Evaluation of host status of garlic varieties for a plant-parasitic nematode, , by using in vitro inoculation.

is a plant-parasitic nematode that severely damages garlic ( L.) in Japan. is detected in roots, bulbs, and outer bulb skins of garlic at harvest; however, the resistance of garlic to infection is not well understood.

is not necessary for male fertility, but contributes to maintaining sperm morphology.

Selenoprotein P (SeP) is synthesized in the liver and plays a vital role in maintaining selenium homeostasis via transport throughout the body. Previous studies have shown that SeP-deficient mice have severely reduced expression of selenoproteins essential for testicular function, leading to male infertility. We previously reported that the high expression of Ccdc152 in hepatocytes acts as a lncRNA, suppressing SeP expression in the liver.

Epigenetic modulation via the C-terminal tail of H2A.Z.

H2A.Z-nucleosomes are present in both euchromatin and heterochromatin and it has proven difficult to interpret their disparate roles in the context of their stability features. Using an in situ assay of nucleosome stability and DT40 cells expressing engineered forms of the histone variant we show that native H2A.

Development of engineered IL-36γ-hypersecreting Lactococcus lactis to improve the intestinal environment.

Interleukin (IL) 36 is a member of the IL-1-like proinflammatory cytokine family that has a protective role in mucosal immunity. We hypothesized that mucosal delivery of IL-36γ to the intestine would be a very effective way to prevent intestinal diseases. Here, we genetically engineered a lactic acid bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, to produce recombinant mouse IL-36γ (rmIL-36γ).

Somatic mutation rates scale with time not growth rate in long-lived tropical trees.

The rates of appearance of new mutations play a central role in evolution. However, mutational processes in natural environments and their relationship with growth rates are largely unknown, particular in tropical ecosystems with high biodiversity. Here, we examined the somatic mutation landscapes of two tropical trees, (slow-growing) and (fast-growing), in central Borneo, Indonesia.

Spatial variations in health service utilization among migrant population: a perspective on health equity.

As health equity becomes a prioritized goal in global health policy, extensive research has revealed that socio-economic and geographical factors jointly exacerbate barriers to medical service access for both internal and international migrant populations, further accelerating existing health disparities. This study explores healthcare service utilization disparities among internal migrants in China, a population profoundly affected by the country's economic reforms and urbanization since the late 1970s. These transformations have led to significant migratory movements and subsequent healthcare challenges for these populations.

Associations between intestinal lactic acid bacteria species and feeding habits of zoo animals.

Lactic acid bacteria are among the most important bacteria in the intestinal flora and often have beneficial effects on the host. It is known that the bacteria that compose the intestinal flora are influenced by the feeding habits of host animals, but there was a lack of knowledge about lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, also considering the use of select strains as probiotics, this study investigated the relationship between the feeding habits of zoo animals and intestinal species.

A novel tauopathy model mimicking molecular and spatial aspects of human tau pathology.

Creating a mouse model that recapitulates human tau pathology is essential for developing strategies to intervene in tau-induced neurodegeneration. However, mimicking the pathological features seen in human pathology often involves a trade-off with artificial effects such as unexpected gene insertion and neurotoxicity from the expression system. To overcome these issues, we developed the rTKhomo mouse model by combining a transgenic CaMKII-tTA system with a P301L mutated 1N4R human tau knock-in at the locus with a C57BL/6J background.

Change in the ability of bovine granulosa cells to elongate transzonal projections and their transcriptome changes during follicle development.

Granulosa cells (GCs) in secondary follicles differentiate into cumulus cells (CCs) and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) in the antral follicle. Only CCs maintain direct connections with oocytes through transzonal projections (TZPs) and support oocyte growth. Here, we examined whether granulosa cells (GCs) from secondary follicles and MGCs from early and late antral follicles were able to reconstruct complexes with TZP-free denuded oocytes (DOs) and regenerate TZPs.

Toxicity of the marine glycosidic macrolides, polycavernoside E and akunolides, from Okinawan cyanobacterium Okeania sp. in mice.

The toxicity of polycavernoside E and its structurally related macrolides, akunolides A, B, and C, was evaluated in mice. These compounds were recently isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Okeania sp. collected in Okinawa, Japan.

Triantaspirols A-C and Paraphaeolactone Cs from sp. KT4192: Sensitivity of CP3 in Distinguishing Close NMR Signals.

Hybridized spirobisnaphthalene derivatives, triantaspirols A-C (-) and paraphaeolactones C1 and C2 ( and ), were identified from the culture broth of the fungus sp. KT4192. The NMR spectra of and , as well as and , closely resembled each other, indicating that these were pairs of diastereomers.

Elevated levels of cyclophilin A secreted in milk during bovine mastitis.

Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease that primarily occurs when bacteria invade and proliferate in the mammary gland, although it can also be caused by physical trauma. Mastitis results in a decrease in milk yield and quality, causing huge economic losses. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a cytosolic protein known as cyclosporine binding protein.

Serum TNFα and IL-17A levels may predict increased depressive symptoms: findings from the Shika Study cohort project in Japan.

Background: Low-grade systemic inflammation may be a key player in the immune activation that has been reported for mental health deterioration. We hypothesised that elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines increase neuroinflammation and exacerbate depressive symptoms.

Methods: The participants were part of a cohort study for whom data was available for both 2015 and 2019.

Methanotrophic Communities and Cultivation of Methanotrophs from Rice Paddy Fields Fertilized with Pig-livestock Biogas Digestive Effluent and Synthetic Fertilizer in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta.

Biogas digestive effluent (BDE) has been applied to rice fields in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). However, limited information is available on the community composition and isolation of methanotrophs in these fields. Therefore, the present study aimed (i) to clarify the responses of the methanotrophic community in paddy fields fertilized with BDE or synthetic fertilizer (SF) and (ii) to isolate methanotrophs from these fields.

Establishment of appropriate conditions for the efficient determination of multiple mycotoxins in tea samples and assessment of their drinking risks.

Conditions were determined for rapid, convenient, and efficient determination of 16 common mycotoxins in tea samples. Mycotoxins in tea leaves and tea infusion samples were extracted using solid-liquid extraction/liquid-liquid extraction combined with ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The extraction solvent was 2-butanone/ethyl acetate (9/1 v/v) with 0.

Effect of cell-free culture on bacterial pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis patients: and studies.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the cell-free supernatant of ATCC 10241 on the biofilm-forming capacity of strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In addition, the study evaluated the potential of the cell-free supernatant to modulate inflammation and reduce lung damage in mice infected with strains or co-challenged with and the group (SMG). The results showed that CF-derived strains can infect the respiratory tract of adult mice, inducing local inflammation and lung damage.

Relationship Between Resultant Force Vector Acting on Human Organs From Food Bolus and the Bolus Configuration During Swallowing Using Numerical Swallowing Simulation With Moving Particle Simulation Method.

This study investigates the forces exerted on organs during swallowing, specifically focusing on identifying forces other than those resulting from direct organ contact. Using a swallowing simulator based on the moving particle method, we simulated the swallowing process of healthy individuals upon the ingestion of thickened foods, which were simulated as shear-thinning flow without yield stress. We extracted the resultant force vectors acting on the organs and shape of the bolus at each time interval.

Discovery of a Microbial Carrier with High Adsorption Affinity for Syntrophic Long-Chain Fatty Acid-Degrading Microorganisms.

Long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) degradation primarily involves several species of and hydrogenotrophic methanogens, constituting the rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion. It is crucial to augment their abundance to enhance LCFA degradation. Utilizing microbial carriers presents an effective strategy to maintain the microorganisms on the surface and prevent their washout from the digester.