Prevalence and molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis in livestock in the Hazara Division, Pakistan.

Introduction: Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by tapeworm larvae, forming cysts in organs like the liver and lungs. It primarily affects livestock and humans, with significant public health and economic implications worldwide. In the Hazara Division, the prevalence and genetic diversity of the is largely unexplored.

Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in indigenous populations and their dogs living in reservation areas, Brazil.

Although hemoplasma infection has been widely described in animals, a few studies have been conducted involving human populations, mostly as case reports. This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study that accessed hemoplasma infection in individuals and dogs from ten Indigenous communities of southern and southeastern Brazil. A total of 23/644 (3.

Tabrizicola caldifontis sp. nov., Isolated from Hot Spring Sediment Sample.

A Gram-stain-negative, ovoid to rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, designated YIM 73028, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a hot spring in Tibet, China. Phylogenetic analysis (based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences) indicated that strain YIM 73028 belongs to the genus Tabrizicola and showed the highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Tabrizicola aquatica (97.0%).

Ferroelectricity in Orthorhombic Zirconia Thin Films.

Ferroelectric fluorite oxides such as hafnium (HfO)-based materials are one of the most promising candidates for future large-scale integrated circuits (ICs), while zirconia (ZrO)-based fluorite materials, which have the same structure as HfO and , are usually thought to be anti- or ferroelectric-like. Here, we report a remanent polarization () of ∼15 μC/cm in orthorhombic ZrO thin films at 77 K. This ferroelectricity arises from an electric field-induced antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition, which is particularly noticeable at 77 K.

Molecular signatures that translate across omics layers and crops under high aluminium and low phosphorus stress facilitate the identification of reliable molecular targets for genotyping in lentil.

Aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency are co-existing characteristics of low pH stress that significantly affect the grain yield of crops. The increasing acidity of Indian soils potentially limits the cultivable area for lentil (Lens culinaris), the third most widely consumed pulse. Breeding for tolerance requires an understanding of interdependent biological responses, but the molecular characterization of integrated tolerance remains elusive.

Synthesis and Study of pH Independent L-Cysteine Capped Zirconium Oxide Quantum Dots as a Potential Bio-Imaging Probe Using HeLa Cells.

Here we propose an eco-friendly hydrothermal approach to synthesise fluorescent L-cysteine capped zirconium oxide quantum dots (L-Cys-ZrO QDs). The UV-Vis absorption, PL-emission, pH independence, size, functional group attached over surface QDs, binding energy, and stability of QDs in aqueous solvent were systematically studied. The TEM results revealed the mean particle size ∼5.

Action plan for an international imaging framework for implementation of global low-dose CT screening for lung cancer.

Reduction in lung cancer mortality is achievable through low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk individuals. Many countries are progressing from local LDCT screening studies to national screening programs. Implementation of effective large-scale screening programs is complex and requires a multi-disciplinary approach.

Manganese-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives for Electrochemical Water Splitting: Recent Advances and Future Outlook.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have recently attracted significant interest as promising candidates in water splitting due to their well-defined structural and electronic features, three-dimensional architecture, high surface area, abundance of active sites, remarkable stability, and improved capabilities for mass transport and diffusion. Mn-based MOFs and their derivatives have been extensively studied and demonstrated significant potential in water splitting, inspired largely by the natural photosystem-II. Despite the development of numerous Mn-based electrocatalysts, Mn-MOFs stand out due to their strong synergistic interactions, tunable electronic properties, efficient charge and mass transfer, and straightforward synthesis.

Stroke-Homing Peptide-DNase1 Alleviates Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Selectively Degrading Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) act as a vital first line of defence against tissue damage and pathogens, playing a significant role in improving diseases such as intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However, we observed that after intestinal injury, intestinal bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can enter the circulatory system, leading to a significant secondary increase in NETs production and the subsequent activation of a coagulation cascade. This phenomenon contributes to a pathological process known as the 'second strike' of NETs, which exaggerates intestinal damage and microcirculation disturbance.

MpRR-MYB2 and MpRR-MYB5: New players of chloroplast biogenesis.

Photosynthesis is an essential biological process that occurs within chloroplasts. Recently, Frangedakis et al. (2024) reported that transcription factors- MpRR-MYB2 and MpRR-MYB5 work along with GLK, and also play a role in chloroplast development.

Evaluation of glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with insomnia via diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space.

Background: The glymphatic system is a crucial pathway for the clearance of metabolic waste from the brain, and its dysfunction has been linked to various neurodegenerative disorders. This study examined the connection between insomnia and glymphatic system dysfunction, offering a novel perspective on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying insomnia.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 25 patients with insomnia and 37 healthy controls for a case-control study.

Use of blood flow restriction and electrical stimulation in a patient with transverse myelitis: a case report.

Background: Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in neurological impairments that impact motor function and mobility. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training has emerged as a feasible intervention in neurologic populations to improve strength and functional performance. Recent studies suggest that combining BFR with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may further enhance outcomes.

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities of multifunctional pyrazolo-1,2-benzothiazine acetamides.

The advent of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms requires the discovery and synthesis of novel antibiotics. At the same time, human pathogens are contributing to chronic and persistent inflammation. Motivated by these two concerning issues, new antibiotic drug candidates are synthesized by incorporation of benzothiazine, pyrazole, and amide moieties in a new scaffold to create multifunctional derivatives of pyrazolo-1,2-benzothiazine.

A Community-Based Intervention for Mental Health and Wellbeing in Pregnancy and Postpartum: One Healthy Start Site's Story.

Purpose: Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) are the leading cause for maternal morbidity and are associated with underlying causes of pregnancy-related death. Healthy Start (HS) programs around the country seek to lower the risk of maternal mortality through services that screen for and address social determinants of health, including mental health. This study used secondary data from the University of Houston Healthy Start (UHHS) to examine postpartum depression screening and referral rates among program participants and feedback from participating mothers about the program's mental health services.

Physical activity engagement among Black African-born immigrant women in the United States: Results from the 2011 to 2018 National Health Interview Surveys.

Introduction: Black women in the US, including Black African immigrant women, have the lowest rates of physical activity (PA). This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, anthropometric, and health characteristics associated with PA engagement among African-born Black women immigrants.

Methods: The sample consisted of 736 Black African-born women respondents the 2011-2018 National Health Interview Surveys.

Couple-based lifestyle intervention for minority prostate cancer survivors: a randomized feasibility trial.

Background: Black and Hispanic prostate cancer (PCa) survivors, who face a high burden of comorbid conditions and often engage in low levels of physical activity and healthy eating, remain significantly underrepresented in lifestyle intervention studies.

Purpose: Given the significance of spousal influence, we developed a culturally tailored lifestyle intervention for these survivors and their spouses and assessed its feasibility, acceptability, and impact on behavioral change.

Methods: Survivor-spouse couples were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 22), which received 12 health-coaching calls over 6 months, or a usual-care control group (n = 9).

Investigating academic resilience in learning English: an ecological context of undergraduate students.

Despite a general understanding of the role resilience may play in students' wellbeing and learning growth, there has been little or no focus on examining the resilient attitude of undergraduate L2 learners from Lahore, Pakistan. Students from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds are drawn to Lahore because it is a hub for higher education in Pakistan with almost 28 public and private sector universities. This quantitative study collected data from 498 undergraduate students from various academic disciplines and ethnic backgrounds studying in the universities of Lahore.

Microbiota, parasitic infections and their relationship with nutritional status and neurocognitive functioning in children from Ecuador-Proyecto Guagua: research protocol for a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: This protocol outlines the Proyecto Guagua, which aims to explore the relationship between the characteristics of the gut microbiota, parasitic infections, nutritional status, and neurocognitive functioning in school-age children in Ecuador.

Methods And Analysis: Proyecto Guagua is a cross-sectional observational study funded by the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. It is being carried out in several counties across different geographical regions in Ecuador, including Galápagos.

Production of IgY in egg yolk of Gallus gallus Domesticus by oral vaccination and its characterization with outer membrane of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale.

Chicken respiratory disease "Ornithobacteriosis" caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) badly affect the poultry industry. In this study, ORT was isolated from chicken tracheal samples by streaking on 5 % sheep blood agar plates and characterized by morphological analysis, biochemical tests and identification by species specific PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene. Characterized ORT was cultured, fixed with formalin and mixed with the normal feed to be used as oral vaccine to egg laying hens for 10 days.

Early fecal microbiota transplantation continuously improves chicken growth performance by inhibiting age-related Lactobacillus decline in jejunum.

Background: At an early age, chickens commonly exhibit a rise in the average daily gain, which declines as they age. Further studies indicated that the decrease in chicken growth performance at a later age is closely associated with an age-related decline in Lactobacillus abundance in the small intestines. Whether inhibiting the age-related decline in Lactobacillus in the small intestine by early fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could improve chicken growth performance is an interesting question.

Inactivation of the CMAH gene and deficiency of Neu5Gc play a role in human brain evolution.

During human evolution, some genes were lost or silenced from the genome of hominins. These missing genes might be the key to the evolution of humans' unique cognitive skills. An inactivation mutation in CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) was the result of natural selection.

Sun Glint-Aware Restoration (SUGAR): a robust sun glint correction algorithm for UAV imagery to enhance monitoring of turbid coastal environments.

Sun glint contamination on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) imagery is a ubiquitous problem and poses a significant impediment in the retrieval of water quality parameters for coastal monitoring applications. Previous studies using near-infrared (NIR) and regression-based sun glint corrections have shown overcorrection at turbid regions as water-leaving NIR radiance is non-negligible. A spatial shift in the band channels would also result in suboptimal correction in the visible spectrum.

Vaccine Knowledge and Acceptance Among Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherers in Tanzania.

Objectives: Vaccines are highly successful in preventing disease, but misinformation has fueled vaccine hesitancy globally, thereby reducing immunization rates and weakening herd immunity. Vaccine knowledge and hesitancy among hunter-gatherers is a crucial area of research and intervention, as their mobile lifestyle exacerbates other challenges, such as marginalization and medical mistrust.

Methods: In our exploratory study, we surveyed 91 Hadzabe adults across six camps (mean age = 39, 46% female) about their knowledge of vaccines and their safety and efficacy.

Facile fabrication of a novel chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/bentonite/CuO nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial applications.

In this study, an eco-friendly chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/bentonite/CuO nanocomposite (CS/CMC/BN/CuO NC) was synthesized utilizing algal-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The resulting hybrid nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using advanced techniques, including XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and BET analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the hybrid nanocomposite was assessed by the degradation of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) dye under visible light irradiation, while the antibacterial activity of the hybrid nanocomposite was evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.

Exploring the electronic structure, mechanical stability and optoelectronic responses of arsenic-based MAsX (M = Nb, Mo and X = C, N) MAX phase ceramics.

This study utilizes first-principles computations to examine the electronic structure, mechanical stability, and optoelectronic responses of arsenic-based MAsX (M = Nb, Mo and X = C, N) ceramics. We assessed the stability of these compounds by calculating their formation enthalpies and phonon dispersion curves, which showed that all the compounds we examined are stable and can be synthesized successfully. The robustness of these materials was also analyzed using elastic constants, which further confirmed that the MAsX phases are stable and not prone to mechanical instability.