Adult native Japanese speakers (17 males and 23 females, 68.

Age-associated interplay between zinc deficiency and Golgi stress hinders microtubule-dependent cellular signaling and epigenetic control.

Golgi abnormalities have been linked to aging and age-related diseases, yet the underlying causes and functional consequences remain poorly understood. This study identifies the interaction between age-associated zinc deficiency and Golgi stress as a critical factor in cellular aging. Senescent Golgi bodies from human fibroblasts show a fragmented Golgi structure, associated with a decreased interaction of the zinc-dependent Golgi-stacking protein complex Golgin45-GRASP55.

Prospects of bovine milk small extracellular vesicles in veterinary medicine.

Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes or small EV (sEV) derived from biological fluids, such as milk, have garnered increasing interest in veterinary medicine because of their role in the pathophysiology and understanding of the disease status of the host. Bovine milk serves as a rich source of sEV, containing diverse cargoes of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which play a critical role in intercellular communication and regulation of host status. Although it is more difficult to isolate and purify sEV from bovine milk than from human breast milk, challenges persist in enabling the enrichment and analysis of sEV populations, facilitating the elucidation of their functional roles and prognostic potential in cattle diseases.

Prognostic significance of serum complement activation, neutrophil extracellular traps and extracellular DNA in newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer.

Purpose: We observed that the tumor microenvironment (TME) in metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and in other solid tumors can reprogram normal neutrophils to acquire a complement-dependent suppressor phenotype characterized by inhibition of stimulated T cell activation. This study aims to evaluate whether serum markers of neutrophil activation and complement at diagnosis of EOC would be associated with clinical outcomes.

Experimental Design: We conducted a two-center prospective study of patients with newly diagnosed EOC (N = 188).

Artificial Intelligence Predicts Multiclass Molecular Signatures and Subtypes Directly From Breast Cancer Histology: a Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Detection of biomarkers of breast cancer incurs additional costs and tissue burden. We propose a deep learning-based algorithm (BBMIL) to predict classical biomarkers, immunotherapy-associated gene signatures, and prognosis-associated subtypes directly from hematoxylin and eosin stained histopathology images. BBMIL showed the best performance among comparative algorithms on the prediction of classical biomarkers, immunotherapy related gene signatures, and subtypes.

Verification of an alteration in the gut microbiota that increases nutritional risk in patients on hemodialysis.

In end-stage kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, patients at nutritional risk have a poor prognosis. The gut microbiota is important for maintaining the nutritional status of patients. However, it remains unclear whether an altered gut microbiota correlates with increased nutritional risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Optic nerve-mediated modulation of temporally interfering electric fields for potential targeted retinal disease therapy: a computational modeling study.

Introduction: Traditional extraocular electrical stimulation typically produces diffuse electric fields across the retina, limiting the precision of targeted therapy. Temporally interfering (TI) electrical stimulation, an emerging approach, can generate convergent electric fields, providing advantages for targeted treatment of various eye conditions.

Objective: Understanding how detailed structures of the retina, especially the optic nerve, affects electric fields can enhance the application of TI approach in retinal neurodegenerative and vascular diseases, an essential aspect that has been frequently neglected in previous researches.

Cutoffs on severity metrics for minimal manifestations or better status in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis.

International consensus guidance and Japanese clinical guidelines for myasthenia gravis (MG) recommend achieving minimal manifestations or better status (MM-or-better) as the severity component of the treatment goal. However, the subjective nature of determining MM can result in ambiguity regarding this category in clinical practice and clinical trials. This study analyzed severity metrics in a large number of MG patients to propose criteria for MM-or-better.

Insights Into Submissions and Medical Journal Publications in Korea.

We analyzed the publication and submission statuses of Korean medical journals from 2010 to 2024, amidst challenges impacting researchers. Data from 58 domestic journals identified through the 2023 JCR database were used to assess publication status, while data from the () were utilized to examine submission status. The proportion of published original articles by domestic authors decreased by 3% in 2024 compared to 2023.

Arterial Reconstruction Using the Right Gastroepiploic Artery in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience.

BACKGROUND Recipient hepatic arteries are generally used for arterial reconstructions in living donor liver transplantation. When the hepatic arteries are not feasible, the right gastroepiploic artery is one of the options for arterial reconstructions. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of using the right gastroepiploic artery and report the analyzed retrospective patient outcomes.

Uncovering potential causal genes for undiagnosed congenital anomalies using an in-house pipeline for trio-based whole-genome sequencing.

Background: Congenital anomalies (CAs) encompass a wide spectrum of structural and functional abnormalities during fetal development, commonly presenting at birth. Identifying the cause of CA is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Using a target-gene approach, genetic variants could be found in certain CA patients.